Draft:Edward John (EJ) Howells M.C.

Edward John (EJ) Howells M.C. (1882-1959) was an Australian army officer (ANZAC) during World War I. He served in Gallipoli, the Sinai campaign with the Desert Mounted Corps, and between the wars. as a Wing Commander in the RAAF. Howells is notable for forcing the first bridge over the River Jordan during WWI, an accomplishment that earned him the Military Cross.

Early Life Edward John Howells, known as EJ, was born on 20 May 1882 in Barrow-in-Furness, England. As a child, he immigrated with his father, John Howells, and mother, Anna Roderick Howells, to Australia, where they settled in Camberwell, a suburb of Melbourne. He was their only child. Young Howells demonstrated a talent for mechanics, worked at the Vulcan Foundry and later with Humble & Nicholson of Geelong. His technical abilities led to his acceptance into the prestigious Gordon School where he excelled in engineering and drafting. Upon graduation, he became an instructor at the school before employment as the Commonwealth’s Deputy Examiner of Patents in Melbourne. His expertise in mechanics and engineering laid the foundation for his future contributions to the military.

Military Service World War I - Gallipoli Campaign At the outbreak of World War I, Howells, a former member of the Victoria Cadets, volunteered for the Australian Imperial Force. Initially assigned to the 23rd Infantry Battalion as a 2nd Lieutenant, he sailed aboard the TSS Euripides in May 1915 for Egypt. While stationed in Heliopolis, he was transferred to the Engineer Corps, and soon after landed at ANZAC Cove, Gallipoli, in September 1915 aboard the TSS Knights Templar.

At Gallipoli, Howells served with the 5th Field Company, Australian Engineers, primarily involved in tunnel digging and the laying of explosives under Turkish trenches. On one occasion, Howells was overcome by gas during a mine explosion but was saved by Corporal John Henry Precious. This experience contributed to the onset of "neurasthenia," and he was evacuated to Malta, then to England for recovery. During convalescence in England, he missed the birth of his daughter and death of his father.

World War I - Sinai and Palestine Campaign After a brief leave in Australia, Howells returned to duty in Egypt, formed a bridging company and joined the Desert Mounted Corps under General Sir Edmund Allenby. As a Captain of Engineers, he was responsible for critical logistical tasks, including repairing wells and constructing makeshift bridges for the advancing Allied units to capture Jerusalem, Beersheba, Jericho and Damascus.

One of Howells' most significant accomplishments came during the campaign to cross the River Jordan. Allied forces needed to sever the Turkish railway lines east of the Jordan River and link up with the Arab Army, advised by T.E. Lawrence. While larger British bridging units failed due to swift water and Turkish fire, Howells’ unit, D Field Troop, Australian Engineers, with labor from 3 Light Horse and 23 Battalion, Londoners successfully bridged the flooded river under heavy Turkish fire, on the night of 21-22 March 1918. This allowed mounted troops to cross and secure the east bank so more bridges could be constructed. For his heroism, Howells was awarded the Military Cross. Several of his men were also recognized for their bravery, including Sapper S. Dawson MM, the first to swim across the river to secure ropes to the eastern bank, and Batman H.R.Y. McGuigan D.C.M, who accompanied Howells on nightly reconnaissance to to the river to find a site to attempt the crossing.

Howells and his unit repaired and constructing bridges throughout the campaign, including innovative “barrel bridges” for which he was Mentioned in Dispatches to King George. Late in the campaign, he like many others where hospitalized with malaria and dysentery. After the Turkish surrender in October 1918, Howells was selected as Officer Commanding War Records Section, tasked with collecting war diaries and historical trophies, much of which became the initial collection of the Australian War Memorial Museum. A pontoon from his bridge is on permanent display at the War Memorial in Canberra.

Post-War Life Upon returning to Australia in 1919, Howells resumed his position at the Patent Office and enrolled in University of Melbourne to study law. His marriage had become strained, partly due to his absence during the war, and correspondence with a German woman named Lydia Imberger, whom he had met and socialized with at the German Colony in Jerusalem during the war. She corresponded, with him in German until his death.

In 1921, Howells sought to return to military service and was appointed to the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). His duties involved traveling across Australia to test and recruit candidates for technical positions in the fledgling Air Force. Promoted to Wing Commander, Howells returned to Melbourne, but his ongoing mental health struggles led to him seek medical retirement in 1938.

Personal Life Howells married Beatrice Anne Marks, on 26 October 1905 in Melbourne. The couple had two daughters: Lorna Howells, born about 1912. She married Melbourne lawyer John M. Gray. Dorothy Elaine Howells (3 December 1915–1985), was born while Howells was hospitalized in England. She dropped Dorothy and used the byline Elaine Howells during a career in journalism, working as a reporter for Sir Keith Murdoch’s Melbourne Herald, and other Australian papers. She wrote a daily journal traveling from Australia thru Europe in 1939, reaching London before war was declared. While reporting from London, she met and later married an American Eagle Squadron pilot, Hubert L. Stewart. They later settled in California.

Last Years and Death Following his retirement in 1938, Howells quickly left for England and lived in Cambridge in 1938-39. His fluency in German and his travels to Denmark at the outbreak of World War II led to speculation of his involvement in British intelligence operations, though no definitive records confirm this. Other officers operating at boarders with Germany were kidnapped by the Nazis at the same time.

Howells' later years were marked by continued estrangement from his wife. He traveled alone to America twice and visited his daughter’s family in California. He ended up in an old soldiers' home in Heidelberg, outside Melbourne, where he died on 2 June 1959. His body was unclaimed, and he was cremated, his ashes scattered in the home’s rose garden.

Recognition Edward John Howells MC is remembered for his military service and contributions to the engineering efforts of the Australian forces in World War I. His achievements, particularly his role in the first bridging of the River Jordan, remain a significant part of Australia's military history.

Photos Photo - Howells in uniform Photo - AWM Gen Chitwode on bridge AWM/NY Times Photo - Bridge Pontoon at AWM NYTimes Photo NEW SOUTH WALES. 1917-04-30. OFFICERS MESS, ENGINEERS DEPOT, INFANTRY CAMP. AWM

References (AWM = Australian War Memorial Collections) 1- Howells Letters: RSL https://victoriancollections.net.au/items/4f72b87497f83e0308605983 2 - Australian War Memorial Museum - Howells Army records [wiki] 3 - Gallipoli Association's Post: Bio [wiki] 4. AWM Honours and Awards MC Commonwealth of Australia Gazette 23 May 1919 pg 890 position 68 London Gazette 1 January 1919 pg 57 position 6 5 - Nominal Roll: 23/3/15 return to Australia 10/7-1919 AWM 6 - AWM Bio and records 7 - Newspaper items Trove, List of newspapers items about Howells 8 - Photo of typed MC recommendation - AWM 9 - Bio - Gordon School history 10 - War Diary 23d Inf 1915 - AWM 11 - War Diary D Fld Troop - AWM 12. London Gazette - awards 1 Jan 1918 13. Howells letters, RSL Melbourne 14. Aust. Gazette - 1 Sept 1921 To Reserves as Lt. 15. Aust. Engineers in WWI - Gillipoli 16. Offical History of Australian Engineers in the Sinai 17. Elaine's Words, Journal, State Library of Victoria - 1939 18. Official History of Australia in WWI - Bean 19. ANAZC [wiki] - with bridge photo, Amman Raid / Bridging the River 20. Military Medal [wiki] 21. Royal New South Wales Lancers - Bridge 22. Sinai Campaign [wiki] 23. RAAF [wiki] 24. 25. Dawson decorations - Hobart paper - https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/29897922?searchTerm=.