Cornelius H. Mack
Cornelius H. Mack | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | September 1, 1885 West Springfield, Massachusetts, US |
| Died | August 22, 1958 (aged 72) Largo, Florida, US |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance |  United States of America |
| Service |  United States Navy |
| Years of service | March 1914 - November 1945 |
| Rank |  Rear Admiral |
| Battles / wars | World War I World War II |
| Awards | Navy Cross Silver Star (3)Note 2 Purple Heart Croix de Guerre with Gold Star |
Cornelius H. Mack (September 1, 1885 – August 22, 1958) was a Rear Admiral in the United States Navy. He served as the Chief of the United States Navy Dental Corps for a brief time in 1922,[1] and was the first dental officer to be permanently promoted to Rear Admiral.[2]Note 1
Early life and education
[edit]Cornelius Henry Mack was born in West Springfield, Massachusetts on 1 September 1885. He graduated first from West Springfield High School,[3] and then from the Harvard University Dental School in 1906 with a Doctor of Dental Medicine.[4] He joined the recently formed United States Navy Dental Corps on 2 March 1914.[3]
Military career
[edit]| Assignment | Dates |
|---|---|
| Twelfth Naval District, San Francisco | September 1943 - November 1945 |
| Fifth Naval District, Norfolk | January 1943 - August 1943 |
| Naval Training Station, Naval Base, Norfolk | May 1937 - January 1943 |
| Mare Island Naval Shipyard | October 1933 - May 1937 |
| Naval Hospital New York | December 1929 - September 1933 |
| Marine Detachment, American Legation, Peiping, China | December 1928 - December 1929 |
| Naval Station Cavite, Philippines | |
| Boston Navy Yard | July 1924 - September 1927 |
| USS MacLeish (DD-220) | June 1924 - July 1924 |
| USS Pittsburgh | August 1922 - June 1924 |
| Chief, United States Navy Dental Corps[1] | February 1922 - August 1922 |
| Naval Dispensary, Washington DC | February 1922 - August 1922 |
| USS Panther | January 1922 - February 1922 |
| USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) | September 1919 - January 1922 |
| Sixth Regiment Marines | September 1917 - September 1919 |
| United States Naval Academy | March 1914 - September 1917 |
Cornelius Mack's first military assignment was as an assistant dental surgeon at the United States Naval Academy, where he served until he was reassigned to the 6th Marine Regiment out of Quantico. He was with this unit when it was deployed to France during World War I.
Combat service during World War I
[edit]While attached to the 6th Marines, Cornelius H. Mack saw combat several times on the western front, most notably during the Battle of Belleau Wood, and the Battle of Soissons. He is credited with continuing to care for and evacuate the wounded despite coming under attack multiple times, and with other displays of gallantry. For his actions in these battles, Cornelius H. Mack was awarded the Navy Cross, multiple Citation Stars, three of which were later upgraded to the Silver Star.Note 2 He was also awarded the Croix de Guerre with Gold Star[5]
"For extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty with the 6th Regiment, U. S. Marines. In the action at the Bois de Belleau, (France), on June 12, 1918, when his dressing station was subject to a heavy gas bombardment, he remained on duty and carried on the evacuation of the wounded, refusing to leave until all wounded and Hospital Corps men had been removed to a place of safety; as a result he was severely gassed. In the action at Vierzy (France), on July 19, 1918, he accompanied the advance and was exposed for fifteen hours to the fire of machine guns and artillery, performing his duties with marked coolness and precision.
— Navy Cross citation
Suffering from both acute gas inhalation and the 1918 influenza, Cornelius H. Mack was medically evacuated from the front lines on 20 July 1918.[6] He remained assigned to the 6th Marines until September the following year, when he was reassigned to the USS Pennsylvania (BB-38). From there, he was assigned to a variety of both sea and shore tours of duty, including overseas duty in the Philippines and China, and also served as a clinical professor of oral surgery at New York University.[3]
On 15 June 1932, he received an Honorary Doctor of Laws (LL.D) from the College of the Holy Cross.Note 3 In 1936, Cornelius H. Mack, along with many other officers including Alexander G. Lyle, filed suit in the United States Court of Claims over a pay dispute. Citing the 1935 W. W. Hargrave v. The United States decision, the Court awarded Mack $1370.05,[7] equivalent to $25,242 in 2019.
Cornelius H. Mack was transferred to the retired list on 1 September 1943, and promoted to Rear Admiral on that date. He continued to serve on active duty until November 1945 due to World War II.[3]
Cornelius H. Mack died on 22 August 1958 in Largo, Florida, and was interred in Arlington National Cemetery.[2]
Notes
[edit]^Note 1 : Alexander Gordon Lyle was the first dental officer to be promoted to Rear Admiral, but this advancement was temporary in nature. Compare the entries for Cornelius Henry Mack on page 674 to Alexander Gordon Lyle's entry on page 381 of the 1944 Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and Reserve Officers on Active Duty.[8]
^Note 2 : As the Silver Star medal was first introduced in 1932, none of the awards Cornelius H. Mack received in 1918 were Silver Stars. Rather, he was awarded several Citation Stars, some of which were later upgraded to the Silver Star. A History of Dentistry in the U.S. Army to World War II credits Cornelius H. Mack with 6 Army citation stars,[6] and The Medical Department of the United States Navy with the Army and Marine Corps in France in World War I includes the full text of 6 citations for the same.[5] However, Cornelius Mack's headstone is engraved "SS & 2 OLC" meaning, "Silver Star and 2 Oak Leaf Clusters" which indicates three awards. Additionally, Cornelius H. Mack's official Naval biography credits Mack with 3 Silver Stars, and the Victory Medal with 5 Citation Stars.[3] This indicates 8 total awards, with Mack either not electing or not being eligible to upgrade 5 of them. Note that the first two sources discussed in this section explicitly state that 6 awards were Army citation stars, which were eligible for upgrade.
^Note 3 : Cornelius H. Macks' official biography states that he was awarded this honorary Doctor of Laws in 1933,[3] however, the university's 1931–1932 catalog shows that he received the degree on the 15 June 1932 commencement,[9] as does the "News" section of the Journal of the American Dental Association's August 1932 issue.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ a b The Dental Corps of the United States Navy: A Chronology 1912-1962. US Navy. 1962. pp. 27–28. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
- ^ a b "Rear Adm C. H. Mack, DC, U.S.N., Ret". Military Medicine. 123 (4): 337. October 1958. doi:10.1093/milmed/123.4.337.
- ^ a b c d e f "Rear Admiral Cornelius H. Mack, Dental Corps, U.S. Navy, retired." (13 December 1954) [textual record]. Modern Biographies Collection. Washington Navy Yard, Washington, D.C.: Navy Department Library.
- ^ "Dental College Commencements". The Dental Cosmos. 48 (8). The S. S. White Dental Manufacturing Co. August 1906.
- ^ a b Strott, George G. (June 1947). The Medical Department of the United States Navy with the Army and Marine Corps in France in World War I. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, U.S. Navy Department. pp. 200–201.
- ^ a b Hyson, John; Whitehorne, Joseph; Greenwood, John (2008). A History of Dentistry in the U.S. Army to World War II (PDF). pp. 622–624. OCLC 276994195.
- ^ Cases Decided in the Court of Claims of the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1937.
- ^ Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and Reserve Officers on Active Duty. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1944.
- ^ "1931-1932 Catalog". Course Catalogs. College of the Holy Cross: 145–146. 1932.
- ^ "Dr. Mack Honored". Journal of the American Dental Association. 19 (8): 1486. August 1932. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1932.0303.
This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under public domain. Text taken from Rear Admiral Cornelius H. Mack, Dental Corps, U.S. Navy, retired, Navy Department Library.
- 1885 births
- 1958 deaths
- People from West Springfield, Massachusetts
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine alumni
- Military personnel from Massachusetts
- United States Navy personnel of World War I
- Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
- American recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
- Recipients of the Silver Star
- United States Navy rear admirals (upper half)
- 20th-century American naval officers
- Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
- 20th-century American dentists