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Doryctinae

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Doryctinae
Female doryctine ovipositing on beetle larvae inside wood
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Braconidae
Subfamily: Doryctinae
Foerster, 1863
Genera

Numerous (almost 180), see text

The Doryctinae or doryctine wasps are a large subfamily of parasitoid wasps within the family Braconidae.[1]

Description and identification

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Heterospilus eurostae, male

Doryctine wasps are found across almost the entire size range of Braconidae, from 1 to 25 mm. In the small species the head tends to be relatively large and the body, while slender, remarkably elongated. Doryctines tend to be small-winged, with many having very much reduced wings. Numerous species in this family are unable to fly or even lack wings entirely. They have a characteristic row of stout spines running lengthwise along the foreleg tibia, and a cyclostome depression above the mandibles.[2]

Distribution

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Doryctinae have a worldwide distribution except for the polar regions.[2]

Biology

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Some Doryctinae are known to form galls on plants similar to the Mesostoinae (a small subfamily endemic to Australia).[3] Some species in the genus Allorhogas feed on seeds.[2] The large majority of doryctines are idiobiont ectoparasitoids of the larvae of wood-boring beetles – such as jewel beetles (Buprestidae). Some species parasitize lepidopteran or symphytan larvae. The host is paralyzed by venom injected through the female's ovipositor before an egg is laid.[2] The spines present on the foreleg of the adult enable it to escape from the narrow wooden tunnels of the hosts.

Biological control

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Doryctines have been used to control pests in Europe, Australia, and North America. Several doryctine wasps are of economic importance as biocontrol agents in Australia against eucalyptus pests.[4] The species Spathius agrili has been introduced to the United States from China in an effort to control the emerald ash borer.[5]

Taxonomy and phylogeny

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Doryctinae is considered to be part of the cyclostome group, a clade of subfamilies including Alysiinae, Betylobraconinae, Braconinae, Gnamptodontinae, Exothecinae, Hormiinae, Lysiterminae, Opiinae, Pambolinae, Rogadinae, Rhysipolinae, and Rhyssalinae.[6]

16 tribes of Doryctinae have been designated.[1][7][8] The former subfamily Ypsistocerinae has been subsumed under Doryctinae as one of these tribes, Ypsistocerini.[9][8]

Doryctinae comprises over 2000 species in 198 genera, with new taxa continuing to be described.[1][10] 182 of the genera placed in the Doryctinae include:

Tribe Binareini

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Tribe Doryctini

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Tribe Ecphylini

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Tribe Evaniodini

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Tribe Hecabolini

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Tribe Heterospilini

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Tribe Holcobraconini

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Tribe Labaniini

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Tribe Leptospathiini

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Tribe Mononeurini

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Tribe Percnobraconini

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Tribe Rhaconotini

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Tribe Sericobraconini

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Tribe Siragrini

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Tribe Spathiini

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Tribe Ypsistocerini

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Tribal placement unknown

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Edmardash, Yusuf A.; El-Ghiet, Usama M. Abu; Soliman, Ahmed M.; Al-Fifi, Zarrag I. A.; Gadallah, Neveen S. (2020). "First contribution to the doryctine fauna (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae) of Farasan Archipelago, Saudi Arabia, with new records and the description of a new species". ZooKeys (977): 41–74. Bibcode:2020ZooK..977...41E. doi:10.3897/zookeys.977.56314.
  2. ^ a b c d Marsh, Paul M. (1997). "Subfamily Doryctinae". In Wharton, Robert A.; Marsh, Paul M.; Sharkey, Michael J. (eds.). Manual of the New World Genera of the Family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) (PDF). Washington, D.C.: The International Society of Hymenopterists. p. 207-233. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 Aug 2023.
  3. ^ Samacá-Sáenz, Ernesto; Meza-Lázaro, Rubi N.; Branstetter, Michael G.; Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2019-11-17). "Phylogenomics and mitochondrial genome evolution of the gall-associated doryctine wasp genera (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)". Systematics and Biodiversity. 17 (8): 731–744. Bibcode:2019SyBio..17..731S. doi:10.1080/14772000.2019.1685608. ISSN 1477-2000. S2CID 213816441.
  4. ^ Stevens, N.B.; Iqbal, M; Austin, A.D.; Jennings, J.T. (2008). "Subfamily Doryctinae". Australian Faunal Directory. Archived from the original on 24 May 2015.
  5. ^ Gould, Juli; Bauer, Leah, "Biological Control of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis)" (PDF), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), United States Department of Agriculture, archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2011, retrieved 28 April 2011
  6. ^ Sharanowski, Barbara J.; Dowling, Ashley P. G.; Sharkey, Michael J. (2011). "Molecular phylogenetics of Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea), based on multiple nuclear genes, and implications for classification". Systematic Entomology. 36 (3): 549–572. Bibcode:2011SysEn..36..549S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00580.x. S2CID 52226040.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Belokobylskij, Sergey A. (2011). "Review of the genus Stephanospathius Belokobylskij, 1992 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with discussion of their tribal position". ZooKeys (118): 1–17. Bibcode:2011ZooK..118....1B. doi:10.3897/zookeys.118.914.
  8. ^ a b "Taxa: Doryctinae". MBD Database. OSU. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
  9. ^ a b c d e Quicke, Donald L.J.; Bitcher, Buntika A. (2015). "Preembobracon gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae: Ypsistocerini: Embobraconina) from Brazil". Zootaxa. 4000 (2): 275–280. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4000.2.5. PMID 26623614.
  10. ^ Braet, Yves (2016). "Doryctinae". Key to the genera of Doryctinae of the world. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
  11. ^ Wang, Man-man; Tan, Jiang-li; He, Jun-Hua; Chen, Xue-xin (9 November 2009). "The genus Eodendrus Belokobylskij (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae) from China, with description of a new species". ZooKeys (27): 43–50. Bibcode:2009ZooK...27...43W. doi:10.3897/zookeys.27.252.
  12. ^ a b c d e Marsh, Paul M.; Wild, Alexander L.; Whitfield, James B. (2013). "The Doryctinae (Braconidae) of Costa Rica: genera and species of the tribe Heterospilini". ZooKeys (347): 1–474. Bibcode:2013ZooK..347....1M. doi:10.3897/zookeys.347.6002.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Jasso-Martínez, Jovana M.; Belokobylskij, Sergey A.; Zaldívar-Riveron, Alejandro (2019). "Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of generic diagnostic morphological features in the doryctine wasp tribe Rhaconotini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 279: 164–171. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2019.02.002.
  14. ^ a b Belokoblylskij, Sergey A. (2008). "Rhyukyuspathius, A New Peculiar Genus of the Tribe Spathiini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) from Japan". Annales Zoologici. 58 (4): 761–766. doi:10.3161/000345408X396693.
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