Conus quercinus

Conus quercinus
	Shell of Conus quercinus Lightfoot, 1786, measuring 47.9 mm in height, trawled at 40 m off Maputa, in Africa
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Neogastropoda
Superfamily:	Conoidea
Family:	Conidae
Genus:	Conus
Species:	C. quercinus
Binomial name
	Conus quercinus; [Lightfoot], 1786 Conus quercinus [Lightfoot, 1786]. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 5 July 2011.
Synonyms
	Conus (Lividoconus) quercinus [Lightfoot], 1786 · accepted, alternate representation; Calamiconus jeffreyi Petuch & Sargent, 2011; Calamiconus quercinus Lightfoot, 1786; Cleobula albonerosa Garrard, 1966 (a synonym (form) of Conus quercinus Lightfoot, 1786); Conus akabensis G. B. Sowerby III, 1887 (synonym (colour form) of Conus quercinus); Conus cingulum Gmelin, 1791 (synonym of Conus quercinus); Conus egregius G. B. Sowerby III, 1914 (synonym of Conus quercinus); Conus fulvostriatus Fenaux, 1942 (synonym of Conus quercinus); Conus hepaticus Kiener, 1845 (synonym of Conus quercinus); Conus jeffreyi (Petuch & Sargent, 2011); Conus quercinus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 (synonym of Conus quercinus); Conus quercinus var. albus Shaw, 1915 (synonym of Conus quercinus); Conus quercinus var. ponderosus G. B. Sowerby II, 1858 (synonym of Conus quercinus); Conus seurati Fenaux, 1942 (synonym of Conus quercinus) (nomen dubium);

Conus quercinus, common names the oak cone or the yellow cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.^[1]

Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all.

Description

The size of the shell varies between 35 mm and 140 mm. The shell has a lemon-yellow color, with numerous fine, rather close, chestnut revolving lines. In old specimens the revolving lines become obsolete. The spire is rather elevated, with a concave outline. The shoulder of the body whorl is obtusely angulated.^[2]

Distribution

This species occurs throughout the Indo-Pacific including Hawaii, Republic of the Marshall Islands, French Polynesia, Fiji, New Caledonia, in the Red Sea, in the Indian Ocean off Aldabra, Chagos, the Mascarene Basin, Madagascar and Mauritius; off Eastern India, the tropical Indo-West Pacific and off Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia).

References

^ ^a ^b Bouchet, P. (2015). Conus quercinus [Lightfoot], 1786. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G.; Bank, R.A.; Bieler, R. (2015) MolluscaBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215439 on 2015-05-19
^ G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol. VI; Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences

Lightfoot, J. 1786. A catalogue of the Portland Museum, lately the property of the Duchess Dowager of Portland: deceased which will be sold by auction, by Mr. Skinner and Co., etc. London viii, 194 pp. + 44 pp.
Gmelin J.F. 1791. Caroli a Linné. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Lipsiae : Georg. Emanuel. Beer Vermes. Vol. 1(Part 6) pp. 3021–3910
Bruguière, M. 1792. Encyclopédie Méthodique ou par ordre de matières. Histoire naturelle des vers. Paris : Panckoucke Vol. 1 i-xviii, 757 pp.
Link, H.F. 1817. Beschreibung der Naturalien Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock. Rostock : Alders Erben Vol. 2 99 pp.
Sowerby, G.B. (2nd) 1858. Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Vol. 54 pl. 11, figs. 239–240.
Sowerby, G.B. (3rd) 1887. Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Supplements to the Monograph of Conus and Voluta. Vol. 5 249–279, pls 29–36.
Sowerby, G.B. (3rd) 1914. Descriptions of new mollusca from New Caledonia, Japan, Philippines, China and West Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 8 14: 475-480
Shaw, H.O.N. 1915. Descriptions of colour varieties of Conus quercinus Hwass, and Cypraea lamarkii Gray. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 11(4): 210
Fenaux 1942. Nouvelles espèces du genre Conus. Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 814: 1-4
Demond, J. 1957. Micronesian reef associated gastropods. Pacific Science 11(3): 275–341, fig. 2, pl. 1.
Garrard, T.A. 1966. New species of Mollusca from Eastern Australia (Part 2) with notes on some known species. Journal of Malacological Society of Australia 10: 3-12
Wilson, B.R. & Gillett, K. 1971. Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters. Sydney : Reed Books 168 pp.
Salvat, B. & Rives, C. 1975. Coquillages de Polynésie. Tahiti : Papeete les editions du pacifique, pp. 1–391.
Cernohorsky, W.O. 1978. Tropical Pacific marine shells. Sydney : Pacific Publications 352 pp., 68 pls.
Kay, E.A. 1979. Hawaiian Marine Shells. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 4 : Mollusca. Honolulu, Hawaii : Bishop Museum Press Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication Vol. 64(4) 653 pp.
Drivas, J. & M. Jay (1987). Coquillages de La Réunion et de l'île Maurice, Collection Les Beautés de la Nature. Delachaux et Niestlé: Neuchâtel. ISBN 2-603-00654-1. 159 pp.
Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.
Röckel, D., Korn, W. & Kohn, A.J. 1995. Manual of the Living Conidae. Volume 1: Indo-Pacific Region. Wiesbaden : Hemmen 517 pp.
Filmer R.M. (2001). A Catalogue of Nomenclature and Taxonomy in the Living Conidae 1758 - 1998. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 388pp.
Tucker J.K. (2009). Recent cone species database. 4 September 2009 Edition.
Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009) Systematic classification of Recent and fossil conoidean gastropods. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 296 pp.
Petit R.E. (2009) George Brettingham Sowerby, I, II & III: their conchological publications and molluscan taxa. Zootaxa 2189: 1–218.
Severns M. (2011) Shells of the Hawaiian Islands - The Sea Shells. Conchbooks, Hackenheim. 564 pp.
Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1-23