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Cottus (fish)

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Cottus
Cottus cognatus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Scorpaeniformes
Family: Cottidae
Subfamily: Cottinae
Genus: Cottus
Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Cottus gobio
Synonyms

Cottus is a genus of the mainly freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. They are often referred to as the "freshwater sculpins", as they are the principal genus of sculpins to be found in fresh water. They are native to the Palearctic and Nearctic.[1]

They are small fish, mostly less than 15 cm (6 in) in length, although a few species can reach twice that size.[1]

Taxonomy

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Cottus was first proposed as a genus by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of the Systema Naturae when he described the European bullhead (Cottus gobio) and in 1850 this species was designated as the type species of the genus by the French ichthyologist Charles Frédéric Girard.[2] The 5th edition of the Fishes of the World classifies this genus within the subfamily Cottinae of the family Cottidae.[3] Other authorities have found that the Cottidae, as delimited in the 5th edition of Fishes of the World, is paraphyletic and that the monophyletic grouping is the freshwater sculpins, including the Baikal sculpins, while most of the marine taxa are classified within the family Psychrolutidae. [4] Cottus kazika has been found to be outside of a monophyletic Cottus and has been classified in the monospecific genus Rheopresbe.[5]

Species

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There are currently around 70 recognized species in this genus:[1][6]

Etymology

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Cottus is derived from the Greek kottos, and is a latinisation that word, the original form of it being koviós or kóthos. This is likely to mean "head" and is the word for a small fish with a large head, and is now used for sculpins.[15]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Cottus". FishBase. 30 April 2017 version.
  2. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Cottidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  3. ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 467–495. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  4. ^ W. Leo Smith & Morgan S. Busby (2014). "Phylogeny and taxonomy of sculpins, sandfishes, and snailfishes (Perciformes: Cottoidei) with comments on the phylogenetic significance of their early-life-history specializations". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 79: 332–352. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.028. PMID 25014569.
  5. ^ Kinziger, A. P.; R. M. Wood; and D. A. Neely (2005). "Molecular systematics of the genus Cottus (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae)". Copeia. 2005 (2): 303–311. doi:10.1643/CI-03-290R1. S2CID 86171840.
  6. ^ a b c Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Cottus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  7. ^ Valentina Sideleva; Vytautas Kesminas; and Zakhar Zhidkov (2022). "A new species of the genus Cottus (Scorpaeniformes, Cottidae) from the Baltic Sea Basin and its phylogenetic placement". European Journal of Taxonomy (834): 38–57. doi:10.5852/ejt.2022.834.1897. S2CID 251476198.
  8. ^ Sideleva, V.G.; Naseka, A.M. & Zhidkov, Z.V. (2015). "A new species of Cottus from the Onega River drainage, White Sea basin (Actinopterygii: Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae)". Zootaxa. 3949 (3): 419–430. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3949.3.7. PMID 25947816.
  9. ^ Sideleva, V.G.; Prirodina, V.P.; Reshetnikov, Y.S. & Zhidkov, Z.V. (2015). "Redescription of Cottus koshewnikowi (Cottidae) and its Morphological Variability in Tributaries of the Upper Volga". Journal of Ichthyology. 55 (1): 30–39. doi:10.1134/S0032945215010191. S2CID 255274919.
  10. ^ Moyle, P. B. and M. A. Campbell (2022). "Cryptic species of freshwater sculpin (Cottidae: Cottus) in California, USA". Zootaxa. 5154 (5): 501–527. doi:10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5154.5.1. PMID 36095605. S2CID 249807391.
  11. ^ Kinziger, A.P. & Wood, R.M. (2010). "Cottus immaculatus, a new species of sculpin (Cottidae) from the Ozark Highlands of Arkansas and Missouri, USA" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2340: 50–64. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2340.1.2. S2CID 85730000.
  12. ^ Adams, G.L.; Burr, B.M.; Day, J.L. & Starkey, D.E. (2013). "Cottus specus, a new troglomorphic species of sculpin (Cottidae) from southeastern Missouri". Zootaxa. 3609 (5): 484–494. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3609.5.4. PMID 24699612.
  13. ^ Sideleva, V.G. & Goto, A. (2012): A New Species of Sculpin Cottus kolymensis sp. nova (Scorpaeniformes, Cottidae) from Rivers of Kolyma. Journal of Ichthyology, 52 (5): 301-307.
  14. ^ Lemoine, M.; Young, M.K.; McKelvey, K.S.; et al. (2014). "Cottus schitsuumsh, a new species of sculpin (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae) in the Columbia River basin, Idaho-Montana, USA". Zootaxa. 3755 (3): 241–258. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3755.3.3. PMID 24869819.
  15. ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (22 October 2022). "Order Perciformes: Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Cottales: Family Cottidae (Sculpins)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
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