Cussonia arborea

Cussonia arborea
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Apiales
Family:	Araliaceae
Genus:	Cussonia
Species:	C. arborea
Binomial name
	Cussonia arborea; Hochst. ex A.Rich.

Cussonia arborea is a deciduous small to medium sized tree within the family Araliaceae. Extracts of the species are widely used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments.^[1]

Description

A multi-branched tree, the species can reach an height of 15 m, while its trunk can reach 45 cm in diameter.^[1] The bark is thick, corky and deeply furrowed, grey to dark grey in color. The leaves are palmately compound, with 3-9 leaflets or it can be simple, leaves are deeply lobed when mature and tend to have a leathery glabrous to glabrescent upper surface, its young leaves tend to be tomentose; leaflets are 6-30 cm long and 2-18 cm wide. Leaflets are obovate to elliptical in outline, the margin is commonly entire to crenate and the apex tend to be acute or acuminate while the base tend to be cuneate. Flowers are in umbels of spikes that points to different directions, up to 15 spikes per umbel, the fruit is globose or ovoid in shape, dark purple and up to 5 mm long.

Distribution

The species is widely distributed in West, Central and East Africa.^[1] From Guinea and Senegal in West Africa westwards to Eritrea and Ethiopia in the horn of Africa and southwards to Zimbabwe. It occurs in open forests, woodlands and savannahs.^[1]

Chemistry

Rutin and quinic acid esters have been isolated from the methanol extracts of the species.^[2] Triterpene saponins, including Cussonosides A and B have been isolated from the species.

Uses

Bark decoction is used to treat malaria in Nigeria.^[3] In Ghana, Malawi and Zimbabwe, extracts are used to treat mental health related issues.^[1] Its leaves are used in a decoction to treat rheumatism and oedema.^[1] A water decoction of bark extracts is used as a topical treatment of gonorrhea and a root decoction is drunk for the treatment of diarrhea.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f De Villiers, Bernard (2012). A taxonomic study of the genus Cussonia and related genera (Araliaceae) (PhD thesis). University of Johannesburg.
^ Papajewski, S.; Vogler, B.; Conrad, J.; Klaiber, I.; Roos, G.; Walter, C.; Süßmuth, R.; Kraus, W. (2001). "Isolation from Cussonia barteri of 1′- O -Chlorogenoylchlorogenic Acid and 1′- O -Chlorogenoylneochlorogenic Acid, a New Type of Quinic Acid Esters". Planta Medica. 67 (8): 732–736. doi:10.1055/s-2001-18338. ISSN 0032-0943. PMID 11731915. S2CID 260281975.
^ Dubois, M.; Ilyas, M.; Wagner, H. (1986). "Cussonosides A and B, two Triterpene-saponins from Cussonia barteri". Planta Medica. 52 (2): 80–83. doi:10.1055/s-2007-969084. ISSN 0032-0943. S2CID 260248342.

[:0-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f De Villiers, Bernard (2012). A taxonomic study of the genus Cussonia and related genera (Araliaceae) (PhD thesis). University of Johannesburg.

[2] Papajewski, S.; Vogler, B.; Conrad, J.; Klaiber, I.; Roos, G.; Walter, C.; Süßmuth, R.; Kraus, W. (2001). "Isolation from Cussonia barteri of 1′- O -Chlorogenoylchlorogenic Acid and 1′- O -Chlorogenoylneochlorogenic Acid, a New Type of Quinic Acid Esters". Planta Medica. 67 (8): 732–736. doi:10.1055/s-2001-18338. ISSN 0032-0943. PMID 11731915. S2CID 260281975.

[3] Dubois, M.; Ilyas, M.; Wagner, H. (1986). "Cussonosides A and B, two Triterpene-saponins from Cussonia barteri". Planta Medica. 52 (2): 80–83. doi:10.1055/s-2007-969084. ISSN 0032-0943. S2CID 260248342.

[1]

[2]

[3]