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Dale Chihuly

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Dale Chihuly
Chihuly in 1992
Born
Dale Patrick Chihuly

(1941-09-20) September 20, 1941 (age 83)
Tacoma, Washington, U.S.
Education
College of Puget Sound
(MFA)
Known forGlass artist
Spouse
​
​
(m. 2005)​
[1]

Dale Chihuly (/tʃɪˈhuːli/ chih-HOO-lee; born September 20, 1941) is an American glass artist and entrepreneur. He is well known in the field of blown glass, "moving it into the realm of large-scale sculpture".[2]

Early life

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Dale Patrick Chihuly was born on September 20, 1941, in Tacoma, Washington.[3] His parents were George and Viola Chihuly; his paternal grandfather was born in Slovakia.[3] In 1957, his older brother and only sibling George died in a Navy aviation training accident in Pensacola, Florida.[4] In 1958, Chihuly's father died of a heart attack at the age of 51.[5][6]

Chihuly had no interest in continuing his formal education after graduating from Woodrow Wilson High School in 1959. However, at his mother's urging, he enrolled at the College of Puget Sound.[6] A year later, he transferred to the University of Washington in Seattle to study interior design. In 1961, he joined the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Kappa Epsilon chapter), and the same year he learned how to melt and fuse glass.[4] In 1962, Chihuly dropped out of the university to study art in Florence. He later traveled to the Middle East where he met architect Robert Landsman. Their meeting and his time abroad spurred Chihuly to return to his studies. In 1963, he took a weaving class where he incorporated glass shards into tapestries. He received an award for his work from the Seattle Weavers Guild in 1964.[4] Chihuly graduated from the University of Washington in 1965 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in interior design.[6]

Chihuly began experimenting with glassblowing in 1965, and in 1966 he received a full scholarship to attend the University of Wisconsin–Madison.[4] He studied under Harvey Littleton, who had established the first glass program in the United States at the university. In 1967, Chihuly received a Master of Science degree in sculpture. After graduating, he enrolled at the Rhode Island School of Design, where he met and became close friends with Italo Scanga. Chihuly earned a Master of Fine Arts degree in sculpture from the RISD in 1968. That same year, he was awarded a Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation grant for his work in glass, as well as a Fulbright Fellowship.[4] He traveled to Venice to work at the Venini factory on the island of Murano, where he first saw the team approach to blowing glass.[7] After returning to the United States, Chihuly spent the first of four consecutive summers teaching at the Haystack Mountain School of Crafts in Deer Isle, Maine. In 1969, he traveled to Europe, in part to meet Erwin Eisch in Germany and Stanislav Libenský and Jaroslava Brychtová in Czechoslovakia.[4] Chihuly donated a portion of a large exhibit to his alma mater, the University of Wisconsin, in 1997 and it is on permanent display in the Kohl Center. In 2013 the university awarded him an Honorary Doctorate of Fine Arts.

Career

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Chihuly at Kew Gardens

In 1971, with the support of John Hauberg and Anne Gould Hauberg, Chihuly co-founded the Pilchuck Glass School near Stanwood, Washington. Chihuly also founded the HillTop Artists program in Tacoma, Washington at Hilltop Heritage Middle School and Wilson High School.

In 1976, while Chihuly was in England, he was involved in a head-on car accident that propelled him through the windshield.[8] His face was severely cut by glass and he was blinded in his left eye. After recovering, he continued to blow glass until he dislocated his right shoulder in 1979 while bodysurfing.[9]

In 1983, Chihuly returned to his native Pacific Northwest where he continued to develop his own work at the Pilchuck Glass School, which he had helped to found in 1971. No longer able to hold the glassblowing pipe, he hired others to do the work. Chihuly explained the change in a 2006 interview, saying "Once I stepped back, I liked the view", and said that it allowed him to see the work from more perspectives, enabling him to anticipate problems earlier. Chihuly's role has been described as "more choreographer than dancer, more supervisor than participant, more director than actor".[1] San Diego Union-Tribune reporter Erin Glass wrote that she "wonders at the vision of not just the artist Chihuly, but the very successful entrepreneur Chihuly, whose estimated sales by 2004 was reported by The Seattle Times as $29 million."[10]

Chihuly and his team of artists were the subjects of the documentary Chihuly Over Venice. They were also featured in the documentary Chihuly in the Hotshop, syndicated to public television stations by American Public Television starting on November 1, 2008.[11]

In 2010, the Space Needle Corporation submitted a proposal for an exhibition of Chihuly's work at a site in the Seattle Center, in competition with proposals for other uses from several other groups.[12][13] The project, which sees the new Chihuly exhibition hall occupy the site of the former Fun Forest amusement park in the Seattle Center park and entertainment complex, received the final approval from the Seattle City Council on April 25, 2011.[14] Called Chihuly Garden and Glass, it opened May 21, 2012.[15][16]

2006 lawsuit

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In 2006, Chihuly filed a lawsuit against his former longtime employee, glassblower Bryan Rubino, and businessman Robert Kaindl, claiming copyright and trademark infringement. Kaindl's pieces used titles Chihuly had employed for his own works, such as Seaforms and Ikebana, and resembled the construction of Chihuly's pieces. Legal experts stated that influence on art style did not constitute copyright infringement.[17][18] Chihuly settled the lawsuit with Rubino initially,[19] and later with Kaindl as well.[20]

Works

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Further information: List of works by Dale Chihuly
Chihuly's The Sun was on temporary display until January 2006 at Kew Gardens, in London
Yellow Chandelier at the Tower of David Museum, in Jerusalem

Regina Hackett, a Seattle Post-Intelligencer art critic, provided a chronology of Chihuly's work during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s:

A Chihuly chandelier at the V&A Museum
  • 1975: Navajo Blanket Series, in which patterns of Navajo blankets were painted onto glass
  • 1977: Northwest Coast Basket Series, baskets inspired by Northwest coast Indian baskets he had seen as a child
  • 1980: Seaform Series, transparent sculptures of thin glass, strengthened by ribbed strands of color
  • 1981: Macchia Series, featuring every color available in the studio
  • 1986: Persian Series, inspired by Middle East glass from the 12th- to 14th-century, featuring more restrained color and room-sized installations
  • 1988: Venetian Series, improvisations based on Italian Art Deco
  • 1989: Ikebana Series, glass flower arrangements inspired by ikebana
  • 1990: Venetian Series returns, this time in a more eccentric form
  • 1991: Niijima Floats, six-foot spheres of intricate color inspired by Japanese glass fishing floats from the island of Niijima[21] from Chihuly's website
  • 1992: Chandeliers, starting modestly but by the middle of the decade involving a multitude of glass orbs and shapes that in some works look like flowers, others like breasts, and still others like snakes. Chihuly has also produced a sizable volume of "Irish cylinders",[22] which are more modest in conception than his blown glass works.

For his exhibition in Jerusalem, in 1999–2000, in addition to the glass pieces, he had enormous blocks of transparent ice brought in from an Alaskan artesian well and formed a wall, echoing the stones of the nearby Citadel. Lights with color gels were set up behind them for illumination. Chihuly said the melting wall represented the "dissolution of barriers" between people.[23] This exhibit holds the world record for most visitors to a temporary exhibit with more than 1.3 million visitors.[24]

In 1999, Chihuly's "Millenium Tree" was present in the East Wing of the Clinton White House during a Millenium celebration. The tree now resides in the William J. Clinton Presidential Library and Museum.[25]

Two of Chihuly's pieces can also be found at two casino resorts owned by MGM Resorts International: one in the reception area of the Bellagio on the Las Vegas Strip,[26] and the other in the VIP lobby of the MGM Macau in Macau, China.[27] The piece at the Bellagio, titled Fiori di Como, holds the Guinness World Record for largest glass sculpture.[28] In July 2001, in response to positive feedback from guests who viewed the installation at Bellagio, Chihuly partnered with Bellagio to open a store that sold some of the artist's original works, as well as books and videos about the artist.[29][30] However, the store has since been marked permanently closed on Google Maps.[31]

Exhibitions

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Permanent collections

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Chihuly's art appears in over 400 permanent collections all over the world, including in the United States, Canada, England, Israel, China, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, and Australia.[87] Chihuly's largest permanent exhibit is at the Oklahoma City Museum of Art. Other large collections can be found at the Morean Arts Center in St. Petersburg, Florida,[88] and Chihuly Garden and Glass in Seattle, Washington. Four large-scale installations are on permanent display at the Baker Museum in Naples, Florida.[89]

Recognition

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References

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  1. ^ a b Hackett, Regina (18 April 2006). "Chihuly victimized by his own success?". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  2. ^ "Chihuly: Through the looking glass". Museum of Fine Arts Boston. Archived from the original on 24 December 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  3. ^ a b "Dale Chihuly – Legendary Master of Glass". Northwest Prime Time. 1 May 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Kuspit, Donald B. (1998). Chihuly (2nd ed.). Seattle: Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
  5. ^ "Renowned Glass Artist's Mother Dies at 98". Spokesman.com. Spokane Spokesman-Review. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  6. ^ a b c Chihuly, Dale. "Timeline". Chihuly.com. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  7. ^ "Learn More". Chihuly. Chihuly Studio. Archived from the original on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2014. From his personal website.
  8. ^ Graves, Jen (February 2006). "Glass Houses: Dale Chihuly Files a Lawsuit That Raises Big Questions... About Dale Chihuly". The Stranger. Archived from the original on 27 November 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
  9. ^ ANGLIN BURGARD, TIMOTHY. "Chihuly the Artist: Breathing Life into Glass". chihuly.com. Chihuly, Inc. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
  10. ^ Glass, Erin (22 April 2010). "'Chihuly' a site-specific explosion of art at Salk". San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on 30 July 2016.
  11. ^ "Chihuly Over Venice". Chihuly.com. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  12. ^ Heffter, Emily (10 June 2010), "Chihuly glass museum proposed at Seattle Center where Fun Forest stood", Seattle Times, archived from the original on 12 March 2010
  13. ^ Heffter, Emily (10 June 2010), "In a second attempt to sell the city and the public on a Dale Chihuly glass exhibit at Seattle Center", Seattle Times, archived from the original on 2010-06-13
  14. ^ Davis, Ben (28 April 2011). "Divisive Dale Chihuly Glass-Art 'Museum' Approved for Former Seattle Amusement Park". ArtInfo. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
  15. ^ "Chihuly Garden and Glass Opens with Dedication Ceremony on Monday, May 21". PRNewswire. 21 May 2012. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
  16. ^ Riefe, Jordan (21 May 2012). "Dale Chihuly's 'Glass House' Shines in Seattle". Reuters. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
  17. ^ "Glass warfare". St. Petersburg Times. 2006-06-11. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  18. ^ O'Hagan, Maureen (2005-12-20). "Glass artist Chihuly's lawsuit tests limits of copyrighting art". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  19. ^ Farr, Sheila; Kelleher, Susan (2006-08-15). "Artists Chihuly, Rubino settle claims; suit against entrepreneur unresolved". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on 2012-10-20. Retrieved 2010-02-25.
  20. ^ Kelleher, Susan (2006-12-19). Chihuly, rival glass artist settle dispute. Retrieved 20 December 2012. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  21. ^ "Chihuly - Niijima". 18 November 2010. Archived from the original on 18 November 2010.
  22. ^ "Cylinder". Archived from the original on June 27, 2008.
  23. ^ Cohen, Jay (4 October 1999). "Cooling a hotbed of unrest in Mideast?". Deseret News. Archived from the original on March 18, 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
  24. ^ "Jerusalem 2000". www.tod.org.il. Archived from the original on 2018-05-10. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  25. ^ Core, Dublin (31 December 1999). "The Clintons Pose in front of a Dale Chihuly sculpture". Clinton Digital Library. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  26. ^ Padgett, Sonya (21 March 2013). "Chihuly's art blossoms at Bellagio and beyond". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  27. ^ "Press release by MGM Macau mentioning Chihuly shop (search for "Chihuly retail")" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 19, 2012.
  28. ^ "Largest glass sculpture (supported)". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  29. ^ McGee, Kimberley (16 July 2001). "Chihuly's work on display — and for sale — at Bellagio". Las Vegas Sun. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  30. ^ "Via Fiore". Bellagio Las Vegas. Archived from the original on 10 July 2012.
  31. ^ "Chihuly Gallery". Google Maps. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  32. ^ "Chihuly Exhibition". Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  33. ^ "Chihuly Over Venice". Chihuly.com. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010.
  34. ^ "Dale Chihuly - Artist - Chihuly in the Light of Jerusalem 2000". Chihuly.com. Archived from the original on 2010-11-18. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  35. ^ "Dale Chihuly - Masterworks in Glass". Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  36. ^ Hawkins Opie, Jennifer, ed. (2001). Chihuly at the V&A. V&A Publications in association with Portland Press.
  37. ^ "Glass Master". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 2014-11-12.
  38. ^ "Highlights". Archived from the original on February 11, 2010.
  39. ^ James Morley (2006-01-15). "Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Current events: Gardens of glass: Chihuly at Kew: The Exhibition". Rbgkew.org.uk. Archived from the original on 30 March 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  40. ^ "Art : Modern and Contemporary American Art | Kalamazoo Institute of Arts (KIA)". Kiarts.org. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  41. ^ "Fairchild". Archived from the original on November 19, 2010.
  42. ^ "Calendar". Mobot.org. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  43. ^ "Oisterwijk Sculptuur". Archived from the original on 2006-06-14. Retrieved 2006-06-09.
  44. ^ "CHIHULY Exhibition » New York Botanical Garden". New York Botanical Garden. Archived from the original on September 29, 2006.
  45. ^ "Baylor University || Mayborn Museum | FINAL WEEKS! Wrapped in Tradition: The Chihuly Collection of American Indian Trade Blankets". www.baylor.edu. Retrieved 2017-05-25.
  46. ^ "Chihuly at Phipps". Retrieved 2015-02-06.
  47. ^ "chihulyatthedeyoung.org". chihulyatthedeyoung.org. Archived from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  48. ^ "Visit the Desert Botanical Garden | Desert Botanical Garden in Phoenix, AZ". Dbg.org. 2012-10-05. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  49. ^ "illuminated". Archived from the original on December 23, 2010.
  50. ^ "The Phil in Naples". Thephil.org. Archived from the original on 2013-01-14. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  51. ^ "Cheekwood Estate & Gardens in Nashville". Cheekwood Estate & Gardens | Nashville, Tennessee. Archived from the original on August 19, 2010.
  52. ^ "Chihuly at the Salk". Salk.edu. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  53. ^ "Chihuly at Frederik Meijer Gardens & Sculpture Park: A New Eden". MeijerGardens.org. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
  54. ^ "Chihuly at the Frist". Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  55. ^ "Chihuly | Museum of Fine Arts, Boston". Mfa.org. 10 April 2011. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  56. ^ "Chihuly". Dallasarboretum.org. Archived from the original on 2012-11-15. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  57. ^ "VMFA: At The Museum: Chihuly at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts". Vmfa.state.va.us. 2012-10-20. Archived from the original on 21 December 2012. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  58. ^ "VMFA: Chihuly at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal". mbam.qc.ca. 2013-06-23. Archived from the original on 2013-07-05. Retrieved 2013-06-22.
  59. ^ "Chihuly in the Garden Exhibition". Desert Botanical Garden. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  60. ^ "Chihuly Denver". Denver Botanic Gardens. Visit Denver. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  61. ^ "A Dale Chihuly Exhibition at The Clinton Presidential Library & Museum + FOOD: Cajun Shrimp Fettuccine Alfredo". Arts & Food. 13 July 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  62. ^ "Chihuly Venetians". Archived from the original on 2016-01-20.
  63. ^ Kang, Yoon (31 March 2016). "CHIHULY". Retrieved 2016-07-26.
  64. ^ "Chihuly in the Garden". Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  65. ^ "CHIHULY » New York Botanical Garden". New York Botanical Garden. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  66. ^ "Chihuly: In the Forest". Crystal Bridges. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  67. ^ "Chihuly at the Catalina Island Museum | Chihuly". www.chihuly.com.
  68. ^ "Around the Globe with Artist Dale Chihuly". Biltmore. January 10, 2018.
  69. ^ "Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew - What's on - Chihuly: Reflections on nature". kew.org. 2019-04-13.
  70. ^ "Chihuly: Celebrating Nature". Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  71. ^ "Chihuly Bridge at the Wichita Art Museum".
  72. ^ "Chihuly at Cheekwood". Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  73. ^ "New Orleans Botanical Garden in New Orleans City Park". Chihuly. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  74. ^ "Artis-Naples, The Baker Museum". Chihuly. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  75. ^ "Whitestone Gallery: Karuizawa". Chihuly. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  76. ^ "Chihuly: Whitestone Tokyo 2021". Whitestone Gallery. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  77. ^ "Dale Chihuly: Glass in Bloom". Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  78. ^ "Sandra Ainsley Gallery". Chihuly. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  79. ^ "Desert Botanical Garden & Taliesin West". Chihuly. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  80. ^ "Chihuly". Schantz Galleries. 23 November 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  81. ^ "Dale Chihuly". Traver Gallery. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  82. ^ "A Lasting Friendship: Gerard Cafesjian and Dale Chihuly".
  83. ^ "Dale Chihuly: Blanket Cyliners 1975-2016". Chihuly. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  84. ^ "Dale Chihuly's Laguna Murano Chandelier – LRMA".
  85. ^ "Chihuly in the Garden 2023". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  86. ^ "Chihuly in the Botanic Garden". Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium. 21 August 2024. Archived from the original on 7 October 2024. Retrieved 7 October 2024.
  87. ^ "Exhibitions | Chihuly".
  88. ^ "Chihuly Collection Present by Morean Arts Center". Morean Arts Center. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  89. ^ "Chihuly Collection". Artis–Naples. 29 March 2024. Archived from the original on 29 March 2024.
  90. ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  91. ^ "American Craft Council's Gold Medal".
  92. ^ "Fritz Redlich Alumni Award".

Further reading

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Bibliography

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  • Chihuly Over Venice by William Warmus and Dana Self. Seattle: Portland Press, 1996.
  • Chihuly by Donald Kuspit. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1998.
  • The Essential Dale Chihuly by William Warmus. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2000.
  • Dale Chihuly:365 Days. Margaret L. Kaplan, Editor. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2008.
  • Chihuly Drawing, illustrated by Chihuly, with an essay by Nathan Kernan. Portland Press, 2003, ISBN 1-57684-019-0
  • Warmus, William; Oldknow, Tina (2020). Venice and American Studio Glass. Milan: Skira. ISBN 9788857243870.
[edit]
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