Conservative Party (United States)
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In the United States, the Conservative Party refers to a collection of state-level parties that operate independently and advocate for conservative principles. Currently, there is no national Conservative Party.[1] Historically, many of these parties emerged from divisions within the Democratic and Republican parties, supporting a variety of conservative ideologies, including fiscal conservatism, social conservatism, states' rights, nationalism, and segregation.
Although there has not been a national Conservative Party, the Republican Party currently follows the conservative ideology, with third parties Constitution Party and American Independent Party following the Paleoconservatism ideology. In the late 1960s, the American Independent Party was rebranded as the American Conservative Party in some states. A separate American Conservative Party was later established in 2008 but was decommissioned in 2016. Meanwhile, the Conservative Party USA was organized on January 6, 2009, as a 527 organization aimed at building and managing state party affiliates under the national Conservative Party USA banner.[citation needed]
State-level parties
[edit]Connecticut
[edit]In the 1838 and 1839 Connecticut gubernatorial elections, Elisha Phelps, a former Speaker of the Connecticut House of Representatives, ran as the Conservative Party candidate. He received 2.96% of the popular vote in 1838 and 2.09% in 1839. In the 1842, Luther Loomis ran as the Conservative Party candidate, garnering 1.20% of the popular vote.[citation needed]
Virginia
[edit]In 1965, a new Conservative Party of Virginia was formed in response to Mills Godwin's nomination as the Democratic candidate for governor, which the party opposed due to his outreach to African-American voters. Around 300 delegates gathered in Richmond, Virginia, to officially establish the party. They nominated William J. Story Jr., the assistant superintendent of schools from Chesapeake, for governor, Reid T. Putney, a forestry consultant from Goochland, for lieutenant governor, and John W. Carter for attorney general.[2][3] In 1969, the party nominated Beverly McDowell for governor, but he placed fourth in the election, receiving 1.16% of the popular vote.[4]
South Carolina
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In 1874, the Conservative Party of South Carolina was established by James Chesnut Jr. to mobilize white voters, as the South Carolina Democratic Party was inactive statewide. A convention of the State Tax Union was convened in Columbia on September 10 to prepare for the upcoming election and address President Ulysses S. Grant's comments on the Ku Klux Klan. Another convention on October 8 endorsed the Independent Republican ticket with a platform focused on honesty in government.[5]
Although the Independent Republican candidates were defeated in the general election, the Conservatives reduced Republican majorities in the legislature and saw some local success through collaboration with Independent Republicans. This cooperation enabled the election of Edmund W. M. Mackey to Congress from for the 2nd district.[6] Despite these limited gains, the failure of the Conservative Party in 1874 pushed the Democrats to reorganize, leading to their resurgence in the 1876 elections, which ultimately marked the end of the Conservative Party in South Carolina.
New York
[edit]
In 1962, the Conservative Party of New York State was established in response to dissatisfaction with the perceived liberalism of New York's Republican Party. Using New York's fusion voting system, which allows candidates to appear on multiple party lines in the same election, the party sought to counterbalance the influence of the Liberal Party of New York.[7] While it often endorses Republican candidates, the party has withheld support from Republicans it considers too liberal.
In 1965, conservative author and commentator William F. Buckley Jr. ran for Mayor of New York City, securing 13.4% of the vote.[8] The following year, academic Paul L. Adams ran for Governor of New York, earning 8.5% of the vote.[9] In 1968, William F. Buckley Jr.'s brother, James L. Buckley, ran for U.S. Senate, garnering 17.31% of the vote.[10] James would later win a seat in the U.S. Senate in 1970, gaining a 38.75% plurality as the Conservative Party candidate.[11] In 1978, William Carney was elected as a Conservative to the U.S. House of Representatives.[12]
The party been described by The New York Times as having "a successful electoral record in a decidedly blue state in which the Conservatives have elbowed the Republican Party to the right."[13] As of 2018, the party holds Row C on New York ballots due to receiving the third-highest number of votes among political parties in multiple gubernatorial elections.
Washington
[edit]In 1966, Floyd Paxton and other ultra-conservatives founded the Conservative Party of Washington, nominating two candidates for the U.S. House of Representatives and seven for the Washington State Legislature.[14][15] The party attracted disaffected Republicans critical of Governor Daniel J. Evans and his allies.[16] Though some party leaders supported George Wallace’s 1968 presidential bid, they ultimately ran under the American Independent Party instead of the Conservative Party.[17][18] In 1968, the party fielded candidates for state offices and Congress under the Constitution Party label, but neither label appeared in the 1970 election.[citation needed]
New Jersey
[edit]In 1963, several candidates ran as Conservatives for the New Jersey Assembly in Essex and Bergen counties, reflecting a nationwide split within the Republican Party. This divide saw northeastern states, including New Jersey, dominated by the party's liberal faction. These Conservative candidates opposed the social liberal policies of the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration, advocating instead for the emerging socially conservative views championed by U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater. The split subsided after Goldwater secured the Republican nomination during the 1964 National Convention.
In 1992, a separate New Jersey Conservative Party was founded by Tom Blomquist, who had previously run in the 1989 gubernatorial election. Blomquist ran as a Conservative in the 1993 gubernatorial race, earning 0.21% of the vote.[19][20] The party gained the endorsement of United We Stand America in 1995 and fielded approximately 60 candidates for the New Jersey General Assembly, as well as candidates in all districts for the 1998 U.S. House of Representatives elections.[21][22] In 2001, it was involved in a lawsuit advocating for New Jersey voters to have the right to join third parties. Following the election of Donald Trump in 2016, third-party registrations surged across New Jersey, with the Conservative Party becoming the state's fourth-largest political party by 2018.[23]
Delaware
[edit]In 2009, a Conservative Party of Delaware had a website with a mailing address in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. It was affiliated with the Conservative Party USA and had no formal leadership. In 2024, the party achieved official recognition after Delaware residents registered as Conservative and met the state’s qualification threshold. Libertarian activist Will McVay, formerly of the Libertarian Party of Delaware, took the opportunity to reorganize the party. In the same year, the party nominated perennial candidate Vermin Supreme and comedian Jonathan Realz for President and Vice President of the United States, while endorsing Jon Roe for the 2024 Delaware Senate election.[24][25]
Illinois
[edit]In 2018, Illinois State Senator Sam McCann left the Republican Party to establish the Conservative Party of Illinois for his gubernatorial campaign.[26] Positioning himself as an "independent conservative," he explained that his candidacy aimed to prevent "two billionaires from Chicago" (Bruce Rauner and J. B. Pritzker) from dominating the general election.[27] McCann secured his spot on the ballot by gathering 65,000 signatures but ultimately finished third in the general election, receiving 4.23% of the popular vote.[28][29]
See also
[edit]- Conservative Party (disambiguation)
- Conservatism in the United States
- Republican Party
- National Conservative Political Action Committee
- American Conservative Union
References
[edit]- ^ Mark J. Rozell; Ted G. Jelen (2015). American Political Culture: An Encyclopedia vol 3. ABC-CLIO. pp. 207–9. ISBN 978-1-61069-378-3.
- ^ Kappatos, Nicole (January 26, 2016). "The 1965 Virginia Gubernatorial Election". Richmond Times-Dispatch.
- ^ Hunter 1972, pp. 22.
- ^ "Wallace Slates' Status Cloudy". Richmond Times-Dispatch. June 18, 1968. p. 13.
- ^ Reynolds 1969, pp. 281.
- ^ Reynolds 1969, pp. 283–285.
- ^ Perez-Pena, Richard (1999-12-13). "Despite Size, Conservative Party Is a Force to Reckon With". The New York Times. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
- ^ Chan, Sewell (February 28, 2008). "Remembering Buckley's 1965 Run for Mayor". The New York Times.
- ^ Sabel, Charles F. (November 8, 1966). "New York's Three-Way Race For Governor: Vote Hinges on Rockefeller's Unpopularity". The Harvard Crimson.
- ^ "James Buckley Nominated By Conservative Party as U.S. Senate Candidate". The Glens Falls Times. April 3, 1968. p. 15. Archived from the original on October 12, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Buckley's Machine Securing His Position". Star-Gazette. December 13, 1970. p. 29. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ McQuiston, John T. (November 9, 1978). "L.I. Conservative a First in House". The New York Times.
- ^ Roberts, Sam (28 June 2012). "New York Conservative Party Extends Influence at Polls and in Capital". The New York Times.
- ^ Associated Press. "State Politics: Threat to GOP Seen in Conservative Party" Spokane Daily Chronicle September 19, 1966; p. 7, col. 4 via Newspapers.com
- ^ Associated Press. "Conservative Party Files" The Spokesman-Review September 23, 1966; p. 8, col. 7
- ^ Associated Press. "Yakima Rebels' Action Pleases GOP Chairman" The Spokesman-Review October 29, 1966; p. 13, col. 6
- ^ Turner, Wallace. "Rightists Strong in Wallace Drive - Birchers and Others Play Key Role in the West" New York Times September 29, 1968; p. 75, col. 3
- ^ Cummings, Robert. "Backstage Olympia" The Bellingham Herald February 2, 1968; p. 12, col. 1 via Newspapers.com
- ^ McLarin, Kimberly J. (2 November 1993). "The 1993 CAMPAIGN: The Long Shots; Candidates Who March To Different Drummers". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
- ^ Peterson, Iver (8 October 1992). "Big 'C' Conservative Makes Big Plans for New Jersey". The New York Times.
- ^ Peterson, Iver (29 October 1995). "Perot Commands Enthusiasm For New Jersey Conservatives". The New York Times.
- ^ "Political Diversity: Third party in N.J. would enlarge the ring". Asbury Park Press. 27 April 1995. p. 17. Retrieved 16 April 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Wildstein, David (9 July 2018). "Independent parties double registration since Trump election". New Jersey Globe. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ Winger, Richard (2024-09-17). "Former Delaware Libertarian Activist Activates Delaware Conservative Party". Ballot Access News. Retrieved 2024-09-22.
- ^ Evans, Jordan Willow (2024-08-14). "Vermin Supreme Qualifies for Delaware State Ballot via Conservative Party Nomination". Independent Political Report.
- ^ Schutz, Paris (April 19, 2018). "Third Candidate Enters Race for Illinois Governor". WTTW.
- ^ Otwell, Rachel (October 4, 2018). "A Conversation With Sam McCann - Conservative Party Nominee For Illinois Gov". NPR.
- ^ Garcia, Monique (May 15, 2019). "Third-party governor candidate McCann will get to stay on November ballot". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ Bremer, Shelby (October 30, 2018). "Pritzker Wins Race for Illinois Governor, Ousting Rauner: NBC News". NBC 5 Chicago.
- Works cited
- Reynolds, John S. (1969). Reconstruction in South Carolina. Negro University Press. ISBN 0-8371-1638-4.
- Hunter, Jack R. (1972). Linwood Holton's long quest for the governorship of Virginia and its impact on the growth of the Republican Party. University of Richmond.
