Commonwealth Oil Refining Company

Commonwealth Oil Refining Company, Inc. (CORCO) was an oil refinery established in the towns of Peñuelas and Guayanilla in Puerto Rico in the second half of the 20th century. At one point, the company was ranked among the 500 largest in the United States by Fortune Magazine.^[1] In 1978, it supplied 80% of all petroleum products consumed in Puerto Rico and, at 2700 employees, it was Puerto Rico's largest employer. In addition, it was considered "among the largest independent petroleum refiners and petrochemical producers in the world."^[2]

History

The project started as part of Operation Bootstrap with the first unit being constructed in 1954. The company started operations in 1956.^[3] Hugo David Storer Tavarez was one of the men in charge of seeing that CORCO became a reality. The financing for CORCO was provided by First Boston Corporation.^[4]

Location and business

The refinery is located in an 800-acre (3.2 km²)^{[citation needed]} site. Its proximity to the Guayanilla bay made it ideal for the bulk import/export of chemicals it produced. By 1965 the company was a major producer of toluene, benzene, and xylene.^[3]

Regional impact

CORCO represented an investment of $25 million and had the capacity to refine 23,500 barrels (3,740 m³) of oil daily.^[5] The economic impact in the region was felt immediately, with lower unemployment rate being registered and higher standard of living. The refinery propelled related chemical industries to build in adjacent lands, and Phillips Puerto Rico, Peerless Petrochemicals, Caribbean Gulf Refining Co., and PPG Industries added large facilities next to CORCO, providing further employment in the region.^[6] Caribe Nitrogen, Union Carbide were also located there.^[7] The company created 8,000 direct jobs.^[8]

Demise

The refinery bought most of its oil from Venezuela,^[9] and the 1973 oil embargo caused a rapid increase in the price of crude oil imports to the United States, and thus Puerto Rico. That made it difficult for the company to compete profitably against oil refineries in the US, because the American refineries were able to soften the blow of higher crude prices by purchasing domestic (American) crude.^[9] That led to a gradual closure of operations, starting in 1974. After operating under bankruptcy laws for several years, the ailing company finally shut down in March 1982, with "devastating" economic results for the region.^[3]

Recent developments

Today it functions as a terminal for the marine transportation and land-based storage of crude oil and petroleum products.^{[citation needed]} After the refinery ceased operations, an entity called Desarrollo Integral del Sur (South Integral Development) began developing a long-term plan for the reuse of the lands and properties in the area.^[10]

References

^ "Antigua CORCO". www.atlasobscura.com. Atlas Obscura.
^ Narrating Memory: Discourses of Development and the Environment in a Puerto Rican Coastal Region. Ricardo Pérez, Eastern Connecticut State University, Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work. Willimantic, Connecticut. USA. (Prepared for delivery at the 2001 meeting of the Latin American Studies Association, Washington, DC, 6-8 September 2001.) Page 7. Accessed 28 May 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c Carmelo Rosario Natal. Ponce En Su Historia Moderna: 1945-2002. Published by Secretaría de Cultura y Turismo of the Government of the Autonomous Municipality of Ponce. Ponce, Puerto Rico. 2003. p. 120.
^ "foto el mundo". bibliotecadigital.uprrp. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
^ Narrating Memory: Discourses of Development and the Environment in a Puerto Rican Coastal Region. Ricardo Pérez, Eastern Connecticut State University, Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work. Willimantic, Connecticut. USA. (Prepared for delivery at the 2001 meeting of the Latin American Studies Association, Washington, DC, 6-8 September 2001.) Page 1. Accessed 28 May 2018.
^ Puerto Rico Grieves Over The Loss Of Its Premier Statesman Four Months Short Of His 100th Birthday: Luis A. Ferre Aguayo (1904-2003). Archived 13 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine Marialba Martinez. Caribbean Business. 30 October 2003. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
^ Carmelo Rosario Natal. Ponce En Su Historia Moderna: 1945-2002. Published by Secretaría de Cultura y Turismo of the Government of the Autonomous Municipality of Ponce. Ponce, Puerto Rico. 2003. p. 58.
^ Reinaldo E. Gonzalez Blanco. "El turismo Cultural en Ponce durante el Plan Ponce en Marcha, 1990-2000). p. 24. Ed. Neysa Rodrigues Deynes. 2018. Ponce, PR: Professional Editions.
^ ^a ^b Martinez, Marialba (30 October 2003). "Puerto Rico Grieves Over The Loss Of Its Premier Statesman Four Months Short Of His 100th Birthday: Luis A. Ferre Aguayo (1904-2003)". Puerto Rico Herald. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013.
^ Velázquez, Brunymarie (28 April 2013). "Rehabilitarán los terrenos de la antigua Corco". El Nuevo Día. Archived from the original on 30 April 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2013.

External links

Antique stock and bond certificate Archived 13 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine
EPA report on CORCO^{[permanent dead link]}
Union Carbide

[AtlasObscura-1] "Antigua CORCO". www.atlasobscura.com. Atlas Obscura.

[2] Narrating Memory: Discourses of Development and the Environment in a Puerto Rican Coastal Region. Ricardo Pérez, Eastern Connecticut State University, Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work. Willimantic, Connecticut. USA. (Prepared for delivery at the 2001 meeting of the Latin American Studies Association, Washington, DC, 6-8 September 2001.) Page 7. Accessed 28 May 2018.

[Natal120-3] Carmelo Rosario Natal. Ponce En Su Historia Moderna: 1945-2002. Published by Secretaría de Cultura y Turismo of the Government of the Autonomous Municipality of Ponce. Ponce, Puerto Rico. 2003. p. 120.

[4] "foto el mundo". bibliotecadigital.uprrp. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 4 October 2009.

[5] Narrating Memory: Discourses of Development and the Environment in a Puerto Rican Coastal Region. Ricardo Pérez, Eastern Connecticut State University, Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work. Willimantic, Connecticut. USA. (Prepared for delivery at the 2001 meeting of the Latin American Studies Association, Washington, DC, 6-8 September 2001.) Page 1. Accessed 28 May 2018.

[6] Puerto Rico Grieves Over The Loss Of Its Premier Statesman Four Months Short Of His 100th Birthday: Luis A. Ferre Aguayo (1904-2003). Archived 13 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine Marialba Martinez. Caribbean Business. 30 October 2003. Retrieved 13 November 2013.

[7] Carmelo Rosario Natal. Ponce En Su Historia Moderna: 1945-2002. Published by Secretaría de Cultura y Turismo of the Government of the Autonomous Municipality of Ponce. Ponce, Puerto Rico. 2003. p. 58.

[8] Reinaldo E. Gonzalez Blanco. "El turismo Cultural en Ponce durante el Plan Ponce en Marcha, 1990-2000). p. 24. Ed. Neysa Rodrigues Deynes. 2018. Ponce, PR: Professional Editions.

[herald-9] Martinez, Marialba (30 October 2003). "Puerto Rico Grieves Over The Loss Of Its Premier Statesman Four Months Short Of His 100th Birthday: Luis A. Ferre Aguayo (1904-2003)". Puerto Rico Herald. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013.

[10] Velázquez, Brunymarie (28 April 2013). "Rehabilitarán los terrenos de la antigua Corco". El Nuevo Día. Archived from the original on 30 April 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2013.

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