Digital X-ray radiogrammetry
| Digital X-ray radiogrammetry | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | DXR |
Digital X-ray radiogrammetry is a method for measuring bone mineral density (BMD). Digital X-ray radiogrammetry is based on the old technique of radiogrammetry. In DXR, the cortical thickness of the three middle metacarpal bones of the hand is measured in a digital X-ray image.[1] Through a geometrical operation the thickness is converted to bone mineral density. The BMD is corrected for porosity of the bone, estimated by a texture analysis performed on the cortical part of the bone.[2][3]
Like other technologies for estimating the bone mineral density, the outputs are an areal BMD value, a T-score and a Z-score for assessing osteoporosis and the risk of bone fracture.[4]
Digital X-ray radiogrammetry is primarily used in combination with digital mammography for osteoporosis screening, where same mammography machine that is used to acquire breast X-ray images is also used to acquire a hand image for BMD measurement. Due to high precision, DXR is also used for monitoring change in bone mineral density over time.[5] Recent studies have suggested that DXR is a promising alternative for DXA for determining low bone quality in children with suspected secondary low bone quality or osteoporosis.[1]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Leijten, Alex D.; Hampsink, Brieke; Janssen, Marcel; Klein, Willemijn M.; Draaisma, Jos M. T. (September 2019). "Can digital X-ray radiogrammetry be an alternative for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the diagnosis of secondary low bone quality in children?". European Journal of Pediatrics. 178 (9): 1433–1441. doi:10.1007/s00431-019-03425-5. ISSN 0340-6199. PMC 6694095. PMID 31352546.
- ^ Jorgensen, J. T.; Andersen, P. B.; Rosholm, A.; Bjarnason, N. Hannover (September 2000). "Digital X-ray radiogrammetry: a new appendicular bone densitometric method with high precision". Clinical Physiology. 20 (5): 330–335. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2281.2000.00268.x. PMID 10971543.
- ^ Böttcher, J.; Pfeil, A.; Rosholm, A.; Petrovitch, A.; Seidl, B. E.; Malich, A.; Schäfer, M. L.; Kramer, A.; Mentzel, H. J.; Lehmann, G.; Hein, G.; Kaiser, W. A. (December 2005). "Digital x-ray radiogrammetry combined with semiautomated analysis of joint space widths as a new diagnostic approach in rheumatoid arthritis: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study". Arthritis & Rheumatism. 52 (12): 3850–3859. doi:10.1002/art.21606. PMID 16320332.
- ^ Rosholm, A.; Hyldstrup, L.; Bæksgaard, L.; Grunkin, M.; Thodberg, H. H. (1 November 2001). "Estimation of Bone Mineral Density by Digital X-ray Radiogrammetry: Theoretical Background and Clinical Testing". Osteoporosis International. 12 (11): 961–969. doi:10.1007/s001980170026. PMID 11804024. S2CID 23451120.
- ^ Friis, M (May 2001). "Digital X-ray Radiogrammetry on Hand X-rays Obtained on Mammographic X-ray Equipment". Bone. 28 (5): S101–S248. doi:10.1016/S8756-3282(01)00454-9.
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