Daniel Da Pisa
Daniel Da Pisa (Hebrew: דניאל מפיזה) was one of the heads of the Jewish community at the beginning of the 16th century.[1]
He organized the community after large numbers of refugees arrived in the city in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, establishing eleven synagogues there.[2] They demanded representation in the community's administration, which was in charge of the city's Jews.[3] Da Pisa was in a position of control that influenced the allocation of public expenses among community members, and he created the bylaws of the new community.[4][5] The major struggle was between the "Italians" - the permanent residents of Rome and the old affiliates - against the newcomers who arrived "beyond the mountains" - the Alps - the Ashkenazim and also the exiles who arrived in the city from southern Italy - the kingdom of the Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.[6]
Da Pisa came from an important banking family from Rome, which moved to Tuscany, and he was a successful banker.[2] He was wealthy and cultured and accepted by the Medici family. He earned the esteem of Pope Clement VII, who was of Florentine origin from Tuscany.[1] He was the one who recommended to him to welcome David Reubeni.[7]
The banker wrote a constitution for the community, submitted it for its approval and the Pope gave it official approval in his bull dated December 12, 1524. And so it became binding on the community. According to it, bankers, nobles and men of modest wealth were summoned in equal number to choose representatives for the committee (congrega), which numbered 60 people - half Italians and half immigrants. Daniel Da Pisa was aided by the physician and Biblical commentator Rabbi Obadiah Sforno, and the physician Isaac Zarfati. If there was a tie, the Italians got an additional representative.
Next to them was an executive authority of three administrators (fattori), two overseers (camerllenghi) - one worked as a treasurer and the other as an accountant, and they rotated positions every six months. Additional decisions included that an excommunication would be approved by the administrators. It was also determined that a severe punishment "if a single small informer arises, acting maliciously, to spy and harm the community with words or deeds" - he can be brought to "complete ruin".
This leadership framework lasted until the 20th century.[8]
Further reading
[edit]- Milano, Attilio (1936). "I « Capitoli » di Daniel da Pisa e la Comunità di Roma". La Rassegna Mensile di Israel. 10 (9/10): 409–426. ISSN 0033-9792. JSTOR 41276541.
- Register of the Rome Community of 1655 - 1595, Edited with Introduction and Notes by Jacob Lats, Yad Ben Zvi and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 2012
References
[edit]- ^ a b "PISA, DA - JewishEncyclopedia.com". jewishencyclopedia.herokuapp.com. Retrieved 2024-03-22.
- ^ a b "Pisa, Da | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2024-03-22.
- ^ Poliakov, Léon (1977). Jewish bankers and the Holy See from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century. The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization. p. 133. ISBN 978-0197100288. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
- ^ Esposito, Anna (2007-01-01). "The Sephadic communities in Rome in the early sixteenth century". Imago Temporis Medium Aevum.
- ^ Brandfon, Fredric (2023). "Houseguests and Humanists: Philosophers, Poets, Prostitutes, and Pilgrims in Late Medieval and Renaissance Rome". Intimate Strangers: A History of Jews and Catholics in the City of Rome. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 74–94.
- ^ Stow, K. R. (1995-09-01). The Jews in Rome: The Roman Jew. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-10463-1.
- ^ Benmelech, Moti (2011). "History, Politics, and Messianism: David Ha-Reuveni's Origin and Mission". AJS Review. 35 (1): 35–60. doi:10.1017/S036400941100002X. ISSN 0364-0094. JSTOR 41310648.
- ^ Lattes, Yaakov A (1996). "The Constitutional Documents of The Italian Jewish Community". Jewish Political Studies Review. 8 (3/4): 11–65. JSTOR 25834363. Retrieved 24 March 2024.