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Daylight saving time in Oceania

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Parts of Australia, New Zealand and Fiji are areas of Oceania that currently observe daylight saving time (DST).

By country and region

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Australia

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Main article: Time in Australia
Present situation

Currently, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory and South Australia apply DST each year, from the first Sunday in October to the first Sunday in April. The Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia and the external territories do not observe DST.

History

Daylight saving was first used in Australia during World War I, and was applied in all states. It was used again during the Second World War. A drought in Tasmania in 1967 led to the reintroduction during the summer, and this was repeated every summer since. In 1971, New South Wales, Victoria,[1] Queensland, South Australia, and the Australian Capital Territory followed Tasmania in observing daylight saving, Western Australia and the Northern Territory did not. Queensland abandoned daylight saving time in 1972. Originally Tasmania alone commenced daylight saving on the first Sunday in October, while the other states began on the last Sunday in October and finished on the last Sunday in March, until 2008 excepting in 2000 when all the states observing DST moved forward the commencement date to Sunday, 27 August 2000 because of the Sydney Olympic Games which commenced in mid-September. From 2008/09 daylight saving has been extended another four weeks in NSW, Victoria, SA and the ACT, in addition to Tasmania, from the first Sunday in October to the first Sunday in April.[2]

Queensland again trialled daylight saving, for three years between 1989 and 1992, with a referendum on daylight saving held on 22 February 1992, which was defeated with a 54.5% ‘no’ vote - with regional and rural areas strongly opposed, while those in the metropolitan South East Queensland were in favour.[3]

In December 2008, the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland (DS4SEQ) political party was officially registered, advocating the implementation of a dual-time zone arrangement for Daylight Saving in South East Queensland while the rest of the state maintains standard time.[4] The party contested the March 2009 Queensland State election with 32 candidates and received around one percent of the state-wide primary vote, equating to around 2.5% across the 32 electorates contested.[5]

On 14 April 2010, and after being approached by the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland (DS4SEQ) political party, Queensland Independent member Peter Wellington, introduced the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Referendum Bill 2010 into Queensland Parliament, calling for a referendum to be held at the next State election on the introduction of daylight saving into South East Queensland under a dual-time zone arrangement.[6] The Bill was defeated in Queensland Parliament on 15 June 2011.[7]

In Western Australia, four referendums in 1975, 1984, 1992 and 2009 have rejected DST.[8] In 2006, the Parliament of Western Australia approved a three-year daylight saving trial to be followed by a referendum to decide whether DST should be put in place permanently. However, public opposition mounted during the first year of the trial,[9] and the WA Nationals announced a public campaign to bring the referendum forward to 2007.[10] The trial continued until the referendum, held on 16 May 2009.[11] The result was another rejection of DST, by a larger margin compared to the three previous referendums. Although as previously the suburbs of the state capital, Perth, supported the proposal, it was by a much narrower margin than before with significant swings against it in several areas, most notably in the East Metropolitan region. As a result, the Premier of Western Australia has said that the DST issue should not be considered for at least another 20 years.[12]

The Northern Territory experimented with daylight saving in the early part of the 20th century. It was last used in 1944.

Fiji

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Main article: Time in Fiji

Despite its proximity to the equator and therefore a relatively small variation of daylight length, Fiji implemented daylight saving time in 1998-99 but it ended after that.[13] Fiji restarted DST in 2009 starting on November 29 and ending on April 26, 2010. The decision was based on a report by the Attorney-General, Mr Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum. "Mr Sayed-Khaiyum said that from the information available, the implementation of daylight saving in 1998 and 1999 received very encouraging response from the people and the business community. Apart from availability of more daylight time for sport, leisure and shopping, the working people are able to spend quality daylight time in the afternoons and evenings with their family and loved ones, including engaging in healthy activities such as gardening or going for a walk. In 1999, the Ministry of Labour reported that there was an overall increase in economic activity and productive work as a result of daylight saving."[13] For the 2010-2011 summer, DST started on fourth Sunday in October and ended on last Sunday in March. Fiji changed the ending of DST to the last Sunday in January in 2011.[14] In 2021 the Fiji government announced that Fiji would not observe daylight saving time in 2021–22.[15]

Hawaii

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Although Hawaii is further away from equator than Fiji, and therefore there is a slightly greater variation in the daylight length, Hawaii does not observe DST. Most of the inhabited islands are located close to the west end of the Hawaii–Aleutian Time Zone, and Oahu, Kauai and Niihau are located more than 7 degrees west of the Hawaii–Aleutian Time Zone's meridian and should, theoretically, be located in the next time zone to the west. Therefore advancing the clock in Hawaii would make sunrise times close to 7:00 a.m. even in June.[16][failed verification]

Hawaii did experiment with DST for three weeks between April 30, 1933 and May 21, 1933; there are no known official records as to why it was implemented or discontinued.[17][unreliable source?] Hawaii has never observed daylight saving time under the Uniform Time Act, having opted out of the Act's provisions in 1967.[18]

New Zealand

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Main article: Time in New Zealand

From 30 April 2007, DST begins at 02:00 NZST on the last Sunday in September each year, and ends at 03:00 NZDT (or 02:00 NZST as defined in the Time Act 1974) on the first Sunday in April.

New Zealand time, including DST, is used by several Antarctic bases that are supplied from New Zealand. This results in the oddity that the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station sets its clocks an hour further ahead during the southern summer, when the sun is constantly above the horizon, than in the southern winter, when the sun is constantly below the horizon. The extreme geographic position of the base means that no possible adjustment of the daily activity cycle can have any effect on the amount of sunlight received during those activities. However, the arrangement presumably[original research?] makes real time communications with New Zealand more practical, particularly in dealing with offices.

The New Zealand dependencies of Tokelau, Cook Islands and Niue do not maintain DST. The latter two are on the other side of the International Date Line and differ between 22 and 24 hours from New Zealand proper.

Samoa

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Main article: Time in Samoa

Samoa observed DST from 2010 to 2021, starting on the last Sunday in September and ending on first Sunday in April.[19]

U.S. territories

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All U.S. insular territories with civilian government in Oceania, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands lie in the tropics and do not observe DST.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Daylight Saving Act 1971 No. 8159 (Vic.) for the summer of 1971/72; Summer Time Act 1972 No. 8297 (Vic.) since summer 1972
  2. ^ Australian Government - Bureau of Meteorology. "Daylight Saving Time - Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia". Retrieved 2010-07-27.
  3. ^ "1992 Queensland Daylight Saving Referendum" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-07-25.[permanent dead link‍]
  4. ^ "Daylight Saving group launched as new Qld political party". ABC News. 2008-12-14. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
  5. ^ "Total Candidates Nominated for Election by Party – 2009 State Election". Electoral Commission of Queensland (ECQ). Archived from the original on 2011-02-26. Retrieved 2010-06-19.
  6. ^ "Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Referendum Bill 2010" (PDF). 14 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
  7. ^ "Daylight saving silence 'deafening'". 16 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-19.
  8. ^ Western Australian Electoral Commission (2005). "Referendums/Referendum Results". Archived from the original on 2006-11-29. Retrieved 2007-03-03.
  9. ^ Jessica Strutt (24 March 2007). "Daylight saving support sinks". The West Australian. Archived from the original on 3 February 2009. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
  10. ^ Brendon Grylls (27 February 2007). "The Nationals give Parliament notice of daylight saving Bill" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2008. Retrieved 2007-03-03.
  11. ^ ABC News (2009). "WA to vote on daylight saving". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2009-01-30.
  12. ^ The West Australian (2009). "Daylight saving issue dead for next 20 years: Premier". Archived from the original on 2009-05-21. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
  13. ^ a b "Daylight saving begin". Fiji Daily Post. 14 November 2009. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  14. ^ "Amendments to daylight savings". Government of Fiji. Archived from the original on October 20, 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  15. ^ "No DST Start in Fiji in 2021". www.timeanddate.com.
  16. ^ "and". Aa.usno.navy.mil. Archived from the original on 2010-05-30. Retrieved 2010-06-25.
  17. ^ HawaiiAnswers.com: Has Hawaii ever been on daylight saving time, even for a very short time? If yes, when? The page cites The American Atlas, 5th ed., by Thomas G. Shanks. It is also worth noting that at one time Hawaii Standard Time was UTC-10:30.
  18. ^ "Hawaii Revised Statutes, §1-31". Capitol.hawaii.gov. Retrieved 2010-06-25.
  19. ^ "Daylight savings scrapped". Samoa Observer. 20 September 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
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