Conus arenatus

Conus arenatus
	Apertural and abapertural views of shell of Conus arenatus Hwass in Bruguière, J.G., 1792
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Neogastropoda
Superfamily:	Conoidea
Family:	Conidae
Genus:	Conus
Species:	C. arenatus
Binomial name
	Conus arenatus; Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
Synonyms
	Conus (Puncticulis) arenatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 accepted, alternate representation; Conus arenatus var. aequipunctata Dautzenberg, 1937; Conus arenatus var. granulosa Lamarck, 1822; Conus arenatus var. mesokatharos Tryon, 1884; Conus arenatus var. punctisminutissimis Lamarck, 1822; Conus arenatus var. undata Dautzenberg, 1937 (invalid: junior homonym of C. undatus Kiener, 1847); Conus armatus E. A. Smith, 1891 (presumably a lapsus for arenatus); Conus catus var. granulosa Dautzenberg, 1937; Cucullus arenosus Röding, 1798; Cucullus stercusmuscarum Röding, 1798; Puncticulis arenatus E. A. Smith, 1891; Puncticulis arenatus bizona Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils, 1981; Puncticulis arenatus var. punctisminutissus Lamarck, 1822; Puncticulis arenatus var. undata Dautzenberg, 1937; Puncticulis arenatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792;

Conus arenatus, common name the sand-dusted cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.^[2]

These snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all.

Description

The size of the shell varies between 25 mm and 90 mm. The shell is stoutly turbinated, coronated on the spire. The color of the shell is white, sprinkled in a waved longitudinal manner with very small, close brown dots, sometimes forming indistinct bands. The aperture has usually a light flesh-color.^[3]

Distribution

This marine species is occurs in the Red Sea and in the Indo-Pacific; and off Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia). The species now also occurs in the Mediterranean off Israel, having invaded as a Lessepsian migrant through the Suez Canal.^[4]

References

^ Kohn, A. (2013). "Conus arenatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T192870A2177248. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T192870A2177248.en. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
^ ^a ^b Conus arenatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 27 March 2010.
^ G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol. VI; Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences
^ Rodríguez, G.; Suárez, H. (2001). "Anthropogenic dispersal of decapod crustaceans in aquatic environments". Interciencia. 26 (7): 282–288. Archived from the original on 25 December 2012.

Bruguière, M. 1792. Encyclopédie Méthodique ou par ordre de matières. Histoire naturelle des vers. Paris : Panckoucke Vol. 1 i–xviii, 757 pp
Röding, P.F. 1798. Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Hamburg : Trappii 199 pp.
Tryon, G.W. 1883. Marginellidae, Olividae, Columbellidae. Manual of Conchology. Philadelphia : G.W. Tryon Vol. 5
Dautzenberg, P. 1937. Gastéropodes marins. 3-Famille Conidae'; Résultats Scientifiques du Voyage aux Indes Orientales Néerlandaises de LL. AA. RR. Le Prince et la Princesse Lé Belgique. Mémoires du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 2(18): 284 pp, 3 pls
Demond, J. 1957. Micronesian reef associated gastropods. Pacific Science 11(3): 275–341, fig. 2, pl. 1.
Gillett, K. & McNeill, F. 1959. The Great Barrier Reef and Adjacent Isles: a comprehensive survey for visitor, naturalist and photographer. Sydney : Coral Press 209 pp.
Wilson, B.R. & Gillett, K. 1971. Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters. Sydney : Reed Books 168 pp.
Barash, A. & Danin, Z. 1972. The Indo-Pacific species of Mollusca in the Mediterranean and notes on a collection from the Suez Canal. Israel Journal of Zoology 21: 301–374
Salvat, B. & Rives, C. 1975. Coquillages de Polynésie. Tahiti : Papeete les editions du pacifique, pp. 1–391.
Cernohorsky, W.O. 1978. Tropical Pacific marine shells. Sydney : Pacific Publications 352 pp., 68 pls.
Coomans, H.E., Moolenbeek, R.G. & Wils, E. 1981. Alphabetical revision of the (sub) species in recent Conidae 4. aphrodite to azona with the description of C. arenatus bizona, nov. subsp. Basteria 45(1–3): 3–55
Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.
Röckel, D., Korn, W. & Kohn, A.J. 1995. Manual of the Living Conidae. Volume 1: Indo-Pacific Region. Wiesbaden : Hemmen 517 pp.
Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2013) Illustrated catalog of the living cone shells. 517 pp. Wellington, Florida: MdM Publishing.
Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1–23

Conus arenatus Hwass in Bruguière, J.G., 1792
Conus arenatus Hwass in Bruguière, J.G., 1792
Conus arenatus Hwass in Bruguière, J.G., 1792

External links

The Conus Biodiversity website
Cone Shells – Knights of the Sea
"Puncticulis arenatus". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 15 January 2019.

[iucn_status_3_April_2024-1] Kohn, A. (2013). "Conus arenatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T192870A2177248. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T192870A2177248.en. Retrieved 3 April 2024.

[WoRMS-2] Conus arenatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 27 March 2010.

[3] G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol. VI; Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences

[4] Rodríguez, G.; Suárez, H. (2001). "Anthropogenic dispersal of decapod crustaceans in aquatic environments". Interciencia. 26 (7): 282–288. Archived from the original on 25 December 2012.

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