Cyperus longus
| Galingale | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Cyperaceae |
| Genus: | Cyperus |
| Species: | C. longus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Cyperus longus | |
Cyperus longus is a species of sedge known by the common names of sweet cyperus and water rush in Africa,[1] or in Britain galingale[2] (a variant name of galangal, an unrelated plant).
Description
[edit]It is a tall plant, growing up to one metre (3 ft 3 in) in height, with creeping rhizomes and erect, triangular stems, each terminating in an inflorescence. The species grows in shallow water or on damp ground, such as at pond edges.[3]
The holotype was collected in Italy.
Distribution
[edit]It is a widespread species found across Africa, southern Europe, the Indian subcontinent and western Asia.[1] It incidentally occurs in Wallonia as a native.[4] It is also found in western France, south Wales and southern England, where it may or not originally be native.[3] It has recently (since the 1990s) spread northwards to Flanders and the Netherlands where it occurs in scattered adventive populations.[4] It has also been introduced to Tristan da Cunha and Western Australia.[1]
Subspecies
[edit]Cyperus longus L. subsp. longus - the typical subspecies. Loose inflorescence with numerous (2–10) elongated rays (to 35 cm), very uneven, the most elongated bearing inflorescences with rays extending far beyond the median cluster ("épi"). Spikelets 4-25(60) mm. Glumes usually red, with a well-developed hyaline margin.[5]
Cyperus longus subsp. badius (Desf.) Bonnier & Layens - Inflorescence tighter, with few (2–5) short rays (to 5 cm rarely more, not exceeding the median cluster ("épi")), less uneven, heads often quite compact. Spikelets 4–12 mm. Glumes usually somewhat brownish with no or poorly developed hyaline margin, with a similar distribution.[6][7][8]
Uses
[edit]The thick, long, yellowish rhizomes of these plants are traditionally harvested to distil a sweet-scented oil which is used in the perfume industry. The stalks were formerly traditionally processed into paper. There were also folk medicines made from this plant in Europe, the rhizomes being used for stomach aches and the onset of dropsy. It is used at present as an ornamental plant, used for lining ponds.[4]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Cyperus longus L." Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
- ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ^ a b Rose, Francis (1989). Colour identification guide to the grasses, sedges, rushes and ferns of the British Isles and north-western Europe. London: Viking. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-67080-688-1.
- ^ a b c Dijkstra, K.M. (2022). "Rood cypergras - Cyperus longus". Wilde planten in Nederland en België (in Dutch). K.M. Dijkstra. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
- ^ Plants of the World Online (with map) (ssp longus)
- ^ Plants of the World Online (with map) (ssp badius)
- ^ Tutin. Flora Europaea.
- ^ Flore du Nord Africa, vol. 4, Maine (French)
External links
[edit]
Media related to Cyperus longus at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Cyperus longus at Wikispecies
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