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Crinozoa

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Crinozoa
Temporal range: Cambrian - Recent
Crinoid on the reef of Batu Moncho Island, Indonesia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Subphylum: Crinozoa
Matsumoto 1929
Classes

Crinozoa is a subphylum of mostly sessile echinoderms, of which the crinoids, or sea lilies and feather stars, are the only extant members.[1][2] Crinozoans have an extremely extensive fossil history.[citation needed]

Classes within Crinozoa

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As published in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Crinozoa included all stemmed groups except for the few stemmed basal solutes.[3] When Blastozoa was erected to contain stalked forms with brachioles rather than arms, only Crinoidea and Paracrinoidea remained within Crinozoa.[4][5] Recent cladistic work has placed Paracrinoidea under Blastozoa,[6] although some sources continue to include Paracrinoidea.[2]

One proposal for the cladistic placement of the Homalozoan classes groups Stylophora together with crinoids to form Crinozoa.[7] A 2024 survey of recent research finds more support for Homalozoa as a paraphyletic assemblage along the echinoderm stem group, but noted that the position of Stylophora in particular was uncertain.[8]

If neither Paracrinoidea nor Stylophora can be included, Crinozoa would be equivalent to the Crinoidea total group.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Newton & Dennis 2021
  2. ^ a b "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Crinozoa". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  3. ^ Ubaghs 1967, pp. S51–S52
  4. ^ Sprinkle 1973, p. 4
  5. ^ Sprinkle 1980, p. 26
  6. ^ Limbeck et al. 2024
  7. ^ David et al. 2000, pp. 547–551
  8. ^ Rahman & Zamora 2024, pp. 308–310

Works cited

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