Cow blowing
Cow blowing,[1] Kuhblasen,[2] phooka, or doom dev[3] is a process in which a farmer forcefully blows exhaled air into a cow's vulva or anus to supposedly induce her to produce more milk.
Cow blowing was the reason why Gandhi disliked dairy products, saying that "since I had come to know that the cow and the buffalo were subjected to the process of phooka, I had conceived a strong disgust for milk."[4]
The practice has been illegal in New Zealand since 2018.[5] In 2020 the New Zealand Dairy Industry Awards revoked their 'Share Farmer of the Year' award over tweets promoting cow blowing.[6]
Distribution according to Plischke (1954)
[edit]| People | Area | Author | Year | See (also) | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kalmyk (Mongolian people) | southern Russian steppe | Peter Simon Pallas | 1776 | ||
| Scythians | Herodotus | 5th century BC | (to horses) | ||
| Yakuts | Lena River (Siberia) | Gerhard Friedrich Müller | 1736 | ||
| Ethiopians | Ethiopia | I. M. Hildebrandt | 1874 | ||
| Kaffa | Friedrich J. Bieber | 1920 | |||
| Nuer | H. A. Bernatzik | 1929 | E. E. Evans-Pritchard (1951); Luz H, Herz W (1976) | ||
| Dinka | H. A. Bernatzik | 1930 | |||
| Baggara Arabs | Kordofan | McMichael | 1924 | ||
| Somali | C. Keller | 1894 | |||
| Oromo | Ph. Paulischke | 1893 | |||
| Wasiba (part of Haya people) | Kagera Region | H. Rehse | 1910 | Per Rehse, Wasiba insert their arm into the cow anus up the elbow for the same purpose | |
| Turu people | E. Sick | 1915 | |||
| Wagogo | H. Clauss | 1911 | |||
| Khoikhoi | South Africa | Peter Kolb | 1719 | ||
| Masa people | Logone area south of Chad | A. Rühe | 1938 | ||
| Chinese | Tung River (China) | I. H. Edgar | 1924 | Dadu River (Sichuan province) | |
| India | T. Murari | 1937 | Mahatma Gandhi (1927/1929) | phooka | |
| Alps (Untergurgl, upper Ötztal), Pfitscher Joch | 1939 | ||||
| Pyrenees | 1939 |
Literature
[edit]- Hans Plischke: "Das Kuhblasen. Eine völkerkundliche Miszelle zu Herodot,' Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, Berlin: Reimer, Bd. 79, 1954, S. 1-7.
- H. A. Bernatzik: Zwischen Weißem Nil und Belgisch-Kongo. Wien 1929
- Isaac Schapera: The Khoisan Peoples of South Africa. London 1930
- Tadeusz Margul: "Present-Day Worship of the Cow in India." In: Numen, Vol. 15, No. 1 (Feb., 1968), pp. 63–80
- Florence Burgat: "Non-Violence Towards Animals in the Thinking of Gandhi: the Problem of Animal Husbandry." In: Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, Volume 17, Number 3 / Mai 2004, Seiten 223-248
- Hubert Kroll: "Das Zurückhalten der Milch bei Rindern und ihre Behandlung bei afrikanischen Hirtenstämmen." In: Milchwirtschaftliches Zentralblatt (1928), Jg. 57, Heft 22, S. 349-350
- Hubert Kroll: "Die Haustiere der Bantu." In: Zeitschrift für Ethnologie Bd. 60, S. 247-248
- Sture Lagercrantz: Contribution of the Ethnography of Africa. Lund: Håkan Ohlssons 1950 (mit Karte zur Verbreitung in Afrika, auch zur Verbreitung des milking with dummy-calves ("Melkens mit Kalbspuppen")
References
[edit]- ^ Clancy, Shae (1999). "Cattle In Early Ireland". Celtic Well. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Sierksma, F. (1963). "Sacred Cairns in Pastoral Cultures". History of Religions. 2 (2): 227–241. doi:10.1086/462462. ISSN 0018-2710. JSTOR 1062065. S2CID 162204945.
- ^ "The Prevention of cruelty to animals act, 1960 (paragraph 12)" (PDF).
- ^ Gandhi, Mohandas K. (1927). The Story of My Experiments with Truth. pp. part 5, chapter XXIX.
- ^ "Animal Welfare (Care and Procedures) Regulations 2018".
- ^ Taunton, Esther (July 10, 2020). "Dairy farmer stripped of national title after offensive tweets surface". Stuff. Retrieved October 7, 2024.
External links
[edit]- Sierksma, F. (1963). "Sacred Cairns in Pastoral Cultures". History of Religions. 2 (2): 227–241. doi:10.1086/462462. ISSN 0018-2710. JSTOR 1062065. S2CID 162204945.
- Laws relating to animal rights (Indian Laws)