Dacian fortress of Căpâlna

Dacian fortress of Căpâlna
	Panoramic view from south-west of fortress hill
	Shown within Romania
Location	Dealul Gărgălău, Căpâlna, Alba, Romania
Coordinates	45°49′20″N 23°36′12″E / 45.822257°N 23.603470°E
Altitude	650 m (2,133 ft)
History
Founded	c. 50 BC
Abandoned	106 AD
Events	Trajan's Dacian Wars
Site notes
Excavation dates	1982 - 1983
Archaeologists	Mihail Macrea; Ion Berciu; Ioan Glodariu;
Condition	Ruined
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Reference no.	906
Monument istoric
Reference no.	AB-I-s-A-00020

Situated at the top of a steep hill, the Dacian fortress of Căpâlna was built in the second half of the 1st century BC as a military defense, guarding the entrance from the Sebeș Valley to the capital of the Dacian kingdom, Sarmizegetusa Regia.

It is supposed that the fortress was the residence of a Dacian chieftain. Archeological findings include ceramics, iron and bronze tools, silver and bronze jewellery and Roman coins from the Republican and Imperial periods. Around 2002 - 2003 a gold necklace and two gold earrings were discovered here.^[1]

The fortress was witness to Dacian - Roman battles during Trajan's Dacian Wars. In the first war, the fort was occupied by the Romans. Ultimately, it was burnt and destroyed by the Romans around 106 AD.

The fortress is encircled by an elliptical wall (c. 270 m long). The wall was partially destroyed during the first war, and was hastily rebuilt just before the second war.

Inside two terraces were found. On the higher level terrace, at the highest point, an observatory tower existed.

A tower house (9.5 m x 9.5 m) was positioned strategically near the main fortified gate. A second gate positioned through the Sebeș Valley was blocked after the first war, sometime after 102 AD. The fort follows the architectural principles of the Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains; the wall being the typical murus Dacicus. Outside the fortification three defensive ditches were found.

During excavations from 1982 - 1983, Dacian sanctuary ruins were found.

The site was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999.