Cormery Abbey
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 Remains of the abbey. From top to bottom: Saint-Symphorien chapel and Saint-Paul tower; cloister and chapter house; refectory and abbey house. | |
  Location within France | |
| Monastery information | |
|---|---|
| Order | Benedictine |
| Established | 791 |
| Disestablished | 1790 |
| Dedicated to | Saint Paul |
| Diocese | Tours |
| People | |
| Founder(s) | Ithier, abbot of Saint-Martin |
| Site | |
| Location | Cormery, France |
| Coordinates | 47°16′8.3994″N 0°50′12.8394″E / 47.268999833°N 0.836899833°E |
Cormery Abbey or the Abbey of Saint Paul, Cormery (French: Abbaye Saint-Paul de Cormery), is a former Benedictine abbey located on the territory of the commune of Cormery in the French department of Indre-et-Loire in the Centre-Val de Loire region.
History
[edit]Ithier, abbot of Saint Martin in Tours, founded a monastic cell here in 791, which was raised in the year 800 to the rank of abbey by Alcuin, and adopted the Rule of Saint Benedict. It was then attached to the Abbey of Saint Martin in Tours, and remained so until its dissolution during the Revolution. Despite the damage caused by the Vikings in the second half of the ninth century, which is difficult to quantify, the abbey developed rapidly, and around it the town of Cormery. In the middle of the Middle Ages, the abbey had many possessions in several French provinces and its boats could navigate freely on all the waterways of the kingdom; with fifty monks, it was one of the most powerful abbeys in Tours. During his tour of France in 1096, Pope Urban II confirmed the authority of the abbey of St Martin of Tours over the abbey of Cormery and that each newly elected abbot had to be invested with his pastoral staff at the tomb of St Martin.[1] On July 19, 1103, Guillermus Ludovicus, bishop of Salpi and former monk of the monastery, presented abbot Guy (abbot between 1070 and 1111) with several relics such as the heads of St James the Persian and St Adrian and hairs of St Paul that Guillermus had collected while serving as chaplain in Nicomedia in the Byzantine Empire.[2]
The abbey was able to recover from damages it incurred in the Hundred Years' War but it never fully recovered from destructions by the Protestants which it suffered in the Wars of Religion when many of its relics were desecrated and scattered.[3] In spite of the intervention of the Maurists from 1662 onwards, it did not regain its lustre: its numbers diminished inexorably and it was already weakened when it finally succumbed to the suppression of religious communities during the French Revolution, in 1790. The last monks were dispersed; the buildings were sold as national property and either destroyed or divided up and then redesigned.
In the 21st century, however, there are still significant remains of the abbey, although scattered in an urban landscape where their original unity is sometimes difficult to identify among more recent constructions. These remains include a few fragments of the former abbey church, among them Saint Paul's tower (the bell tower porch) and the Gothic Saint Symphorian's chapel (formerly north of the choir). The refectory has been largely preserved even though it has undergone a lot of remodelling, and a portion of the gallery of the cloister is still standing. On the periphery of the monastic enclosure, the dwellings of the abbot, the prior and the sacristan remain. In stages between 1908 and 1933, all of these remains, with the exception of the sacristan's dwelling, were classified or registered as historical monuments, while the capitals of the preserved parts are listed in the general inventory of cultural heritage.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Shephard, Jonathan (2005). Zwischen Polis, Provinz und Peripherie: Beiträge zur byzantinischen Geschichte und Kultur Volumen 7 de Mainzer Veröffentlichungen zur Byzantinistik. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 322–323. ISBN 9783447051705. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
- ^ Shephard, Jonathan (2005). Zwischen Polis, Provinz und Peripherie: Beiträge zur byzantinischen Geschichte und Kultur Volumen 7 de Mainzer Veröffentlichungen zur Byzantinistik. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 306–311. ISBN 9783447051705. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
- ^ Shephard, Jonathan (2005). Zwischen Polis, Provinz und Peripherie: Beiträge zur byzantinischen Geschichte und Kultur Volumen 7 de Mainzer Veröffentlichungen zur Byzantinistik. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 295. ISBN 9783447051705. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
- ^ Frédéric Lesueur, "Cormery", in Congrès archéologique de France, CVIe session tenue à Tours en 1948, Paris, Société française d'archéologie, 1949, 416 p., pp. 82–110.
Further reading
[edit]- Agence Bailly-Leblanc et Thalweg Paysage, « Commune de Cormery - élaboration d'une aire de mise en valeur de l'architecture et du patrimoine - diagnostic AVAP » [PDF], on the website of the State services in Indre-et-Loire.
- Octave Bobeau, « Les églises de Cormery (Indre-et-Loire) », Bulletin archéologique du Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques, 1908, p. 344-370.
- Jean-Jacques Bourassé, « Cartulaire de Cormery, précédé de l'histoire de l'abbaye et de la ville de Cormery, d'après les chartes », Mémoire de la Société archéologique de Touraine, Tours, t. XII, 1861, p. 1-325
- Philippe Chapu, « L'abbaye de Cormery, visite guidée », Bulletin de la société des amis du pays lochois, December 1991, p. 119-138 (ISSN 1244-3816, OCLC 473577837).
- Annick Chupin, « Cormery 1791-1820. Le dépeçage d'une abbaye millénaire », Bulletin de la Société archéologique de Touraine, t. XLIV, 1995, p. 537-550 (ISSN 1153-2521).
- Annick Chupin, « Historiens de l'abbaye de Cormery au xviie siècle : Dom Yves Gaigneron et Dom Gilbert Gérard », Bulletin de la Société archéologique de Touraine, t. XLVI, 2000, p. 253-268 (ISSN 1153-2521).
- Annick Chupin, « Alcuin et Cormery », Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest, Presses universitaires de Rennes, t. CXII, no 3, 2004, p. 103-112 (doi:10.4000/abpo.1225).
- Charles Lelong, « Vestiges romans de l'abbatiale de Cormery », Bulletin Monumental, t. CXXIV, no 4, 1966, p. 381-387 (doi:10.3406/bulmo.1966.4658).
- Charles Lelong, « Encore Cormery… », Bulletin de la Société archéologique de Touraine, t. XLIV, 1996, p. 785-791 (ISSN 1153-2521).
- Valérie Mauret-Cribellier, « L'abbaye bénédictine Saint-Paul de Cormery (Indre-et-Loire) », Bulletin de la Société archéologique de Touraine, t. XLIV, 1994, p. 119-144 (ISSN 1153-2521).
- Michel-J. Peutin, Cormery : mille ans d'histoire d'une abbaye, Truyes, Cadic, 1986, 18 p.
- Thomas Pouyet, Cormery et son territoire : origines et transformations d’un établissement monastique dans la longue durée (8e-18e siècles) : Archéologie et Préhistoire, vol. I : Texte, Tours, Université de Tours / Région Centre-Val de Loire, 2019, 399 p.
- Thomas Pouyet, Cormery et son territoire : origines et transformations d’un établissement monastique dans la longue durée (8e-18e siècles) : Archéologie et Préhistoire, vol. II : Corpus de preuves, Tours, Université de Tours / Région Centre-Val de Loire, 2019, 309 p.
- Thomas Pouyet, « Cormery et son territoire : origines et transformations d’un établissement monastique dans la longue durée (viiie – xviiie siècle) », Bulletin du centre d’études médiévales d’Auxerre, no 24.2, 2020 (doi:10.4000/cem.17943).