Diospyros crassiflora
| Diospyros crassiflora | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ebenaceae |
| Genus: | Diospyros |
| Species: | D. crassiflora
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| Binomial name | |
| Diospyros crassiflora | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Diospyros crassiflora, commonly known as Gaboon ebony, African ebony, Cameroon ebony, Nigeria ebony,[3] West African ebony,[4] and Benin ebony[5] is a species of lowland-rainforest tree in the family Ebenaceae that is endemic to Western Africa. It is named after the Central African nation of Gabon, though it also occurs in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria.[6]
The wood this particular tree produces is believed to be the blackest of all timber-producing Diospyros species, and the heartwood from this tree has been used since ancient Egyptian times.[7] It is hard and durable with very fine pores, and it polishes to a high luster. It is used to make sculptures, carvings, walking sticks, pool cues, doorknobs, tool and knife handles, gun grips, the black keys on pianos, organ-stops, guitar fingerboards and bridges, and chess pieces. It is the wood of choice for the fingerboards, tailpieces, and tuning pegs used on all orchestral stringed instruments, including violins, violas, cellos, and double basses.
The species was classified as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature red list in 1998.[1] A second IUCN assessment in 2018 re-listed the species as vulnerable. The new assessment was based on a more detailed dataset of occurrence and abundance. It stated that "the most severe long-term threat is the conversion of forest to agriculture and grazing, as well as logging of other commercial timber species."[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Schatz, G.E.; Lowry II, P.P.; Onana, J.-M.; Stévart, T.; Deblauwe , V. (2019). "Diospyros crassiflora". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T33048A2831968. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T33048A2831968.en. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ a b "Diospyros crassiflora Hiern". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ "Diospyros crassiflora". European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ "Sustainable Ebony Project". Institute of Environment and Sustainability – UCLA. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ "Diospyros crassiflora". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ Deblauwe, Vincent (2021-02-01). "Life history, uses, trade and management of Diospyros crassiflora Hiern, the ebony tree of the Central African forests: A state of knowledge". Forest Ecology and Management. 481: 118655. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118655. ISSN 0378-1127.
- ^ Nesbitt, M. The Cultural History of Plants. Routledge, New York-London, 2005. pg. 321.