Daud Khan Karrani
| Daud Khan Karrani | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Daud Khan Karrani (left) donning a Robe of Honor received from Mun'im Khan (seated, right) | |
| 29th Sultan of Bengal | |
| Reign | 1572–12 July 1576 |
| Predecessor | Bayazid Khan Karrani |
| Successor | Munim Khan (as Subahdar of Bengal) |
| Died | 12 July 1576 Rajmahal, Bengal Sultanate |
| Father | Sulaiman Khan Karrani |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Daud Khan Karrani (died on 12 July 1576) was the last ruler of Bengal's Karrani dynasty as well as the final Sultan of Bengal, reigning from 1572 to 1576. During the reign of his father Sulaiman Khan Karrani, Daud commanded a massive army of 40,000 cavalry, 3,600 elephants, 140,000 infantry and 200 cannons.[1]
Mughal-Bengali war
[edit]Daud Khan was discontented to be under the dominion of Mughal Emperor Akbar, therefore he decided to fight against the army of Delhi and remain the conqueror of Bengal.
Invasion of Jamania
[edit]Emperor Akbar evaded Daud Khan once Daud invaded Jamania near Ghazipur. The Bengali army razed the Jamania city to the ground and captured its fort. Following this, Akbar finally ordered the governor of Jaunpur, Munim Khan, to proceed against Daud. Munim Khan met his friend Ludi Khan, the Prime Minister of Daud, in Patna and opted for a truce.
The agreement pleased neither Akbar nor Daud. Ludi Khan was later put to death by Daud.[2]
Battle of Patna
[edit]In 1573 Munim Khan attacked Bihar, forcing Daud to retreat and take shelter in Patna. Daud sent Katlu Lohani, Gujar Khan Karrani and Sri Hari against the Mughal army. Munim Khan, along with Todar Mal and Mansingh, made the first attack in Hajipur. After a fierce battle, the Bengalis and Afghans were at the verge of victory. However, Akbar then re-captured the neighboring fort of Hajipur, which was the source of rations for the army of his opponent. The Bengalis along with the Afghans fell in distress and retreated to Bengal. Akbar returned to the capital after appointing Munim Khan as the governor of Bihar and Bengal. Todar Mal was also left to assist him.[2]
Battle of Tukaroi
[edit]On 3 March 1575 a fierce battle was fought between the Mughals and the Afghans in Tukaroi. The result was a draw and the Afghans retreated to Katak, Orissa. The Mughals captured Tanda, the Afghan capital of Bengal. Munim Khan transferred the capital of Bengal from Tanda to Gaur. In the treaty of Katak, Daud ceded Bengal and Bihar to the Mughals. But he retained only Orissa as his possession. Six months later a plague broke out, and Munim Khan suddenly died in October 1575.[2] The Mughal army was forced to retreat from Eastern Bengal by Kalapahar and Isa Khan. Daud marched from Orissa to successfully re-capture Gaur.
Battle of Rajmahal
[edit]Akbar sent a new army under the command of Khan Jahan Quli to face his formidable foe Daud Khan. He captured Teliagarhi and advanced towards Rajmahal. The two armies met in the battlefield of Rajmahal.[3] The battle went on for many days. As the fight was getting too difficult for Akbar, he requested the governor of Bihar, Muzaffar Khan Turbati and other generals to join him. On the other side Daud was accompanied by other principal Afghan leaders like Junaid, Qutlu Khan and Ismail Khan Lodhi.[2] After a fierce battle on 12 July 1576, Daud was finally defeated and executed.[4]
After his death, Bengal went under direct Mughal rule as Subah with Subahdars being installed.
References
[edit]- ^ "Kingdoms of South Asia – Indian Kingdom of Bengal". historyfiles.co.uk. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
- ^ a b c d ABM Shamsuddin Ahmed (2012). "Daud Khan Karrani". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
- ^ Richards, John F. (1996). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2. Archived from the original on 6 February 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
- ^ Maxwell, Richard (1993). The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760. University of California Press. p. 144. ISBN 9780520080775.