Daniel Kanza
Daniel Kanza | |
|---|---|
| Premier Burgomaster of Léopoldville | |
| In office October 1960 – June 1962 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1909 Manianga, Luozi Territory, Belgian Congo |
| Died | 1990 |
| Political party | Alliance des Bakongo (?–1960) Alliance des Congolais (1960–) |
| Spouse | Élisabeth Mansangaza |
| Children | 7 |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Congo |
| Branch/service | Force Publique |
| Rank | Sergeant |
Daniel Kanza Kinsona (1909–1990) was a Congolese politician and a leading member of the Alliance des Bakongo. He served as Premier Burgomaster of the capital of the Congo, Léopoldville, from 1960 until 1962. He later served in the National Assembly.
Biography
[edit]Daniel Kanza was born in 1909[1] in the Manianga area of the Luozi Territory.[2] He received a Protestant Christian education before enlisting in the Force Publique, being stationed all over the Congo.[1] He reached the rank of sergeant. After his service he became a Protestant deacon.[3] Between 1929 and 1940 Kanza had seven children with Élisabeth Mansangaza,[4] including future sociologist and politician Sophie Kanza[5] and future politician and diplomat Thomas Kanza.[6] He worked as a functionary in the colonial administration.[7] In 1957 he became vice president of the Alliance des Bakongo (ABAKO) party. He was arrested after the Léopoldville riots of 4 January 1959.[1]
Kanza attended the Belgo-Congolese Round Table Conference in Brussels on behalf of ABAKO in January 1960, and was chosen to be a vice president of the talks.[8] He heavily criticized party president Joseph Kasa-Vubu for his attitude during the conference and his failure to consult other party members.[9] Kasa-Vubu also pushed for a federalist government, which Kanza strongly opposed in favor of a unitary system. He and two of his sons published a series of articles in a Congolese newspaper they ran that accused Kasa-Vubu of collaborating with France to divide the Congo.[10] After Kasa-Vubu walked out of the conference, Kanza attempted to assume leadership over the party but most members remained loyal to Kasa-Vubu.[1] During the conference questions were raised over whether Belgium should retain any powers or official responsibilities in the Congo after 30 June. Kanza was appointed to a committee formed to address the problem, and ultimately it was decided that the Congolese state should assume all responsibilities of governance.[11]
Kanza was expelled from ABAKO on 1 February. On 4 March, he announced the formation of a dissident wing of the party, which became known as ABAKO-Kanza.[9] This later transformed into the Alliance des Congolais (ALCO).[12] Most of Kanza's support came from the Manianga area of the Luozi Territory.[2] The Manianga Council, a regional association, unsuccessfully attempted to reconcile him and Kasa-Vubu.[13] In October he was elected Premier Burgomaster of Léopoldville.[14] The following year he dismissed all European members of the city council.[15] Kanza left office in June 1962[14] when ABAKO had him removed and replaced by a candidate they preferred.[16] In January 1965 a group of Maniangans nominated him as candidate for national senator in anticipation of upcoming elections. However, the Lower Congo provincial governor demanded personal loyalty from all local candidates. Kanza refused to pledge such, and as a result was not included on the ballot for ABAKO.[17] Yet by 1972 he was serving in the National Assembly.[6] He died in 1990.[4]
Citations
[edit]- ^ a b c d Hoskyns 1965, p. 499.
- ^ a b Young 1965, p. 558.
- ^ Artigue 1961, p. 125.
- ^ a b Quaghebeur & Tshibola Kalengayi 2008, p. 176.
- ^ "Samedi dernier au Sacré-Cœur de la Gombe: Pensée pieuse en mémoire de Marcel Lihau et Sophie Kanza" (in French). Groupe L'Avenir. 6 April 2015. Archived from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
- ^ a b West Africa 1972, p. 98.
- ^ Gérard-Libois 1960, p. 290.
- ^ Kanza 1978, p. 81.
- ^ a b Coleman & Rosberg 1964, p. 589.
- ^ Africa Bureau 1960, p. 139
- ^ Hoskyns 1965, pp. 42–43.
- ^ Ekambo 2010.
- ^ Janzen 1969, p. 574.
- ^ a b Smith, Sinclair & Ahmed 1995, p. 80.
- ^ Young 1965, p. 425.
- ^ LaFontaine 2008, p. 222.
- ^ Janzen 1969, pp. 591–592.
References
[edit]- Africa Bureau (1960). Africa Digest. Vol. 7–9. London: Africa Publications Trust.
- Artigue, Pierre (1961). Qui sont les leaders congolais? (in French). Vol. 3. Éditions Europe-Afrique.
- Coleman, James S.; Rosberg, Carl G. Jr., eds. (1964). Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa. University of California Press. LCCN 64-19636.
- Ekambo, Jean-Chrétien (2 April 2010). "Chronique Indépendance : la presse divise l'Abako et le MNC". Le Phare (in French). Archived from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
- Gérard-Libois, Jules, ed. (1960). Congo 1959. Brussels: Centre de Recherche et d'Information Sociopolitiques. OCLC 891524823. Archived from the original on 2016-03-14. Retrieved 2018-03-15.
- Hoskyns, Catherine (1965). The Congo Since Independence: January 1960 – December 1961. London: Oxford University Press.
- Janzen, John M. (1969). "The Politics of Apoliticality : Form and Process in a Lower Congo Régional Council". Cahiers d'études africaines. 9 (36): 570–599. doi:10.3406/cea.1969.3183. S2CID 33136907.
- Kanza, Thomas R. (1978). The rise and fall of Patrice Lumumba: conflict in the Congo (illustrated ed.). R. Collings. ISBN 9780860360681.
- LaFontaine, J.S. (2008). City Politics: A Study of Léopoldville 1962–63. American Studies (reprint ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 237883398.
- Quaghebeur, Marc; Tshibola Kalengayi, Bibiane, eds. (2008). Aspects de la culture à l'époque coloniale en Afrique centrale (in French). L'Harmattan. ISBN 9782296050709.
- Smith, Klytus; Sinclair, Abiola; Ahmed, Hannibal (1995). The Harlem cultural/political movements, 1960-1970: from Malcolm X to "Black is beautiful" (illustrated ed.). Gumbs & Thomas Publishers. ISBN 9780936073163.
- West Africa, Afrimedia International, 1972
- Young, Crawford (1965). Politics in the Congo: Decolonization and Independence. Princeton: Princeton University Press. OCLC 307971.