Cyrba
| Cyrba | |
|---|---|
| |
| Cyrba algerina | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Spartaeinae |
| Genus: | Cyrba Simon, 1876 |
| Type species | |
| Salticus algerinus Lucas, 1846
| |
| Species | |
Cyrba is a genus of spiders in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders). The genus was erected by Hippolyte Lucas in 1846.
Description
[edit]Cyrba spiders are small to medium size spiders that are usually brightly colored. Their cephalothorax is long and moderately high. The eyes are lateral. The abdomen is long with bright colorful patterns. Their legs are thin and slender.[1] The genus has been described as primitive because of their pervasive use of webs, large posterior median eyes, and the secretory organs on the femora of males. These characteristics were lost by advanced salticids. The genus are also almost wholly dependent on their vision.[2] The primary mating season for the spider C. algerina is May. Juveniles emerge in July, grow to about half the adult size by winter, and then grow to adult size in the spring of the following year.[3] The genus is commonly found on very rocky ground under rocks, or less often walking around on the ground or on the tops of rocks.[4]
Silk and eggs
[edit]The spider spins silk on which to moult. Cyrba makes an egg sac by spinning a thick silk sheet on the side of a rock, and then ovipositing the eggs in the center, covering them with another layer of silk. The egg sacs have clusters of white spots. Cyrba spiders generally stay with their eggs until they hatch. In a laboratory, they do not spin silk for moulting or resting.[5]
Diet
[edit]Spiders in this genus feed on other spiders, and prefer them to insects. They also feed on any insect that is caught in their silk. In a laboratory test to see if Cyrba spiders would attack other salticids, they did not.[6] The spider C. algerina is the only spider in the genus that is known to hunt at night.[3]
Species
[edit]As of July 2020[update], the World Spider Catalog accepted 9 species:
- Cyrba algerina (Lucas, 1846) – Canary Islands to Central Asia
- Cyrba boveyi Lessert, 1933 – Central Africa
- Cyrba dotata Peckham & Peckham, 1903 – South Africa
- Cyrba legendrei Wanless, 1984 – Madagascar, Comoro Islands
- Cyrba lineata Wanless, 1984 – South Africa
- Cyrba nigrimana Simon, 1900 – South, East Africa
- Cyrba ocellata (Kroneberg, 1875) – Somalia, Sudan to China, Australia
- Cyrba simoni Wijesinghe, 1993 – tropical Africa
- Cyrba szechenyii Karsch, 1898 – Hong Kong
References
[edit]- ^ Sebastian, P. A.; Peter, K.V. (2009). Spiders of India. Universities Press. p. 288. ISBN 9788173716416.
- ^ Wanless, F.R. (1984). "A revision of the spider genus Cyrba (Araneae: Salticidae) with the description of a new presumptive pheromone dispersing organ". Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology. 47: 445–481. doi:10.5962/p.21842. Retrieved 2010-05-13.
- ^ a b Guseinov, Elchin F.; Cerveira, Ana M.; Jackson, Robert R. (2004). "The predatory strategy, natural diet, and life cycle of Cyrba algerina, an araneophagic jumping spider (Salticidae: Spartaeinae) from Azerbaijan". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 31 (4): 291. doi:10.1080/03014223.2004.9518382.
- ^ Robert R. Jackson: "Predatory versatility and intraspecific interactions of Cyrba algerina and Cyrba ocellata, web-invading spartaeine jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)" in: New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 1990, Vol. 17, pp. 157-168
- ^ New Zealand Journal of Zoology (1900). New Zealand Journal of Zoology. pp. 158–159.
- ^ New Zealand Journal of Zoology (1900). Jackson. p. 157.