Draft:ECSIUT
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The Eastern Cherokee Southern Iroquois and United Tribes (ECSIUT) is a state
recognized group and 501(c)(3) non profit organization headquartered in Duncan,
South Carolina (1). The organization was awarded the status of state recognized
Indian group by the South Carolina Commission of Minority Affairs in 2005. The
state gave them the state-recognized group and special interest organization
designation under the SC Code Section 1-31-40 (A) (7)(10), Statutory Authority
Chapter 139 (100-111) on February 17, 2005 (2). ECSIUT Officially organized in
1997 as a non-profit Indian association entity under the late Chief William Goins
(3,12). Currently Chief Lamar Nelson and Vice Chief Jody Noe, are the current
executive officials for the Tribe( 4). The ECSIUT are not federally recognized but
are one of two state recognized Cherokee organizations in South Carolina. ECSIUT
are the upstate Cherokees of South Carolina originating from the historical Lower
Towns of the Cherokee (4). Members of the ECSIUT trace their descendances as
requirement for enrollment, as well as having a blood quantum of at least 1/32
Cherokee (4). ECSIUT is organized to preserve, present, protect and document
Cherokee history and other Native American Indian tribes’ cultures and
individuals, material culture, historic buildings, and folkways in South Carolina.
Most importantly, the ECSIUT fosters a Spirit of unified voice among the Native
American communities in South Carolina and to improve the quality of life among
persons of Native American descent. This tribal organization is dedicated to
promoting and creating an awareness of Cherokee and other Native Americans’
arts, history, culture, and its contributions to the development of America and
South Carolina. The Eastern Cherokee, Southern Iroquois, and United Tribes of
South Carolina achieves these goals by promoting the unique culture of Native
Americans and Cherokees through publications, exhibitions, symposiums,
festivals, PowWows, and other activities. Most importantly, the ECSIUT fosters a
Spirit of unified voice among the Native American communities in South Carolina
and to improve the quality of life among persons of Native American descent. In
historic preservation, The Eastern Cherokee, Southern Iroquois & United Tribes of
South Carolina fosters historic preservation of significant Native American Indian
statewide sites and supports preservation of Native American buildings, historic
neighborhood revitalization, and historic markers. ECSIUT is a founding member
of the South Carolina Traditional Arts Network. ECSIUT’s major projects include:
the SC statewide observance of National Native American Indian Heritage Month,
the Native Talent, Inc.; SC American Indian Writers Project; the SC Native
American Traditional Arts Project, and the Annual Native American Indian Film
and Video Festival of the Southeastern United States among others (13,14).
Etymology
[edit]Introduction to the language and syllabary is to introduce the Cherokee 7 clan
system, found only in Cherokee organizations. The clans are Wolf (Ani-Wahya),
Bird (Ani-Tsiskwa), Deer (Ani-Kawai), Twister or Long Hair (Ani-Gilohi), Blue (Blue
Holly) or Bear (Ani-Sahoni), Wild Potato (Ani-Gatogewi), Red Paint (Ani-Wodi);
note that Cherokee etymology is associated with each name. Because of the
differences in each of these clans and their stark contrast to Anglo-American
traditions, one can see how it affected the South Carolina Cherokee social and
cultural structures. According to Crosslin F. Smith, the Spiritual Leader of the
Cherokee Nation, states “Each clan has a specialty – a strong personality or
philosophical approach to life. The ultimate goal is for each person to utilize these
specialties, to learn from them and to employ them in their life.” Animals are
placed as representatives to the clan system for their traits and abilities in their
environment (8).
Wild Potato Clan (Anigodagewi) – is a subdivision of Blind Savannah, derived from
the Small Prairie Animal clan, whereas small prairie animals could exist out in the
open with very little protection and can conceal themselves by blending into their
environment. In reference to the wild potato, clan traits were keepers of the land
and gatherers.
Long Hair Clan (Anigilohi) – is derived from the Panther clan and its Cherokee
name has translated into English as Long Hair, Twister and Stranger clans. A trait
of this clan comes from the panther’s ability to maneuver or get through things. In
reference to long hair, this clan was known to be peaceful. Non-Cherokees,
prisoners of war and orphans were often adopted into this clan, thus the name
“Strangers” clan.
Paint Clan (Aniwodi) – is derived from the Hawk Clan. It was likely translated to
Paint Clan from the Cherokee word uwodi, which is a name for a medicinal and
highly regarded red powder. Paint Clan is historically known as medicine people.
Bird Clan (Anitsisqua) – is named for small birds as representatives of this clan.
They have been regarded as exhibiting strong “moral and relational values” as
they are able to harmoniously coexist in close quarters, eat together and share
shelter and have “societal and relational strengths.” Bird Clan members were
known as messengers. Their subdivisions are Raven, Turtle Dove and Eagle clans.
Deer Clan (Aniawi) – The deer and its hooved relatives such as elk, buffalo and
antelope all share characteristic traits such as “a fleeting instinct, keen senses and
great speed and endurance.” Animal hooves were used to doctor other animals
for different physical conditioning or to improve performance. Deer Clan
members were known for speed and hunting.
Wolf Clan (Aniwaya) – is known to be the largest clan, teaching “family values and
cooperation.” They were known to provide the war chief during the time of a war
chief and peace chief government.
Blue Clan (Anisahoni) – are considered the oldest clan. Its subdivisions are
Panther or Wildcat and Bear clans. They were known to produce special
medicines for the youth. (7)
Traditionally, Cherokees are a matrilineal society. Women were not only the
heads of their households, but also held leadership positions within the tribe. A
child is born into it’s mother’s clan, and people are not allowed to marry within
their clans. Women controlled the clans, inherited all property and field rights,
participated in tribal government and many were war chiefs. Each clan had its’
own responsibility within the tribe. Clan governance and social customs were
observed in a matrilineal order and was governed by an elected Council of
Women that were substantially influential and had the right to declare war. In
short the women owned all the property, the children belonged to their mothers
clan, women held positions in governance, and the field rights of the woman was
handed down from mother to daughter (7,8). In Smith’s book, he states for many
Indian nations, clan systems helped people model personality traits after animals,
which were known as teachers of the natural world. The clan system has provided
moral guidelines, informed Cherokee people’s system of governance and
provided guidelines for marriage (8).
Historic Origins
[edit]The Cherokee Indians of South Carolina have had a continuous presence with the
state of South Carolina since its birth. Over hundreds of years there is continual
documentation since first contact to support this (5). Specific Cherokee
community in Oconee and Pickens counties were the geographic area where the
last treaty with the Cherokee People and South Carolina was signed. It was
focused on and dealing with the 1816/1817 treaty, ten years before the Indian
Removal Act was signed into law by Andrew Jackson (6). Historical Summary is
that our homelands located in the remote and inaccessible area called the
Upstate, or Lower Towns (Villages) of the Cherokee People, has been our
homelands for over 500 years and the modern surnames of families, for at least
225 years (5). In early times most of the families were farmers and lived in rural
communities throughout the state of SC. In keeping with the Cherokee Fall
Festival tradition of celebrating harvest and homecoming. This is held the first
week of October, to this day! During that time the Cherokee People would come
back to gather on our traditional homelands. The genealogical and historic
documentation has been competed for many of these families and currently there
are about 500 Cherokee descendants on the Tribal rolls of the ECSIUT. These
Cherokee descendants had ancestors who resided in numerous Cherokee Lower
Towns of history including: Brasstown, Crane Creek, Chatuga, Chauga, Cherowee,
Coweeshee, Echay, Essenca, Estanely, Estatoe, Tomassee, Toxaway, and Tugaloo
Village.(4) These Cherokee descendants became heirs to an ancient culture and
custodians of the Cherokee Lifeways. The Cherokees of South Carolina continue
the traditions inherited from their forefathers and foremothers. We, the
Cherokees who remained in South Carolina, continue our Lifeways by expressing
ourselves via our cultural art and traditional crafts, folkways and food ways passed
down from our ancient ancestors (10). The Cherokees of South Carolina survived
against many obstacles of systematic disentitlement, institutional prejudice,
structural disenfranchisement, de facto segregation, de jure segregation and
blatant racism during the early 1900s in the “Jim Crow” era and up until
contemporary times of the 21st century and still currently (9).
Native American Origin
[edit]Blood relates many of our members to each other, this is what Tribalism is. We
are also a gathering of loosely coupled families and distinctive social and cultural
organizations which is our clan system. Community of ECSUIT consists of about
540 members, are located throughout the entire state of South Carolina, as well
as adjacent states and outsides of the Carolinas, our ancestral homelands (4).
Although our ancestral homelands of the Lower Towns are in the upstate of South
Carolina, we were also on the coastal areas and across the whole of the state
following the Cherokee Trade Path across the state. ECSUIT core community
descends from a specific remote community on the South Carolina border with
NC and Georgia. This is known and the “Lower Towns” located in the upstate of
South Carolina and Georgia. The border in the county of Oconee made this area
surrounded by the Tugaloo river and the Chauga river, making this the location
that was ideal and safe haven as an isolated settlement during the times of
removal; remembering that South Carolina did not enforce emigration and
deportation of the Cherokees, but also did not honor their treaty with the
creation of reserves for the Tribe (6,11). Therefore, we had to create our own safe
havens once removed from our country. This area was suitable for farming,
raising tobacco and other crops, which became our community’s economic
substance for the past 200 years. From the 1500s the Cherokees have occupied
the extreme northwestern portion of South Carolina in present day Oconee,
Pickens, Anderson, and Greenville counties. During the colonial period the
Cherokees dominated the Midlands and the Upstate regions of South Carolina
with many of these Native American descendants still residing in these same
areas (4,11).
Government
[edit]ECSIUT currently has a lifetime appointment for the position of Chief and Vice
Chief with an appointed Tribal Council in the 21st century. Currently, Chief Lamar
Nelson and Vice Chief Jody E. Noe, are the executive council for the Tribe.
Historically the Tribe has had several Chiefs in the 20th century including patriarch
and traditional herbalist Alexander Doc Allen (1868-1935) and his parents Foch
Allen and Martha Oglesby.
Historical Chiefs of the South Carolina Cherokees: Chickamauga Cherokees
[edit]Chickamauga/Lower Cherokee (1777–1809) In 1777, Dragging Canoe and a large
body of Cherokee, primarily from Tennessee, separated from the bands that had
signed treaties of peace with the Americans during the American Revolution. They
migrated first to the Chickamauga (now Chattanooga, Tennessee) region, then to
the " Five Lower Towns" area of South Carolina in order to continue fighting (see
Cherokee–American wars). In time, these Chickamauga Cherokee comprised a
majority of the nation, due to both sympathy with their cause and the destruction
of the homes of other Cherokee who later joined them. (5,11)
These are the historical Chiefs of the South Carolina Cherokees:
Dragging Canoe (1777–1792)
John Watts (1792–1802)
Doublehead, brother of Old Tassel (1802–1807)
The Glass, or Ta'gwadihi (1807–1809)
See Also:
Other Cherokee Tribal Groups in other states:
Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokee
Lucian Lamar Sneed, Pd.D. Executive Director
State Recognized Ga Code OCGA 44-12-300
a/k/a Georgia Cherokee Indians
State Recognized Ga Code OCGA 44-12-300
P.O. Box 1915
Cumming, Georgia 30028
ECHOTA CHEROKEE TRIBE OF ALABAMA
PERRY WHITE, CHIEF
59 HWY 487
VANDIVER AL 35176
(205) 672-0361
CHEROKEE TRIBE OF NORTHEAST ALABAMA
CHARLENE TUCKALEECHE STORY, CHIEF
53 BUCKWORTH CIRCLE TRAFFORD AL 35172 (205) 681-0080 E-MAIL:
WEB SITE: http://www.tsalagi.org/
CHEROKEES OF SOUTHEAST ALABAMA
RAYMOND (DICK) HULL, CHIEF
2212 50TH ST
VALLEY AL 36854
(334) 756-2889
UNITED CHEROKEE INTERTRIBAL
GINA WILLIAMSON, CHIEF
P.O. BOX 754
GUNTERVILLE, AL 35976
(256) 878-6021
Chikamaka-Cherokees
Principal Chief,Tim Meeks; Gvnidigardi
PO Box 201 Tracy City, TN 37387 http://www.chikamaka.org/
Western Cherokee Nation of Arkansas & Missouri
776 HWY 351
Paragould, AR 72450
Western Cherokee Nation of Arkansas & Missouri
200 North Rockingchair Road
Paragould, Arkansas 72450
Ph: (870) 239-5174, Fax: (870) 239-9974
Charles Jahtlohi Rogers M.D.
Traditional Chief and Ugu
Cherokee Nation of Mexico
http://www.cherokeenationmexico.com/
Government Records:
Bureau of Indian Affairs: Established in 1824, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
was the onetime repository for a variety of historical records. However, many of
these records now belong to the National Archives. Still, you can contact regional
BIA offices and request what information they may still have on file. Be prepared
to provide as much information as you can about your ancestors’ tribal
affiliations. For contact information, visit the BIA website:
http://www.doi.gov/bureau-indian-affairs.html Archived 2007-11-29 at the Wayback Machine
U.S. Federal Census: Not to be confused with Indian reservation census lists, the
U.S. Federal Census began incorporating American Indian communities in 1860.
Transitional censuses (most dating from 1880 to 1890) are among the most
valuable censuses available. They included Indian names alongside corresponding
American names as well as information ranging from native languages to
American Indian blood degree. To access ancestry.com website's census collection
http://www.ancestry.families.aol.com/search/rectype/census/main.htm
Dawes Commission Index: The Dawes Act of 1893 reapportioned land belonging to
the Five Civilized Tribes Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw and Seminole.
Members of each tribe could apply for a portion of this land after submitting
proof of tribal enrollment. The Dawes Commission listed the names of those who
enrolled between 1896 and 1914.To access the Dawes Commission Index on
Ancestry.com: http://www.ancestry.families.aol.com/search/rectype/inddbs/3118
The Hudson’s Bay Company: Founded by British-Scotch fur traders in Canada
around 1670. Hudson’s Bay company preserved records for local Indian marriages
and baptisms along with journals obtained from traveling fur traders (who spent
a great deal of time with American and Canadian tribes). More detailed than
average government records, these documents are now housed at the Hudson’s
Bay Archives in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. For more information about the
Hudson’s Bay Company Archives visit their
website: http://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/archives/hbca/
The National Archives: With its main office located in Washington D.C., the
National Archives is easily the nation’s largest repository for American Indian
genealogical records. The records encompass a variety of topics ranging from
Indian trade, reservation censuses, treaties, land claims and education. To visit
The National Archives website: http://www.archives.gov/
External Links
[edit]http://www.clemson.edu/centers-
institutes/tourism/research/scnative/index.html
http://www.southcarolinaparks.com/historic-sites/native-american/default.aspx
https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Old_Cherokee_Path
http://shpo.sc.gov/res/native/Pages/naresourses.aspx
Cherokee Heritage Trails http://www.cherokeeheritagetrails.org/
Museum of the Cherokee Nation South Carolina
Gilcrease Museum
Frank H. McClung Museum
http://www.state.tn.us/environment/parks/loudoun/index.html
Fort Loudon State Historic Area http://fortloudoun.com/
http://www.travelsc.com/cgi-bin/parks/StateParkDetail.cfm?ID=36
Oconee Station State Historic Site
http://www.southcarolinaparks.com/park-finder/state-park/1887.aspx
http://www.travelsc.com/cgi-bin/parks/StateParkDetail.cfm?ID=24
Keowee-Toxaway State Natural Area
http://www.southcarolinaparks.com/park-finder/state-park/972.aspx
http://www.nationalregister.sc.gov/calhoun/S10817709006/index.htm
http://www.scwildlife.com/pubs/novdec2011/key.html
http://www.discoversouthcarolina.com/Insider/Less_Traveled_2010/Stories/285
http://www.cherokeeheritagetrails.org/
http://ncartstrails.org/cherokeeheritage/Home.aspx
http://www.americanheritage.com/content/guide-historic-sites-north-carolina
References
[edit]1. “Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible to Receive Services from the
United States Bureau of Indian Affairs. Indian Affairs Bureau .Federal
Register.
2. "South Carolina's Recognized Native American Indian Entities | Commission
for Minority Affairs". cma.sc.gov. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
3. "EASTERN CHEROKEE, SOUTHERN IROQUOIS & UNITED TRIBES OF SOUTH
CAROLINA, A HERITAGE SOCIETY: THE CHEROKEE INDIAN TRIBE OF SOUTH
CAROLINA, INC". OpenCorporates. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
6. https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-cherokee-1816-0133
7. https://www.cherokeephoenix.org/culture/inner-workings-of-the-
cherokee-clan-system/article_410e317c-4682-11ed-9922-
8. “Original Teachings: Designed to Stand as One”, Smith, Crossliin F. Dog
Soldier Press, NM,2021.
10. https://www.knowitall.org/document/cherokee-foodways-south-carolina-digital-traditions
11. https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/news/2019/11/29/the-land-
beside-water-cherokee-history-upstate-sc-golden-corner/4157612002/
12. "Obituary of Dr. William Moreau Goins". https://www.legacy.com/. Retrieved 21 October
2019.
13. Video for the Annual Native Film Festival, which celebrates 17 years here in
Columbia and in SE of the US
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3iblhOlgLY
14. https://www.onecolumbiasc.com/organization/eastern-cherokee-
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