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Draft:Benedict Michael

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Benedict Michael
NationalityBritish
Scientific career
FieldsEncephalitis, Acquired Brain Injury, Narrative medicine, Global Health, Patient and Public Involvement.
InstitutionsThe Encephalitis Society, The University of Liverpool Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology
Thesis The Role of Written Narratives in the Recovery of People Affected by Encephalitis  (2014)
Doctoral advisorKarl Atkin

Benedict Michael is a medical doctor, consultant neurologist, and researcher who specialises in neurological infection and inflammation. He is considered a leading expert in his field of neurology.  He is a professor of neurology at the University of Liverpool and an honorary consultant neurologist at the Walton Centre.

Education

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After graduating from the University of Liverpool with a degree in medicine and surgery, Michael undertook his PhD in Neuroimmunology in 2014. In 2018, he completed postdoctoral training at the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital,[1] and Harvard Medical School, where he developed an intravital microscopy model of viral encephalitis to image leucocyte migration into the brain in real-time. In 2022, Michael was awarded a Fellowship of the Royal College of Physicians (FRCP).  

Career

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Michael has been Director of the Infection Neuroscience Lab at the University of Liverpool since 2021.  

Building on his work at Harvard, Michael identified the immune protein critical for recruiting a damaging immune cell into the brain. Blocking this protein reduced brain swelling and improved outcomes.[2] As a result, he received The Liversage Award for Neurology (NENA)[3] and the Vera Down Award for Neuroscience[4] from the British Medical Association.

In 2013, Michael developed and evaluated a lumbar puncture pack,[5] which was subsequently endorsed by the National Patient Safety Agency. This pack has been the central intervention in the UK since 2018[6] and forms the basis of an international care quality improvement program in India, Brazil and Malawi.[7]

Michael established the National Neurological Infectious Disease Advice Service (NIDAS)[8] in 2018, through which clinical advice on the investigation and management of patients with nervous system infections is provided. He also helped develop the Queen Square Encephalitis MDT in 2018,[9] which provides multidisciplinary guidance on management and collects data on emergent phenotypes and treatment paradigms.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Michael re-focused his research and established the National Surveillance Programme for Neurological Complications, CoroNerve.[10][11][12] This was a collaboration of the UK's professional neuroscience bodies,[13][14][15] including the Royal College of Psychiatrists and the Association of British Neurologists. It was the first nation-wide study published on the neurological impacts of COVID-19, establishing that the virus is associated with a spectrum of neurological manifestations, particularly brain inflammation.[16] This work informed the development of the WHO Screening Checklist.

Since 2020, Michael has been a founding member and co-Director of the Global Neuro Research Coalition[17] which facilitates international collaborations on infection neurology research, including COVID-19.[18]

He has influenced the international research agenda through his work on the World Health Organisation (WHO) Expert Panel on COVID-19 Neurology as part of the WHO’s Brain Health Unit.[19] He has also led the WHO Global Brain Health Clinical Exchange Platform[20] and co-chaired the Acute Care Task Force for the Global COVID-Neuro Coalition.[21]

In 2020, Michael was awarded the UKRI programme grant (£2.3m) to study the mechanisms of neurological complications in patients. The COVID-19 Clinical Neuroscience Study (COVID-CNS)[22] jointly led with Professor Gerome Breen at King’s College London, is part of the COVID-19 section of the NIHR BioResource.[23]  

As Honorary Faculty for the Royal College of Physicians, Michael has helped lead its Millennium Development Goals educations program in West Africa.

For over 10 years, Michael has developed and led the NeuroPACES training program,[24] training over 1,300 junior doctors to pass the MRCP examination. This course has, in turn, generated both the funding and the tutors needed to run a free parallel program of clinical neurological infection training in Zambia and Mozambique.[25] In 2019, his team received the British Medical Association Doctors as Volunteers Commendation,[26] and they were the finalists for the Royal College of Physicians Excellence in Education Award in 2020.[27]

Michael sits on the advisory panel for the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), supporting the implementation of existing and novel therapeutic agents for neurological complications of COVID-19. He also advises the Academy of Medical Sciences (UK) on research priorities for neurological and mental health complications of COVID-19.

Michael is the Vice Chair of the Encephalitis Society's Scientific Advisory Panel[28] (recipient of the Charity Times Award, 2019) and an expert advisor for the Meningitis Research Foundation,[29] both of which support affected individuals while promoting globally focused prospective research funding.

He has appeared in numerous webinars, podcasts and Interviews to disseminate his work outside of the academic community, including interviews for the BBC, CNN, The Times, The Telegraph and the Washington Post. Michael was also Guest Editor on the UK television program Hollyoaks on Channel 4.[30][31]

Research and publications

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Michael’s research focuses on the intersection of neuroscience and infection, investigating the impact of infection on the brain not just clinically but also at immunological, virological, genetic, and neuroimaging levels. He published the first nationwide clinico-epidemiologic study, establishing the UK as at the forefront of the understanding the impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the brain.[16][18][32][33][34] It has been recognised that viral infection of non-Central Nervous System (CNS) organs, such as the lungs, can drive a parainfectious immune- inflammatory response in the brain without CNS infection. Michael identified this phenomenon during the H1N1 pandemic; however, cases were too rare to study disease mechanisms in detail.[35]  

While working with the WHO, Michael’s research directly informed the development of the WHO Screening Checklist for COVID-19 in patients presenting with neurological complications of COVID-19 and the WHO Scientific Brief on COVID-19 neurology.[36][37]

In collaboration with UK Health Security Agency (previously Public Health England), Michael has led an epidemiological study evaluating the incidence of neurological complications associated with the varicella zoster virus.  

His work has been published in The Lancet,[16][32][33] Brain Communications,[34] PLoS One,[6][38] Journal of the Neurological Sciences,[39] Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry,[12] and Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences.[40]

References

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  1. ^ "Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases". Massachusetts General Hospital. Archived from the original on 2024-07-11. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  2. ^ Michael, Benedict D.; Bricio-Moreno, Laura; Sorensen, Elizabeth W.; Miyabe, Yoshishige; Lian, Jeffrey; Solomon, Tom; Kurt-Jones, Evelyn A.; Luster, Andrew D. (September 2020). "Astrocyte- and Neuron-Derived CXCL1 Drives Neutrophil Transmigration and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Viral Encephalitis". Cell Reports. 32 (11): 108150. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108150. PMC 7548103. PMID 32937134.
  3. ^ "NENA 2024". www.nena.org.uk. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  4. ^ "BMA Foundation - Research funding". www.bmafoundationmr.org.uk. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  5. ^ Michael, Benedict Daniel; Powell, Graham; Curtis, Sarah; Bailey, Lisa; Almond, Solomon; McGill, Fiona; Cousins, David; Hart, Ian J; Griffiths, Michael; Kneen, Rachel; Solomon, Tom (May 2013). "Improving the diagnosis of central nervous system infections in adults through introduction of a simple lumbar puncture pack". Emergency Medicine Journal. 30 (5): 402–405. doi:10.1136/emermed-2012-201248. ISSN 1472-0205. PMID 22707473.
  6. ^ a b Backman, Ruth; Foy, Robbie; Diggle, Peter J.; Kneen, Rachel; Easton, Ava; Defres, Sylviane; McGill, Fiona; Michael, Benedict Daniel; Solomon, Tom; on behalf of the ENCEPH UK Programme Steering Committee (2018-12-06). Taheri, Shahrad (ed.). "A pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of a tailored intervention to improve the initial management of suspected encephalitis". PLOS ONE. 13 (12): e0202257. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1302257B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202257. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6283633. PMID 30521521.
  7. ^ "NIHR awards £2m funding for communities and researchers to work together to tackle health and care challenges | NIHR". www.nihr.ac.uk. 2024-12-12. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  8. ^ "Neurological Infectious Disease Advice Service - Neurosciences Research Unit - University of Liverpool". www.liverpool.ac.uk. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  9. ^ Bharucha, Tehmina; Brown, Rachel L.; Marcoci, Cristina; Benjamin, Laura; Hoskote, Chandrashekar; McNamara, Patricia; Spillane, Jennifer; Zandi, Michael S.; Manji, Hadi (October 2023). "The Queen Square Encephalitis Multidisciplinary Team Meeting - experience over three years, pre and post the COVID-19 pandemic". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 453: 120771. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2023.120771. PMC 10951958. PMID 37793287.
  10. ^ "Coronerve Acquisition - supporttheworkers.org". 2023-10-04. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  11. ^ Glavin, Diarmuid; Kelly, Denise; Wood, Greta Karen; McCausland, Beth MS; Ellul, Mark Alexander; Varatharaj, Aravinthan; Galea, Ian; Thomas, Rhys Huw; Michael, Benedict Daniel; Gallen, Brian (September 2021). "COVID-19 Encephalitis with SARS-CoV-2 Detected in Cerebrospinal Fluid Presenting as a Stroke Mimic". Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 30 (9): 105915. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105915. PMC 8165128. PMID 34217071.
  12. ^ a b Van Den Tooren, Harriett; Ellul, Mark A; Davies, Nicholas WS; Easton, Ava; Vincent, Angela; Solomon, Tom; Michael, Benedict Daniel (November 2020). "Standing on the shoulders of giants: 100 years of neurology and epidemic infections". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 91 (11): 1129–1131. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2020-324366. ISSN 0022-3050. PMC 7569382. PMID 32958721.
  13. ^ "Homepage". NACCS. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  14. ^ "Stroke Association / Finding strength through support". www.stroke.org.uk. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  15. ^ "British Paediatric Neurology Association". bpna.org.uk. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  16. ^ a b c Ellul, Mark A; Benjamin, Laura; Singh, Bhagteshwar; Lant, Suzannah; Michael, Benedict Daniel; Easton, Ava; Kneen, Rachel; Defres, Sylviane; Sejvar, Jim; Solomon, Tom (September 2020). "Neurological associations of COVID-19". The Lancet Neurology. 19 (9): 767–783. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30221-0. PMC 7332267. PMID 32622375.
  17. ^ Winkler, Andrea Sylvia; Knauss, Samuel; Schmutzhard, Erich; Leonardi, Matilde; Padovani, Alessandro; Abd-Allah, Foad; Charway-Felli, Augustina; Emmrich, Julius Valentin; Umapathi, Thirugnanam; Satishchandra, Parthasarthy; Hoo, Fan Kee; Dalmau, Josep; Oreja-Guevara, Celia; Ferreira, Maria Lúcia Brito; Pfausler, Bettina (June 2020). "A call for a global COVID-19 Neuro Research Coalition". The Lancet Neurology. 19 (6): 482–484. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30150-2. PMC 7250549. PMID 32470416.
  18. ^ a b Beghi, Ettore; Michael, Benedict D.; Solomon, Tom; Westenberg, Erica; Winkler, Andrea S.; Global COVID-19 Neuro Research Coalition (June 2021). "Approaches to Understanding COVID -19 and its Neurological Associations". Annals of Neurology. 89 (6): 1059–1067. doi:10.1002/ana.26076. ISSN 0364-5134. PMC 8250622. PMID 33836104.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ "Brain health". www.who.int. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  20. ^ "Global Brain Health Clinical Exchange Platform • Brain Infections Global". braininfectionsglobal.tghn.org. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  21. ^ "Global Neuro Research Coalition - Neurosciences Research Unit - University of Liverpool". www.liverpool.ac.uk. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  22. ^ "COVID-19 Clinical Neuroscience Study (COVID-CNS) - COVID-19 Clinical Neuroscience Study (COVID-CNS) - University of Liverpool". www.liverpool.ac.uk. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  23. ^ "NIHR BioResource Home Page". bioresource.nihr.ac.uk. 2024-12-10. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  24. ^ "NeuroPACES NeuroPACES- MRCP PACES Neurology Course- Neurosciences Research Unit - University of Liverpool". www.liverpool.ac.uk. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  25. ^ Mohammadi, Dara (December 2014). "NeuroAccess: breaking the cycle in resource-poor settings". The Lancet Neurology. 13 (12): 1170–1171. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70273-X. PMID 25453454.
  26. ^ "Volunteering abroad as a doctor". The British Medical Association is the trade union and professional body for doctors in the UK. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  27. ^ "The 2020 Excellence in Patient Care Awards shortlist is announced". www.rcp.ac.uk. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  28. ^ "Professor Benedict Michael MBChB (Hons), FRCP (Neurol), PhD". Encephalitis International. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  29. ^ "Home". www.meningitis.org. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  30. ^ "2018 - Hollyoaks". Encephalitis International. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  31. ^ "Brain Injury Hub | The Children's Trust". www.thechildrenstrust.org.uk. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  32. ^ a b Varatharaj, Aravinthan; Pollak, Thomas A; Nicholson, Timothy R; Coles, Jonathan P; Benjamin, Laura A; Carson, Alan; Thomas, Rhys H; Michael, Benedict D; Davies, Nicholas WS; Breen, Gerome; Zandi, Michael; Ellul, Mark A; Thomas, Naomi; Tenorio, Elizabeth L; Sultan, Mustafa (November 2020). "Characterising neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with COVID-19 – Authors' reply". The Lancet Psychiatry. 7 (11): 934–935. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30420-X. PMC 7561324. PMID 33069310.
  33. ^ a b Ray, Stephen T J; Abdel-Mannan, Omar; Sa, Mario; Fuller, Charlotte; Wood, Greta K; Pysden, Karen; Yoong, Michael; McCullagh, Helen; Scott, David; McMahon, Martin; Thomas, Naomi; Taylor, Micheal; Illingworth, Marjorie; McCrea, Nadine; Davies, Victoria (September 2021). "Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children and adolescents in the UK: a prospective national cohort study". The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 5 (9): 631–641. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00193-0. PMC 8279959. PMID 34273304.
  34. ^ a b Ross Russell, Amy L; Hardwick, Marc; Jeyanantham, Athavan; White, Laura M; Deb, Saumitro; Burnside, Girvan; Joy, Harriet M; Smith, Craig J; Pollak, Thomas A; Nicholson, Timothy R; Davies, Nicholas W S; Manji, Hadi; Easton, Ava; Ray, Stephen; Zandi, Michael S (2021-07-01). "Spectrum, risk factors and outcomes of neurological and psychiatric complications of COVID-19: a UK-wide cross-sectional surveillance study". Brain Communications. 3 (3): fcab168. doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcab168. ISSN 2632-1297. PMC 8364668. PMID 34409289.
  35. ^ Goenka, Anu; Michael, Benedict D.; Ledger, Elizabeth; Hart, Ian J.; Absoud, Michael; Chow, Gabriel; Lilleker, James; Lunn, Michael; McKee, David; Peake, Deirdre; Pysden, Karen; Roberts, Mark; Carrol, Enitan D.; Lim, Ming; Avula, Shivaram (2014-03-15). "Neurological Manifestations of Influenza Infection in Children and Adults: Results of a National British Surveillance Study". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 58 (6): 775–784. doi:10.1093/cid/cit922. ISSN 1537-6591. PMID 24352349.
  36. ^ "COVID-19 Clinical management" (PDF).
  37. ^ "Neurology and COVID-19: Scientific brief" (PDF).
  38. ^ Duff, Eugene; Zelaya, Fernando; Almagro, Fidel Alfaro; Miller, Karla L.; Martin, Naomi; Nichols, Thomas E.; Taschler, Bernd; Griffanti, Ludovica; Arthofer, Christoph; Douaud, Gwenaëlle; Wang, Chaoyue; Okell, Thomas W.; Bethlehem, Richard A. I.; Eickel, Klaus; Günther, Matthias (2022-09-29). Yap, Pew-Thian (ed.). "Reliability of multi-site UK Biobank MRI brain phenotypes for the assessment of neuropsychiatric complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection: The COVID-CNS travelling heads study". PLOS ONE. 17 (9): e0273704. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1773704D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0273704. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 9522299. PMID 36173949.
  39. ^ Tamborska, A.A.; Wood, G.K.; Westenberg, E.; Garcia-Azorin, D.; Webb, G.; Schiess, N.; Netravathi, M.; Baykan, B.; Dervaj, R.; Helbok, R.; Lant, S.; Özge, A.; Padovani, A.; Saylor, D.; Schmutzhard, E. (June 2023). "Global uncertainty in the diagnosis of neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection by both neurologists and non-neurologists: An international inter-observer variability study". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 449: 120646. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2023.120646. PMC 10085971. PMID 37100018.
  40. ^ Michael, Benedict D.; Walton, Dean; Westenberg, Erica; García-Azorín, David; Singh, Bhagteshwar; Tamborska, Arina A.; Netravathi, M.; Chomba, Mashina; Wood, Greta K.; Easton, Ava; Siddiqi, Omar K.; Jackson, Thomas A.; Pollak, Thomas A.; Nicholson, Timothy R.; Nair, Shalini (January 2023). "Consensus Clinical Guidance for Diagnosis and Management of Adult COVID-19 Encephalopathy Patients". The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 35 (1): 12–27. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.22010002. ISSN 0895-0172. PMID 35872617.
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