Jump to content

Danone

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Danone S.A.
FormerlyBoussois-Souchon-Neuvesel (1966-1967)
BSN (1967-1973)
BSN-Gervais Danone (1973-1983)
BSN Groupe (1983-1994)
Company typeSociété anonyme
Euronext Paris: BN
CAC 40 component
ISINFR0000120644 Edit this on Wikidata
IndustryFood processing
PredecessorGervais Danone
FoundedCompany: 1966; 58 years ago (1966) (as Boussois-Souchon-Neuvesel)
Brand: 1919; 105 years ago (1919)
FounderIsaac Carasso
HeadquartersBoulevard Haussmann
9th arrondissement, Paris, France (Operational)
Hoofddorp, Netherlands (Global)[1]
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Franck Riboud (Honorary Chairman)
Gilles Schnepp (Chairman)
Antoine Bernard de Saint-Affrique (CEO)
Products
BrandsMain brands
RevenueIncrease €27.619 billion (2023)[3]
Increase €3.481 billion (2023)[3]
Decrease €881 million (2023)[3]
Total assetsDecrease €44.486 billion (2023)[3]
Total equityDecrease €16.176 billion (2023)[3]
Owners
Number of employees
96,000+ (2023)[3]
SubsidiariesDanone North America[5]
Websitedanone.com
Danone brand logo, used since 2004

Danone S.A. (French pronunciation: [danɔn]) is a French multinational food-products corporation based in Paris. It was founded in 1919 in Barcelona, Spain.[6] It is listed on Euronext Paris, where it is a component of the CAC 40 stock market index. Some of the company's products are branded Dannon in the United States.[7]

As of 2018, Danone sold products in 120 markets, and, in 2018, had sales of €24.65 billion.[8] In the first half of 2018,[9] 29% of sales came from specialized nutritional preparations, 19% came from branded bottled water, and 52% came from dairy and plant-based products (including yogurt).[10]

History

[edit]

Name

[edit]
Isaac Carasso, founder of Danone

Danone was founded by Isaac Carasso (born İzak Karasu), a Thessaloniki-born Sephardic Jewish physician from the Ottoman Empire, who began producing yogurt in Barcelona, Spain in 1919.[11] The brand was named Danone, which translates to "little Daniel", after his son Daniel Carasso.[12][13]

In 1929, Isaac Carasso moved the company from Spain to France, opening a plant in Paris.[14] In 1942, Daniel Carasso moved the company to New York.[15] In the United States, Daniel Carasso partnered with the Swiss-born Spaniard Juan Metzger and changed the brand name to Dannon to sound more American.[16]

In 1951, Daniel Carasso returned to Paris to manage the family's businesses in France and Spain, and the American business was sold to Beatrice Foods in 1959; it was repurchased by Danone in 1981.[17][18] In Europe in 1967, Danone merged with Gervais, the leading fresh cheese producer in France, and became Gervais Danone.

In 1973, the company merged with bottle maker Boussois-Souchon-Neuvesel (BSN), which was formed by the merger of Glaces de Boussois, France's 2nd-largest producer of flat glass, with Lyon-based Verreries Souchon-Neuvesel, France's top producer of bottles and jars. Souchon-Neuvesel, based in the Lyon region, produced bottles, industrial containers, flacons and table glassware (container glass). Glaces de Boussois, located in northern France, made windows for the building and automobile industries (plate glass). Three years earlier BSN had merged with Evian, Kronenbourg, Société Européenne de Brasseries and Blédina.

The company changed its name to Groupe Danone in 1983.[18]

Strategic reorientation (1970–2000)

[edit]

The acquisitions initially took the shape of vertical integration, with BSN acquiring Alsatian brewer Kronenbourg and Evian branded mineral water who were the glassmaker's largest customers. This move provided content with which to fill the factory's bottles.[19] In 1973, the company merged with Gervais Danone and began to expand internationally, including a rebranding of the Dannon yogurt brand in the U.S. and a successful ad campaign In Soviet Georgia that started in October 1976.[20] In 1979, the company abandoned glassmaking by disposing of Verreries Boussois. In 1987, Gervais Danone acquired European biscuit manufacturer Générale Biscuit, owners of the LU brand, and, in 1989, it bought out the European biscuit operations of Nabisco,[21] The operation included UK manufacturers Huntley and Palmers, Peek Frean, and Jacob's, which had previously merged to form Associated Biscuits Ltd.[22][23]

In 1994, BSN changed its name to Groupe Danone, adopting the name of the group's best-known international brand. Franck Riboud succeeded his father, Antoine, as the company's chairman and chief executive officer in 1996 when Riboud senior retired. Under Riboud junior, the company continued to pursue its focus on three product groups (dairy, beverages, and cereals) and divested itself of several activities which had become non-core including Amora, Liebig, and Maille brands.[24][25]

The research center of Danone in the business cluster of Paris-Saclay, France, photographed in 2014

In 1999 and 2003, the group sold 56% and 44% respectively of its glass-containers business.

21st century

[edit]

In 2000, the group also sold most of its European beer activities (the brand Kronenbourg and the brand 1664 were sold to Scottish & Newcastle for £1.7 billion.[26] Its Italian cheese and meat businesses (Egidio Galbani Spa) were sold in March 2002;[27] as were its beer producing activities in China.

The company's British (Jacob's) and Irish biscuit operations were sold to United Biscuits in September 2004.[28] In August 2005, the Group sold its sauces business in the United Kingdom and in the United States (HP Foods),[29] in January 2006, its sauces business in Asia (Amoy Food) was sold to Ajinomoto.[30] Despite these divestitures, Danone continues to expand internationally in its three core business units, emphasising health and well-being products.[31]

In July 2007, it was announced that Danone had reached agreement with Kraft Foods Inc (now Mondelēz International) to sell most of its biscuits division, including the LU and Prince brands but excluding Latin American (Bagley) and Indian (Britannia Industries) units, for around €5.3 billion.[32][33] Also in July 2007, a €12.3 billion cash offer by Danone for the Dutch baby food and clinical nutrition company Numico was agreed to by both boards,[34] creating the world's second-largest manufacturer of baby food.

Dairy-focused business (2010–present)

[edit]

In 2009, the company changed its name from Groupe Danone to Danone.[35]

In 2007 Danone spent 12.3 billion euros on the purchase of the baby and medical nutrition business of Dutch rival Numico.[36]

In 2010 Danone plunged into the Russian market by acquiring OAO Unimilk's companies.[37] The share of Unimilk was 21% of the Russian market. Danone was to hold 57.5 percent of the capital; it funded the acquisition by writing put options for Unimilk share owners. In 2009 Unimilk sales revenue was 969 million euros. As of the merger, Unimilk had 28 facilities in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus,[36] and Kazakhstan. The united Danone-Unimilk company had 18,000 employees in the Commonwealth of Independent States.[38]

The Wockhardt group's nutrition activities in India were acquired by Danone in 2012.[39]

In mid-February 2013 Danone announced their intention to cut 900 jobs or about 3.3 percent of their 27,000 person European workforce.[40]

Since 2013, Danone has grown on the African continent, notably with the acquisition of a controlling interest in Centrale Danone in Morocco and equity interests in Fan Milk in West Africa and Brookside in Kenya.

In 2014, Emmanuel Faber became CEO.[2]

Global locations of Danone factories

Danone was present in 130 markets and generated sales of US$25.7 billion in 2016, with more than half in developing countries. In 2015, fresh dairy products represented 50% of the group's total sales, baby food 22%, branded water 21%, and medical nutrition 7%.[41] In 2017, Franck Riboud became honorary chairman and Faber became chairman as well as retaining his CEO position.[2]

In 2018, Danone rebranded its DanoneWave subsidiary, formed after the 2017 acquisition of WhiteWave Foods (Alpro), into Danone North America.[5]

In 2020, Danone announced that It would cut up to 2,000 jobs as part of a reorganization. This amounted to about 2% of its workforce.[42]

In late 2020, the entry of the London-based hedge fund Bluebell Capital as a shareholder of Danone put Faber’s position into question. In a letter sent to all shareholders in November 2020, they qualified Danone's stock market performance under Faber of overall "disappointing", arguing that "the right balance between shareholder value creation and sustainability issues" had not been struck under his tenure.[43] After the publication of only slightly comforting 2020 results and disappointing first trimester turnover figures, Bluebell Capital's activism paid off and Faber was ousted in mid-March 2021.[44]

On May 16, 2021, the arrival of Antoine Bernard de Saint-Affrique as the next CEO of Danone was announced, to be effective on September 15.[45]

In 2023, Danone Manifesto Ventures, the venture-capital arm of Danone invests in Israel cell-based dairy and infant-milk producer Wilk.

In July 2023 after the Russian invasion of Ukraine had put multinational businesses in a delicate position, Russia seized control of Danone Rossiye, putting it under "temporary management" of the state.[46] In February 2024 it was rumoured that Ramzan Kadyrov or his nephew Yakub Zakriev would take over the unit,[47] for under $200 million.[48] On 13 March Vladimir Putin decreed the removal of the temporary management order;[49][48] this opened the way for a sale of the unit.[50]

Corporate governance

[edit]

Head office

[edit]

Danone's head office has been located in the 9th arrondissement of Paris since 2002.[51][52]

Executives and board

[edit]

Danone is led by a CEO and chairman as well as a board of directors.[53] As of 26 April 2018 the 16 members of the Board of Directors are:[54]

As of 2021 the members of the executive committee are as follows:[57]

  • Antoine de Saint-Affrique (CEO)
  • Juergen Esser (Chief Financial, Technology and Data Officer)
  • Laurent Sacchi (General Secretary)
  • Bertrand Austruy(Chief Human Resources Officer)
  • Véronique Penchienati-Bosetta (Chief Executive Officer International)
  • Vikram Agarwal (Chief Operating Officer end-to-end design to delivery)
  • Shane Grant (Chief Executive Officer North America)
  • Nigyar Makhmudova (Chief Growth Officer)
  • Henri Bruxelles (Chief Sustainability and Strategic Business Development Officer)
  • Floris Wesseling (President Europe)

Main brands

[edit]
Danone's dairy brand logo

Danone's brand portfolio includes both international brands and local brands. In 2018, Danone's international brands include:[9] Activia, Actimel, Alpro, Oikos, Aptamil, Danette (Danet in some regions), Danimals, Danio, Dannon, Danonino, Evian, Nutricia, Nutrilon, Volvic. Local or regional brands include: AQUA (Indonesia), Blédina (France), Bonafont (Mexico and Brazil), Cow & Gate (UK), Happy Family (USA), Horizon Organic (USA), Mizone (China and Indonesia), Prostokvashino (Russia), Silk (USA) and Damavand (Iran).

Ownership

[edit]

Ownership of Danone is split as follows: 43% is owned by American investors, 19% by French investors, followed by the UK (10%), Switzerland (6%), Germany (5%) and the rest of Europe (17%).[58]

Joint ventures

[edit]

In some areas, Danone has adopted a strategy of growth through joint ventures, particularly in fast-growing emerging markets which represent over 50% of its sales.[59]

Danone signed joint ventures with Al Safi in Saudi Arabia (2001),[60] Yakult in India (2005) and Vietnam (2006), Alquería in Colombia (2007), and Mengniu in China (2013–2014).[59]

Australia

[edit]

Danone Murray Goulburn is a joint Saputo Dairy Australia venture with French food company Danone – to market yoghurt and other fresh dairy products in Australia. Danone-MG dairy foods are produced at Kiewa in north east Victoria and are sold throughout Australia.

Bangladesh

[edit]

In November 2005, Franck Riboud met Muhammad Yunus, founder of the Grameen Bank and later winner of the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize. The two men discussed at length their ideas on the development of poor countries and found that their areas of expertise were complementary.[61] As a result, in 2006, the Grameen Bank and Danone formed a company called Grameen Danone Foods, a social business in Bangladesh.[62]

Grameen Danone Foods Ltd. produces a yoghurt called Shokti Doi containing protein, vitamins, iron, calcium, zinc, and other micronutrients aimed to fill nutritional deficits of children in Bangladesh. Shokti Doi is sold for six euro cents, a price that studies found to be affordable for the poorest families. Its pursuit of profitability is based solely on criteria such as improving public health, creating jobs, reducing poverty and protecting the environment.[promotion?] Profits earned by the company are re-invested in expanding and running the business.

India

[edit]

Danone started its nutrition business in India in 2012 through the acquisition of the nutrition portfolio from Wockhardt Group.[63] Danone India offers a range of specialized products across life stages that includes pregnancy, infants, young children as well as adults, under Indian and global brands like Aptamil, Neocate, Farex, Protinex, Dexolac and Nusobee. Headquartered in Mumbai.[64][better source needed] In 2018, Danone reduced its product portfolio and discontinued some dairy SKUs to bring a sharper focus on its nutrition offerings.[65]

Israel

[edit]

In March 1996 Danone signed an agreement to purchase 20 percent of the Strauss Group, Israel's second largest food manufacturer. Since the 1970s, Strauss Dairies had a series of partnership and knowledge agreements with Danone.[66]

China

[edit]

Danone has invested in China since 1987 with the joint venture with Fengxing Milk in Guangzhou. It is one of Danone's top 5 markets.[citation needed]

Bright Dairy

[edit]

In 2001, Danone acquired a 5% stake in Bright Dairy and, in March 2005, doubled its shareholding,[67] and again, to 20%, in April 2006, becoming the third largest shareholder after Shanghai Milk Group and S.I. Food.

The parties announced in October 2007 that Danone would divest its stake by selling it to the other two main shareholders at a small profit.[68] Bright Dairy said Danone would pay 330m yuan (€31m) to terminate the existing distribution and production agreement with it.[69]

Wahaha

[edit]
Main article: Wahaha Joint Venture Company

The Hangzhou Wahaha Group, the largest beverage producer in China,[70] and Danone entered into a dairy products joint venture in 1996, in which Danone held 51%. It was hailed by Forbes magazine as a "showcase" joint venture.[71]

Yet in 2005, Danone noted that alongside the 39 structures of the joint venture, 60 factories and distribution companies produce and sell beverages illegally under the Wahaha brand. Danone made several attempts to take a stake in the Wahaha companies external to the joint venture, but was rebuffed by Wahaha's General Manager Zong Qinghou.[72] Danone and Zong Qinghou had signed a deal in December 2006 allowing Danone to buy a majority stake in these non-JV operations. However, Zong had second thoughts about the deal and reneged, claiming the offer was underpriced and held out for a higher price from Danone.[73]

The dispute took on the shape of a trademark dispute, and Danone filed for arbitration in Stockholm on 9 May 2007.[68] On 4 June,[74] Danone filed suit in Los Angeles Superior Court against Ever Maple Trading and Hangzhou Hongsheng Beverage Co Ltd, companies controlled by Zong, his wife, and daughter.[75]

In 2009, an agreement was reached between the two parties. Danone left the Danone–Wahaha joint venture and sold its shares (51%) to its former Chinese partner.

Mengniu

[edit]

On 20 May 2013, Danone announced a strategic investment (4.0%) in Mengniu, the top dairy products company in China, through an agreement with COFCO (the state-owned largest food company in China a majority shareholder in Mengniu). Later on, Danone raised its interest in Mengniu from 4.0% to 9.9%. In 2016, Danone is Mengniu's second shareholder.[76]

In addition, in May 2013, a joint-venture was created between Danone and Mengniu to grow the fresh dairy product category.[77]

On 31 October 2014, Danone, Mengniu and Yashili announced that they had signed an agreement allowing Danone to take part in a private placement by Yashili totalling €437 million, at a price of HK$3.70 per share. Upon completion of the subscription, Mengniu and Danone respectively held 51.0% and 25.0% equity interest in Yashili.[78]

Russia

[edit]

On 18 June 2010, Danone partnered with Unimilk, one of Russia's main milk producers. Danone and Unimilk merged their fresh dairy products activities in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Belarus. The joint-venture gave birth to the number one dairy products company in this region. Russia became one of the five most important markets for Danone.[79]

In October 2022, Danone announced the start of the process of transferring its Russian segment to new owners. By this point, Russia provided about 5% of the company's total revenue.[80] The company considered about two dozen possible applicants for its assets, but as of July 2023, the "successor" has not been decided. In the meantime, Danone rebranded one of its top brands: Activia in the Russian market becoming Aktibio. The company said that this will allow renewed investment in the Russian dairy industry.[81][82] In July 2023, the Russian government seized the shares in Danone Russia and placed it under the control of the Russian Federal Agency for State Property Management.[83] On July 18, Ibragim Zakriev, the Minister of Agriculture of Chechnya and the nephew of its President Ramzan Kadyrov, was appointed General Director of the Russian Danone.[84] As of 26 July 2023 Danone has provided €700 million for the loss of Russian business, plus €500 million exchange loss due to the fall in the ruble.[85]

Africa

[edit]

In June 2012, Danone raised its interest in Centrale Laitière (leader of the dairy products market in Morocco) to 67.0%. Centrale Laitière is Danone's first franchise ever: the companies have worked together since 1953.[86]

In October 2013, Danone teamed up with Abraaj Group to acquire FanMilk International, the leading manufacturer and distributor of frozen dairy products and juices in Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Benin and Ivory Coast.[87]

In July 2014, Danone announced the acquisition of a 40% interest in Kenya's Brookside, East Africa's leading dairy products group.[88]

Philippines

[edit]

In October 2014, Danone partnered with Universal Robina to build a beverage production and distribution business in the Philippines.[89]

Corporate social responsibility

[edit]

Danone operates several funds including: danone.communities, created in 2007 to finance social business,[90] the Danone Ecosystem Fund, created in 2009 to provide support to Danone partners including farmers, subcontractors, and vendors,[91] and Livelihoods, created in 2011 in order to finance environment-related projects (such as peasant agriculture, deforestation, access to energy in emerging countries) and in return provide investors with carbon credits with strong social intensity.[92]

Danone's corporate social responsibility programs were influenced by former CEO, Antoine Riboud, and a speech he gave on 25 October 1972 known as the "Marseilles speech".[93][94]

In this speech, he stated that growth should not take place without corporate social responsibility. He was the first CEO to publicly state that human and environment aspects of a company should be taken into account.[94] These ideas laid the ground to Danone's dual project (economic and social).[94]

Danone Institute

[edit]

The Danone Institute is a nonprofit organization established to promote research, information and education about nutrition, diet and public health. One of the organization's main objectives was to increase nutrition knowledge amongst medical professionals, educators and parents.[95]

The company set up its first Institute in 1991 in Paris, France, and officially launched as a private nonprofit organization in 1997.[96][95]

The institute is led by nutrition experts and Danone company executives.[95]

Danone Institutes around the world

[edit]
Danone factory in Bieruń, Poland, pictured in 2006
Danone advertising in Barcelona, 2012

By 2007, Danone had set up 18 institutes in countries around the world to develop programs that address local public health issues.[95] The institutes are located in Belgium, Canada, China, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Poland, Russia, Spain, the United States, and Turkey.[97]

They operate under the aegis of the Danone Institute International.[96] The Danone Institute International is responsible for steering the network, and encouraging a continual exchange between the various countries.[96]

Today,[when?] more than 200 experts in diet and nutrition are involved in this international network.[97]

Each institute is composed of a board of directors and a scientific council.[95] Each board includes 8 members.[95] The board members are responsible for setting the strategic direction and budget for the organization.[95] The scientific council that is composed of from 6 to 10 members, takes future programmatic decisions.[95]

The institutes develop educational programs in their countries to deal with local health and nutrition issues.[95] Each institute therefore develops its own program in order to be relevant in their environment.[97] For instance, the Czech Danone Institute provides a fund to support research, development and education in nutrition, and scholarships abroad.[98]

Each local Danone Institute develops specific programs including:[97]

  • Support research programs: scholarships, grants, awards, prizes
  • Publications of research findings relating to health and nutrition
  • Organization of scientific conferences
  • Publication of newsletters and books for professionals (e.g., health care professionals, educators, journalists)
  • Organization of workshops, training and educational sessions for professionals
  • Production of pedagogic material, booklets, television and radio programs, PC games for parents, children...
  • Spread the knowledge to the public

Throughout the world, the Danone Institutes continue to be nonprofit organizations.[97]

The Danone Institutes gather internationally renowned scientists in diet and nutrition from independent organizations (e.g.: universities, research centers).[97]

From 1991 to 2006, more than 40 prizes and awards have been attributed for more than €600,000. Over 140 events have gathered more than 30,000 health care professionals. And 75 publications have been published. More than 70 programs towards the public have been organized.[97]

To date,[when?] Danone Institutes have funded more than 900 research projects.[97] This represents a global budget of €16 million.[96] They have set up dozens of educational programs. 100 symposia have been launched.[96]

Danone Institute International

[edit]

The Danone Institute International was established in 2004 to gather together the 18 Danone Institutes. Its goal is to develop large-scale international programs. It also aims at encouraging the sharing of the knowledge between the local institutes. It facilitates cooperation, collaboration and exchange between scientists.[95]

Danone Institute International is a nonprofit organization[99] originally established with funding from Danone. The association promotes the exchange of information related to the relationship between diet, nutrition and health.[100]

The Danone Institute International comprises more than 220 scientific experts, and may be considered as a think tank. This international network gathers renowned scientists from various fields such as clinical nutrition, pediatric medicine, microbiology, gastroenterology, and psychology.[95]

The Danone Institute International produces publications, supports research via grants, programs and a prize. The DII also organizes international academic conferences and symposia.[95]

The Danone International Prize For Nutrition is a cornerstone in the work of the Danone Institute International.[96][100]

Danone International Prize for Nutrition

[edit]

The Danone International Prize for Nutrition is an award established in 1997 by the Danone Institute International, presented every two years to honour individuals or teams that have advanced the science of human nutrition.

The prize aims at encouraging nutrition research and promoting the public's understanding of the importance of this field.

This award is one of the most respected awards within the field of nutritional research.[101] Many leading scientists received this award, that recognizes their accomplishments.

The Danone International Prize for Nutrition is worth €120,000. The prize is awarded every two years by the Danone Institute International and organized with the support of the French organization Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale.[99][102]

The Danone International Prize for Nutrition recognizes a single researcher or a research team as leading a major step in nutrition, developing novel concepts, including research fields with potential application for populations.[102]

The jury consists of up to nine members, including one member of the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale. 50% of the jury members come from the Danone Institute International or the Danone Institutes. The jury selects one winner by a secret vote. In case of a tie, the chair's vote counts as two votes.[102]

Danone Institute International selected in 2007 Friedman through a process involving more than 650 applicants worldwide.[101] Candidates must be employed by a not-for-profit institution and actively involved in research.[102] Laureates are chosen after an independent and international selection procedure.[99]

This prize has been renamed the Danone International Prize for Alimentation in 2018.[103]

Prize winners: Source: Danone International

Global summit on the health effects of yogurt

[edit]

In 2012, the Danone Institute International in collaboration with the American Society for Nutrition (ASN) organized an international working group to examine the health effects of yogurt. They communicated their scientific conclusion to health care professionals and the public.[109] One year later, the ASN and the Danone Institute International joined forces to launch the first global summit on the health effects of yogurt.

This event aims at evaluating the state of science as concerns yogurt consumption and public health.[110]

The first summit took place in 2013 in Boston. It featured international experts in medicine and nutrition.[110] Since that time, summits have been held every year.[109]

Yogurt in Nutrition Initiative for a balanced diet

[edit]

In 2013, the Danone Institute International, the American Society for Nutrition (ASN) and the Nutrition Society (NS) launched the Yogurt in Nutrition Initiative for a balanced diet. This program aims at examining the health effects of yogurt, encouraging research around yogurt as part of a healthy diet and communicating scientific information toward health care professionals and the public.[111]

Through this project, the Danone Institute International plans to organize worldwide conferences to share researchers' findings.[111] From 2013, the Yogurt in Nutrition Initiative for a balanced diet co-organizes every year Global Summit on the Health Effects of Yogurt.[112]

The Danone Institute International in collaboration with the American Society for Nutrition and the International Osteoporosis Foundation also organizes the Yogurt in Nutrition Award. This prize is offered by the Yogurt in Nutrition Initiative for a balanced diet. This award, valued at US$30,000, supports projects focused on the role of yogurt in the prevention and management of diseases. It finances research programs for two years. It recognizes individuals or research teams from public organizations, universities or hospitals.[113]

Controversies

[edit]

2005–2006: the PepsiCo acquisition case

[edit]

Due to its narrow focus and relatively small size, Danone is potentially an attractive takeover target for its competitors, namely Nestlé and Kraft Foods. In mid-July 2005, the share price of Danone rose 20% within two weeks on rumours of a bid approach by PepsiCo, although this intention was denied.[114] Upon realising that a takeover of a national treasure such as Danone by a foreign company was indeed possible in the capital markets, the "economically patriotic"[115] French government stepped in by drafting a law to protect companies in "strategic industries" such as Danone[116] from takeover. This has been dubbed the "Danone Law".[117]

Speculation was renewed once again in mid-2006, when PepsiCo declared its intention to grow significantly in France through a sizeable non-hostile acquisition,[118] and Kraft was also reported in Le Figaro, a French daily newspaper, as not having ruled out an acquisition on French soil.[119] The stock market apparently marked down the possibility of a bid by PepsiCo following Danone's acquisition of Numico.[120]

2010–2013

[edit]

In the 2010s, reports indicated that Danone engaged in unethical marketing of infant formula in China,[121] Indonesia,[122] Turkey,[123] and India.[124][125]

India

[edit]

In the early 2010s, Nutricia India (Danone) purchased Wockhardt, which thereby provided Danone with an entry to India's infant nutrition market. Nutricia later ordered and scheduled an external audit of payments made and invoices received from March through August 2013 and found no payments to doctors. However, critics contended the company directed the course of the audit, and more importantly, scheduled the audit so that it did not cover the crucial handover period. In fact, it was scheduled nearly a year after the purchase. A policy director for Baby Milk Action stated that Nutricia "seems to be using the audit as a cover".[124]

India passed a law pertaining to Infant Milk Substitutes (IMS) in 1992 and strengthened this law in 2003. These prohibit any kind of advertisement of infant formula for children 0–2, as well as prohibit monetary benefits to doctors for recommending formula. Still, major companies including Danone have been criticized for sponsoring such things as nutritional conferences and web platforms for doctors. (Other companies include Nestle, Abbott, and Mead Johnson.)[125] [126]

Dexolac is the name of Danone's infant milk substitute product. Overall in India, approximately 50% of infants under six months of age are exclusively breastfed, and 50% are not.[125]

China

[edit]

In October 2012, a Save the Children survey was conducted in the cities of Hohhot, Beijing, Jinan, Shanghai, Nanjing, and Shenzhen. Sixty mothers of infants 0–6 months were interviewed in each city. 40% of the mothers interviewed said they had received formula samples. Of these, 60% were provided by company representatives, and over one-third by healthcare workers. The mothers reported that samples were provided by (in order of frequency): Dumex (Danone, and since May 2016 Yashili), Enfamil (Mead Johnson), Wyeth, Abbott, Nestlé, Friso, Ausnutria and Bei-yin-mei.[121] The overall 2013 Save the Children report which includes this 2012 survey states, "If new mothers are given free samples to feed to their babies it can start a vicious circle that undermines their own ability to breastfeed. An infant satiated with formula may demand less breast milk, so the mother produces less, and that can result in her losing confidence in her ability to breastfeed."[121]

Indonesia subsidiary

[edit]

In February 2013 The Guardian reported that up until 2011, Danone subsidiary Sari Husada had midwives sign contracts to receive financial payments for selling a certain number of boxes of baby formula. According to Danone, this no longer happens, and has been replaced by a scheme which runs training for midwives. However, the main difference appears to be a change from cash to merchandise such as televisions or laptops, and often including items which are needed in the midwives' practices, such as oxygen canisters, TENS machines, and nebulisers. The Guardian has seen a spreadsheet detailing the number of new mothers contacted, the amount of 0–6 months formula sold, and the proportion of their target this represents. Danone commented: "That may still be happening, that's something we need to address."[122]

This same article reported that Sari Husada (Danone) had links throughout the Indonesian medical system. For example, Sari Husada sponsored professional associations, paid doctors for running seminars for midwives, and even sponsored midwifery awards which were then presented by the Indonesian Minister for Women's Empowerment and the Protection of Children.[122]

There are two potential harms to promoting infant formula in poorer communities: (1) the parents and families may not have dependable access to clean water, and (2) the ongoing cost is such a significant part of the family budget that parents are highly motivated to attempt to "stretch" the product, with risk of malnourishment to infant or child. An Indonesian paediatrician stated, "Selling formula is like the killing fields, in my opinion. The babies will die of diarrhoea and they will die of malnutrition."[122]

Turkey marketing campaign

[edit]

In June 2013 the organisation was accused in Turkey of "misleading mothers with a marketing campaign that warned they might not be providing enough breast milk to their babies [and suggesting] mothers use its powdered baby milk to make up any shortfall". Danone responded that it "based its advice on WHO guidance" and claimed that both the WHO and UNICEF "endorsed the campaign." The WHO said Danone did not have permission to use its logo and asked Danone to remove its name from the company's marketing materials within 14 days while Ayman Abulaban, the UNICEF representative for Turkey, said: "The Unicef Turkey office has not endorsed this campaign." UNICEF also requested that their name be removed from marketing materials.[123]

Fonterra New Zealand alert

[edit]

Following a statement by the New Zealand government and Fonterra on 2 August 2013 warning that batches of ingredients supplied by Fonterra to four Danone plants in Asia-Pacific might be contaminated with Clostridium botulinum bacteria,[127] Danone recalled selected infant formula products from sale in eight markets (New Zealand, Singapore, Malaysia, China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Cambodia and Thailand) as a precautionary measure.

The alert was lifted on 28 August when New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries concluded after several weeks of tests that there was no Clostridium botulinum in any of the batches concerned. None of the many tests conducted by Danone before and after this period showed any contamination.[128]

On 8 January 2014, Danone announced its decision to terminate its existing supply contract with Fonterra and make any further collaboration contingent on a commitment by its supplier to full transparency and compliance with the food safety procedures applied to all products supplied to Danone.[129] Danone won damages of €105 million from Fonterra.[130]

Price fixing

[edit]

In 2019 the Spanish regulator Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia fined Danone 929,644 euros for forming a cartel with other dairy companies to avoid competition when buying milk from Spanish farmers between 2000 and 2013. In February 2024, the Spanish Audiencia Nacional annulled the fine as the statute of limitations have passed for Danone.[131]

[edit]
  • Danone products
  • Yogurt parfait
    Yogurt parfait
  • Yogurt parfait
    Yogurt parfait
  • Natillas
    Natillas
  • Yogurt with confections (Japan)
    Yogurt with confections (Japan)
  • Silk oat milk
    Silk oat milk

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ "New Danone Netherlands Global Headquarters by Powerhouse Company – aasarchitecture". Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  2. ^ a b c "Danone Annual Report 2017" (PDF). Danone.com. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Annual Report 2023". Danone S.A. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  4. ^ "What Kind of Shareholder Owns Most Danone S.A. (EPA:BN) Stock?". 28 January 2020.
  5. ^ a b "Danone drops WhiteWave name a year after completing merger - FoodBev Media". Foodbev.com. 12 April 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  6. ^ "Danone: History of Danone group". Danone.ua. 6 February 1929. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  7. ^ "Products & Services". Danone North America. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  8. ^ "About Danone - Danone". Danone.com. 25 May 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  9. ^ a b "Danone Integrated Annual Report: Home". iar2017.danone.com. Archived from the original on 21 October 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  10. ^ "Danone's data & results - Danone". Danone.com. 25 May 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  11. ^ "Danone: History of Danone group". danone.ua. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  12. ^ "How Dannon Made Yogurt Mainstream in America After Starting as a Staple for Immigrants". Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  13. ^ "Danone pone el foco en la innovación". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  14. ^ "50 Years Ago This Week: Detroit and 'The Fire This Time'". Time. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  15. ^ "The Scoop on Dannon: 5 Questions With DanoneWave's Michael Neuwirth". brandchannel. 7 November 2017. Archived from the original on 25 October 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  16. ^ Langer, Emily (26 May 2009). "Daniel Carasso, 103, Dies; Businessman Introduced America to Dannon Yogurt". The Washington Post and Times-Herald. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  17. ^ "Dannon History in the United States". Danone Group. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
  18. ^ a b Grimes, William (20 May 2009). "Daniel Carasso, a Pioneer of Yogurt, Dies at 103". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  19. ^ "History of Success: from bottles to beverages". Danone Group. Archived from the original on 10 September 2004. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  20. ^ Sloane, Leonard (16 August 1976). "Dannon Visits a Soviet Village". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 April 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  21. ^ "Setting out to conquer Europe". Danone Group. Archived from the original on 15 May 2006. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  22. ^ "Biscuit Time: a brief history of Huntley and Palmers" (PDF).
  23. ^ "About H&P Collection". Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  24. ^ Conso, L. S. A. (2 April 1998). "Paribas multiplie les rachats dans l'agroalimentaire". lsa-conso.fr (in French). Retrieved 7 January 2022.
  25. ^ Conso, L. S. A. (24 September 1998). "Danone : la nouvelle garde rapprochée de Franck Riboud". lsa-conso.fr (in French). Retrieved 7 January 2022.
  26. ^ "Scottish & Newcastle acquires Kronenbourg in £1.7bn deal". The Independent. UK. Archived from the original on 5 October 2007. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
  27. ^ "European Buy-Outs: Italy's many privately owned businesses are welcoming private equity as a way to drive consolidation". Real Deals. 26 January 2006. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
  28. ^ "Danone sells its UK biscuits to United". The Independent. UK. 24 July 2004. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
  29. ^ "Heinz announced completion of its acquisition of the HP Foods Group from Groupe Danone S.A. for approximately $820 million in cash". Food & Drink Weekly. 22 August 2005. Archived from the original on 1 December 2009. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
  30. ^ Baker, Lucy (21 March 2000). "Toward the third millennium". Danone Group. Archived from the original on 15 May 2006. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  31. ^ "Annual Report on Form 20-F". Danone Group. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  32. ^ "Danone mulls Kraft biscuit deal". BBC News. 3 July 2007.
  33. ^ "Kraft Foods compra Danone, sin Bagley". Ambito (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  34. ^ "Danone to Offer 12.3 Billion Euros for Numico". CNBC. 9 July 2007. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
  35. ^ "Eurex Exchange - Groupe Danone: Name Change". Eurexchange.com. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  36. ^ a b "Danone secures Russia expansion with Unimilk deal". Reuters. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  37. ^ "Danone Merges Russian Dairy Business With Unimilk". Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg. 18 June 2010. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
  38. ^ "Danone and Unimilk join forces in Russia".
  39. ^ "Wockhardt Closes Deal to Sell Nutrition Business to Danone". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
  40. ^ "Danone cuts European jobs on weak demand". Prod-euronews.wuronews.net. 19 February 2013. Archived from the original on 22 May 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  41. ^ "Press release – February 23, 2016" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 March 2016.
  42. ^ "Danone to cut up to 2,000 jobs in reorganisation". The Irish Times. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
  43. ^ Leila Abboud (18 January 2021). "Activist fund Bluebell Capital takes aim at Danone". The Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  44. ^ Leila Abboud (15 March 2021). "Danone board ousts Emmanuel Faber as chief and chairman". The Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  45. ^ Dominique Vidalon (17 May 2021). "Danone names Barry Callebaut's Saint-Affrique as new CEO". Reuters. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  46. ^ "Russia seizes control of Danone and Carlsberg operations". 17 July 2023.
  47. ^ "Danone plans to sell Russian operations to Chechnya-linked businessman".
  48. ^ a b "Putin removes Danone's Russian unit from temporary state management". Reuters. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  49. ^ "Danone plans to sell Russian operations to Chechnya-linked businessman".
  50. ^ "Putin Halts Danone Russia Seizure, Clearing Way for Sale". Bloomberg. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  51. ^ "Contacts Archived 3 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine." Groupe Danone. Retrieved 23 March 2010.
  52. ^ "Danone : regrouper les salariés dans un même bâtiment Archived 13 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine." Le Journal du Net. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  53. ^ "Change in Danone's Governance" (PDF) (Press release). 2 September 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2018.[permanent dead link]
  54. ^ "Danone's board of directors - Danone". Danone.com. 25 May 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  55. ^ "Danone names new CEO: 'Antoine de Saint-Affrique is a standout leader in the consumer goods world'". 18 May 2021.
  56. ^ Dominique Vidalon (29 July 2021). "Danone clears way for new CEO with board overhaul". Reuters. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  57. ^ "Danone's executive committee - Danone". 7 November 2019.
  58. ^ "Danone's ownership - Danone". 7 November 2019.
  59. ^ a b James T. Areddy & Deborah Ball, Danone's China Strategy Is Set Back Archived 22 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine, The Wall Street Journal, Page A10, 15 June 2007
  60. ^ http://www.alsafi-danone.com.sa/History.html [permanent dead link]
  61. ^ "RICHARD BRANSON: Profit is not all that matters". Business Day. South Africa. 5 March 2012.
  62. ^ Ahmad, Reaz (13 March 2006). "Grameen teams up with Groupe Danone to set up food plant". The Daily Star.
  63. ^ "Danone completes acquisition of Wockhardt Group's nutrition business". The Economic Times. 26 July 2012.
  64. ^ "Home". danone.in.
  65. ^ "Danone India to rationalise its product portfolio". Business Line. 11 January 2018.
  66. ^ Beck, Galit Lipkis (5 March 1996), "France's Danone to buy 20% of Strauss Dairies", The Jerusalem Post, archived from the original on 17 August 2011, retrieved 27 May 2010
  67. ^ Danone to double Bright Dairy stake Archived 27 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine, People's Daily, 4 March 2005
  68. ^ a b Xinhua, Wahaha says its arbitration application accepted over trademark dispute with Danone Archived 27 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine, 18 June 2007
  69. ^ Neil Merrett, Danone sells Chinese dairy stake Archived 27 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Dairy Reporter, 17 October 2007
  70. ^ "Danone set to sue Wahaha over breach of contract". South China Morning Post. Hong Kong. 11 April 2007. p. B3.
  71. ^ Elaine Kurtenbach (27 June 2007). "Wahaha-Danone Feud Highlights Pitfalls". Forbes. Retrieved 17 July 2007.[dead link]
  72. ^ "Danone and Wahaha vie for the last laugh". South China Morning Post. Hong Kong. 11 June 2007. p. B3.
  73. ^ 签约与悔约(regrets) Wahaha – atypical commercial dispute Archived 8 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Caijing Issue 185, 14 May 2007 (in Chinese)
  74. ^ "current developments regarding Wahaha dispute" (Press release). Danone Group. 12 June 2007. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007.
  75. ^ Danone, Wahaha set for arbitration dispute in China Archived 21 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Agence France-Presse story, France 24, 18 June 2007
  76. ^ "Danone hopes to crack China with new dairy deal". Reuters. 20 May 2013.
  77. ^ "Danone to double stake in China Mengniu to 9.9 pct for $665 mln". Reuters. 11 February 2014.
  78. ^ "Danone swaps Dumex China unit for deeper ties with domestic dairy giant". Reuters. 24 July 2015.
  79. ^ "Danone secures Russia expansion with Unimilk deal". Reuters. 18 June 2010.
  80. ^ "Danone announces it plans to transfer the effective control of its EDP business in Russia" (PDF). danone.com. 14 October 2022.
  81. ^ "Торговая марка "Активиа" сменит название в России". RIA Novosti (in Russian). 10 July 2023.
  82. ^ "Актибио (press release)" (PDF). Danone.ru (in Russian). 10 July 2023.
  83. ^ "Russia seizes control of Danone and Carlsberg operations". BBC News. 17 July 2023.
  84. ^ "Гендиректором «дочки» Danone в России стал глава минсельхоза Чечни". Rbc.ru (in Russian). 18 July 2023.
  85. ^ "Danone Writes Down Russia Assets, Beats On Like-For-Like Sales". 26 July 2023.
  86. ^ "Danone to take control of Centrale Laitiere". Financial Times. 27 June 2012. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022.
  87. ^ "Danone to join Abraaj Group in Fan Milk International acquisition". CNBC. 24 October 2013. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  88. ^ "Danone buys Kenyan dairy firm stake to add African markets". Reuters. 18 July 2014. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016.
  89. ^ Dumlao, Doris C. (23 October 2014). "URC, Danone sign joint venture to manufacture beverages in PH". inquirer.net. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  90. ^ "Addressing malnutrition and access to safe drinking water through social business incubator". Danone.com. 17 June 2016. Archived from the original on 1 July 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  91. ^ "Danone: funding social change around the world". The Guardian. 30 May 2012.
  92. ^ "Businesses come together to address carbon capture and storage". Farmingfirst.org. 11 July 2011. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  93. ^ "Death of Danone founder Antoine Riboud". Food Navigator. 6 May 2002.
  94. ^ a b c "The 1972 speech: a milestone of Danone's history turns 40". Down to Earth Danone. 16 November 2012. Archived from the original on 2 June 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  95. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Binney, Gayle (2008). "The Dannon Institute: Celebrating 10 Years of Nutrition Education". Nutrition Today. 43 (4): 166–172. doi:10.1097/01.NT.0000303340.75605.a5. S2CID 70512410.
  96. ^ a b c d e f "The Danone International Prize for Nutrition and the Danone Institutes:one of Danone's commitment to health" (PDF). Danone International Prize for Nutrition. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  97. ^ a b c d e f g h "The Danone Institutes". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition. 43: S72–S73. 2006. doi:10.1097/01.mpg.0000255853.15153.c0. PMID 17204982.
  98. ^ "Danone Institute grants Studpendia". Czech universities. 2005. Archived from the original on 9 February 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
  99. ^ a b c "Gökhan S. Hotamisligil receives 9th Danone International Prize for Nutrition". Harvard School of public health. 2014.
  100. ^ a b "OHSU Professor David Barker Awarded International Prize For Nutrition". Oregon Health and Science University. 2005.
  101. ^ a b "Danone International Prize for Nutrition Awarded to U.S. Scientist for Groundbreaking Research on the Impacts of Genetics and Biology on Obesity". CSR News (Press release). 2007.
  102. ^ a b c d "Danone International Prize for Nutrition 2016" (PDF). Danone International Prize for Nutrition. 2015.
  103. ^ "Danone International Prize for Alimentation". Danone Institute. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  104. ^ "Gökhan S. Hotamisligil receives 9th Danone International Prize for Nutrition". Harvard School of Public Health. 29 April 2014. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  105. ^ "The Danone International Prize for Nutrition". Danone Institute. Archived from the original on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  106. ^ "7th Danone International Prize for Nutrition – An important discovery rewarded". Social Media Release. 6 October 2009. Archived from the original on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  107. ^ "Obesity researcher awarded Danone nutrition prize". Newswire. The Rockefeller University. 11 July 2007. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  108. ^ Novelli, Porter (19 November 1997). "MIT Researcher Named Recipient of First Danone International Prize for Nutrition". Newswise. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  109. ^ a b "ASN Sponsored Satellite Program: 3rd Global Summit on the Health Effects of Yogurt: Yogurt Consumption and Weight Management". American Society for Nutrition. 2015. Archived from the original on 8 September 2015.
  110. ^ a b "The American Society for Nutrition and the Danone Institute International Collaborate to Examine Health Effects of Yogurt". PR Newswire. 2013.
  111. ^ a b "Danone Institute teams up with nutrition bodies to examine health effects of yogurt". Dairy Reporter. 2013.
  112. ^ "Introduction to the Second Global Summit on the Health Effects of Yogurt". Oxford university press. 2015. Archived from the original on 19 October 2015.
  113. ^ "Yoghurt nutrition award". International Osteoporosis Foundation. 2015. Archived from the original on 19 October 2015. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
  114. ^ "PepsiCo ne lance pas d'OPA sur Danone" (in French). Associated Press. 25 July 2005. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  115. ^ "La France veut mieux protéger ses entreprises face aux OPA" (in French). Boursorama. Associated Press. 27 March 2007. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  116. ^ "Le gouvernement interdira le rachat de groupes français dans les secteurs stratégiques" (in French). Boursorama. Associated Press. 29 August 2005. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  117. ^ David Rothnie, US companies may bid for Danone division, Financial News, 28 June 2007
  118. ^ "Pepsico travaille sur des projets de croissance externe en France". AOF (in French). Boursorama. 21 July 2006. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  119. ^ "Danone: Reprise des spéculations un an après les rumeurs PepsiCo" (in French). Associated Press. 23 June 2006. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  120. ^ "Eschewing Snacks, Danone Goes for Baby Food". Forbes. 9 July 2007. Archived from the original on 10 November 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
  121. ^ a b c SUPERFOOD FOR BABIES: How overcoming barriers to breastfeeding will save children's lives Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Save the Children (UK version), 2013, Ch. 6 "breast-milk substitute companies facing conflict of interest," page 35 (47 in PDF), footnote 31 describing the survey includes " . . Within each city, 60 mothers of infants aged 0–6 months were interviewed (through randomised selection within the waiting areas) in one MCH Hospital, one level-3 comprehensive (the highest level in China) hospital MCH Division, one level-2 comprehensive hospital MCH Division – ie, 20 mothers with babies 0–6 months old from each facility were interviewed."
  122. ^ a b c d Baby health crisis in Indonesia as formula companies push products Archived 2 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, 15 February 2013
  123. ^ a b Newman, Melanie; Wright, Oliver (29 June 2013). "Exclusive: After Nestlé, now Aptamil manufacturer Danone is hit by breast milk scandal Danone accused of misleading mothers and misrepresenting UN". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  124. ^ a b Danone Group 'trying to whitewash' Nutricia India marketing practices: BMA (Baby Milk Action) Archived 28 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Dairy Reporter, Mark Astley, 29 April 2014. Danone's "Green Book" includes the company's ethics and code of conduct, such as disallowing payments to doctors for recommending formula. More fully, it is entitled Danone Policy for the Marketing of Foods for Infants and Young Children.
  125. ^ a b c Despite ban, marketing of breast-milk substitutes continues Archived 22 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine, The Times of India, Rupali Mukherjee, 17 May 2018.
  126. ^ A Danone spokesperson said that Docplexus is an online platform for doctors only, no consumers have access to this information, and thus it is not a violation of India's 2003 IMS Act.
  127. ^ NZ's Fonterra finds botulism bacteria in dairy ingredient. Reuters, 3 August 2013.
  128. ^ Danone wants full compensation from Fonterra after recall. Reuters, 2 October 2013.
  129. ^ Ford, Richard. "Danone terminates Fonterra supply deal". Thegrocer.co.uk. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  130. ^ "Fonterra in talks with Nutricia owners - Story - Business - 3 News". Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
  131. ^ Obelleiro, Paola (23 February 2024). "El cártel de la leche se enfrenta a pagar miles de millones de euros a los productores perjudicados". elDiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 February 2024.

General and cited references

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Groupe Danone.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danone&oldid=1245395004#Danone_International_Prize_for_Nutrition"