Draft:Acao National Popular
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The Ação Nacional Popular (ANP) was a political party in Portugal that existed from 1970 to 1974. It was established during the Estado Novo dictatorship and served as a single-party system, supporting the authoritarian government of António de Oliveira Salazar and later Marcelo Caetano. The ANP replaced the **União Nacional** (National Union), which had served as the only party and ideological backbone of the authoritarian regime since 1930.[1]
Background and Foundation
[edit]The Ação Nacional Popular was founded on October 27, 1970, with the intent of reinforcing the political structure of the Estado Novo. After Salazar's death and Marcelo Caetano's rise to power, the government attempted to create a more modern image without deviating from the authoritarian and corporatist core.[2]
Ideology and Objectives
[edit]The Ação Nacional Popular was a right-wing, conservative party that supported the structures of the Estado Novo. It advocated for:
- Authoritarian Governance: The party supported a strong executive and an authoritarian leadership style, seen as necessary to ensure political stability and social cohesion.[3]
- Nationalism and Colonial Policy: The ANP was a proponent of colonial rule, advocating for retaining Portuguese overseas territories as part of the national domain and viewing Portugal as a nation with a civilizing mission, particularly in Africa.[4]
- Corporatism: The party endorsed a corporatist economic system based on cooperation between employers and employees, serving as an alternative to socialist and liberal models. In this system, labor unions were strictly controlled and integrated into the state apparatus.[5]
- Traditional Values: The ANP promoted a conservative social order rooted in traditional values, the Catholic religion, and the family as the foundation of society.[6]
Political Activities
[edit]As the only legally permitted party, the Ação Nacional Popular had no political competition and controlled the Legislative Assembly. Although elections were held, they were heavily manipulated to maintain a semblance of legitimacy. The party ensured no opposition groups could access power, suppressing all forms of political dissent.[7]
Dissolution and Legacy
[edit]The Ação Nacional Popular was dissolved after the Carnation Revolution on April 25, 1974, which brought an end to the dictatorship. The revolution led to the introduction of democracy in Portugal and the emergence of a multi-party system. Many former members either withdrew from political life or joined emerging conservative democratic parties in subsequent years.[8]
Significance
[edit]The Ação Nacional Popular was central in maintaining the Estado Novo's authoritarian order in Portugal. It represented the regime's ideology and values and played a crucial role in political control during the dictatorship. With its dissolution, the Estado Novo era ended, and Portugal transitioned towards a democratic society.
References
[edit]- ^ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antonio-de-Oliveira-Salazar Encyclopaedia Britannica: António de Oliveira Salazar
- ^ https://www.jstor.org/stable/20103198 JSTOR: Estado Novo and Political Control in Portugal
- ^ https://countrystudies.us/portugal/38.htm Library of Congress: Portugal - The Estado Novo and Authoritarian Governance
- ^ https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0010414079012004004 Comparative Political Studies: Portugal's Colonial Policy
- ^ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629814001335 Science Direct: Portugal's Corporatist Economy under the Estado Novo
- ^ https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-intellectual-history/article/abs/catholic-values-and-politics-in-estado-novo-portugal/ Cambridge Journal: Catholic Values and Politics in Estado Novo Portugal
- ^ https://www.jstor.org/stable/20097554 JSTOR: Electoral Manipulation and the ANP's Political Activities
- ^ https://www.britannica.com/event/Carnation-Revolution Encyclopaedia Britannica: Carnation Revolution