Draft:Bakhchisarai campaign
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| Bakhchisarai Campaign | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Crimean-Circassian Wars | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Kabardia (East Circassia) |
 Crimean Khanate | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Talostan Dzhanhotov[3] | Sahib Giray[4] | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Up to 3,000 cavalry[5] | About 10,000 soldiers | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Minimal | Unknown | ||||||
The Bakhchisarai Campaign was a major military action during the Crimean-Circassian Wars. From the formation of the Crimean Khanate, and especially after its inclusion in the Ottoman Empire, it became a powerful neighbor that posed a significant threat to the Circassian states of the North Caucasus. For centuries, Kabarda fought for independence from the imperial ambitions of the Crimean Girays.[6]
Course of the Campaign
[edit]In the spring or summer of 1535, Kabardian leader Talostan Dzhanhotov organized a daring attack on the Crimean Khanate. His forces crossed the Kerch Strait with the help of a naval fleet, an unusual and risky decision, as Circassians typically conducted raids in winter when the strait froze over.[7] Dzhanhotov decided to take advantage of the spring-summer period, requiring a naval fleet to transport his army.
After crossing the strait, Kabardian forces reached Bakhchisarai and besieged the capital of the Crimean Khanate. The local Ottoman garrisons were unable to resist effectively, and the Crimean Khan, Sahib Giray, was forced to pay a significant ransom, including 100 wagons of fine fabrics.[8]
Significance and Consequences
[edit]The campaign demonstrated Kabarda's growing military strength and its ability to challenge a major power like the Crimean Khanate. It also strengthened Dzhanhotov's political position within Kabarda. The successful raid weakened the Crimean Khanate's influence over the North Caucasus and boosted Kabardian prestige.[9]
In response, the Crimean Khans were forced to reinforce their defenses on the Taman Peninsula and in Crimea itself, to prevent future incursions. Despite Kabarda's success, the Crimean Khanate remained a significant power on the Black Sea coast until its eventual annexation by the Russian Empire in the late 18th century.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ Kozhev, Z.A. (2018). "Bakhchisarai Campaign: The Problem of Dating". KBIHR Bulletin. 4 (39): 45–54. doi:10.31007/2306-5826-2018-4-39-45-54.
- ^ Kardengush, Z. (2009). The History of the Kabardians. Nalchik: Elbrus Publishing House. pp. 273–280.
- ^ Kardengush, Z. (2009). The History of the Kabardians. Nalchik: Elbrus Publishing House. pp. 273–280.
- ^ "Crimean Khans". Encyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2024-10-20.
- ^ Nekrasov, A.M. (1990-07-15). "Crimean-Circassian Wars". Kavkazskaya Pravda.
- ^ Kozhev, Z.A. (2018). "Bakhchisarai Campaign: The Problem of Dating". KBIHR Bulletin. 4 (39): 45–54. doi:10.31007/2306-5826-2018-4-39-45-54.
- ^ Mirzoev, A.S. (2014). Maritime Traditions of the Northwest Caucasus. World History. pp. 3–10.
- ^ Kozhev, Z.A. (2018). "Bakhchisarai Campaign: The Problem of Dating". KBIHR Bulletin. 4 (39): 45–54. doi:10.31007/2306-5826-2018-4-39-45-54.
- ^ Karamzin, M.N. (1988). History of the Russian State. Vol. 7. Moscow University Press. pp. 77–78.
- ^ "History of the Crimean Khanate". History.ru. Retrieved 2024-10-20.