Coprosma propinqua

Coprosma propinqua
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Gentianales
Family:	Rubiaceae
Genus:	Coprosma
Species:	C. propinqua
Binomial name
	Coprosma propinqua; A.Cunn.

Coprosma propinqua is a New Zealand plant of the genus Coprosma in the family Rubiaceae. It is a widely-distributed small leaved divaricating shrub found throughout New Zealand.

Taxonomy and nomenclature

Its Māori name is mingimingi (mikimiki in the South Island), a name which is also applied to closely related species such as C. dumosa, C. rhamnoides, C. virescens and C. crassifolia, as well as unrelated plants like Acrothamnus colensoi.^[1] A common English name is black scrub.

Its specific epithet propinqua means "related to another species", supposedly to C. parviflora.^[2]

Description

C. propinqua is a small-leaved shrub or tree which grows 3 to 6 metres high, sometimes reaching 7 m. It has divaricating branches with grey bark, and the plant can appear almost black from a distance. The leaves are dark green, thick, and linear-oblong to linear-ovate; they often have two small pits (domatia) visible on the pale underside. Juvenile leaves are more variable and thinner.^[2]^[3]

The male flowers occur in axillary clusters of one to four on very short branches. Female flowers are found on their own at the ends of short branchlets. Flowering is from August to September, fruiting March to April.^[4] The fruit is a drupe up to 8 mm long, pale when immature, turning translucent dark blue or blue-flecked to indigo when mature.^[2] Sometimes the fruit is yellow or white.^[4]

Coprosma propinqua freely hybridizes with C. robusta (karamu) and can form extensive hybrid swarms.^[2] The hybrids has 3–5 cm long glossy trowel-shaped leaves, and can backcross with either parent to have intermediate leaves, some as small as 2 cm.^[4]

Blue-flecked fruit
Pale fruit
Leaves
Leaves
Divaricating form

Distribution

This species is common in forest, swamp, montane scrubland, along stream banks, and in stony places and cliffs. It is one of the most widely-distributed Coprosma species in New Zealand, ranging from Mangonui in the North Island to as far south as Stewart Island, (var. propinqua) and in the Chatham Islands (var. martinii).^[4]^[2]

References

^ Wilson, Hugh D. (2013). Plant Life on Banks Peninsula. Cromwell: Manuka Press. pp. 77–81. ISBN 978-0-9583299-6-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Poole, Lindsay; Adams, Nancy (1990). Trees and Shrubs of New Zealand. Wellington: DSIR Publishing. p. 154. ISBN 0-477-02603-6.
^ Wilson, Hugh D. (1978). Wild Plants of Mount Cook National Park. Christchurch: Field Guide Publication. p. 57.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Wilson, Hugh D.; Galloway, Tim (1993). Small-leaved Shrubs of New Zealand. Christchurch: Manuka Press. p. 105.

[1] Wilson, Hugh D. (2013). Plant Life on Banks Peninsula. Cromwell: Manuka Press. pp. 77–81. ISBN 978-0-9583299-6-5.

[:2-2] Poole, Lindsay; Adams, Nancy (1990). Trees and Shrubs of New Zealand. Wellington: DSIR Publishing. p. 154. ISBN 0-477-02603-6.

[3] Wilson, Hugh D. (1978). Wild Plants of Mount Cook National Park. Christchurch: Field Guide Publication. p. 57.

[:0-4] Wilson, Hugh D.; Galloway, Tim (1993). Small-leaved Shrubs of New Zealand. Christchurch: Manuka Press. p. 105.

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