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Dendrobatinae

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Dendrobatinae
Dyeing dart frog, Dendrobates tinctorius.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Dendrobatidae
Subfamily: Dendrobatinae
Cope, 1865
Genera

Adelphobates
Andinobates
Dendrobates
Excidobates
Minyobates
Oophaga
Phyllobates
Ranitomeya

Dendrobatinae is the main subfamily of frogs in the family Dendrobatidae, the poison dart frogs of Central and South America, found from Nicaragua to the Amazon basin in Brazil.[1]

Description

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Dendrobatinae are generally small frogs; Andinobates minutus is as small as 13–16 mm (0.51–0.63 in) in snout–vent length. Many species are brightly colored and all are toxic. Alkaloids in Phyllobates are particularly potent.[2][3]

All species are presumed to show parental care, often by the male. However, some species show biparental care (Ranitomeya), whereas in Oophaga only females care for the tadpoles, feeding them with eggs, their only source of nutrition.[2] The males are responsible for protecting the eggs from predation and keeping the eggs from drying out by urinating on them.[4]

General

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There are eight[1][2] or seven[3] genera in this subfamily:

Image Genus Living species
Adelphobates Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006
Andinobates Twomey, Brown, Amézquita, and Mejía-Vargas, 2011
Dendrobates Wagler, 1830
Excidobates Twomey and Brown, 2008
Minyobates Myers, 1987
Oophaga Bauer, 1994
Phyllobates Duméril and Bibron, 1841

P. lugubris species group

P. bicolor species group

Ranitomeya Bauer, 1986

The most specious genera are Ranitomeya (16 species) and Andinobates (13 species).[1] Dendrobates used to be much larger but currently contains only five species, having had most of its species split off into genera erected later.[6]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Dendrobatinae Cope, 1865". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  2. ^ a b c Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. pp. 489–490.
  3. ^ a b "Dendrobatidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014. AmphibiaWeb is not placing Andinobates in any subfamily.
  4. ^ Brust, D. G. (1993). "Maternal Brood Care by Dendrobates pumilio: A Frog that Feeds its Young", Journal of Herpetology. Vol. 27, No. 1. pp. 96-98.
  5. ^ "Google Translate". google.com.
  6. ^ Grant, T.; Frost, D. R.; Caldwell, J. P.; Gagliardo, R.; Haddad, C. F. B.; Kok, P. J. R.; Means, D. B.; Noonan, B. P.; Schargel, W. E. & Wheeler, W. C. (2006). "Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 299: 1–262. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)299[1:PSODFA]2.0.CO;2.