Commelina fluviatilis

Commelina fluviatilis
	Commelina fluviatilis from Chaya Lake in Tanzania showing spathe and inflorescence
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Commelinales
Family:	Commelinaceae
Genus:	Commelina
Species:	C. fluviatilis
Binomial name
	Commelina fluviatilis; Brenan

Commelina fluviatilis is an herbaceous plant in the dayflower family found primarily in Central Africa. It is known from Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, and the Caprivi Strip region of Namibia.

It is one of the most distinctive members of its genus because of its semi-aquatic habitat preference, its floating stems, its long and narrow leaves that are folded in on themselves, and its many-flowered lower cincinnus, just to name a few characters. The species has tuberous roots set in the soil which allow it to withstand periods of severe drought despite its preference for water. It can grow in over a half meter of water, typically in marshes, swamps, rivers, or lake shores. Like many members of the genus, it cannot self-pollinate, and furthermore has a tendency for its ovules to abort, leading to fruits with few seeds.^[2]

A phylogenetic study based on the nuclear ribosomal DNA region 5S NTS and the chloroplast region trnL-trnF, two commonly used gene regions for determining relationships, revealed that Commelina fluviatilis forms a clade with Commelina purpurea and Commelina welwitschii. Both of these relatives are African, share an unusual leaf anatomy, and have linear leaves that are often folded.^[3]

References

^ Brenan, J.P.M. (1967). "Notes on African Commelinaceae. VI. A New Species of Commelina from South Tropical Africa". Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München. 6 (2): 253–255.
^ Faden, Robert B. (2012), "Commelinaceae", in Beentje, Henk (ed.), Flora of Tropical East Africa, Richmond, Surrey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. 161–162, ISBN 978-1-84246-436-6
^ Burns, Jean H.; Faden, Robert B.; Steppan, Scott J. (2011), "Phylogenetic Studies in the Commelinaceae Subfamily Commelinoideae Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal and Chloroplast DNA Sequences", Systematic Botany, 36 (2): 274, doi:10.1600/036364411X569471, S2CID 10759303

[Brenan1967-1] Brenan, J.P.M. (1967). "Notes on African Commelinaceae. VI. A New Species of Commelina from South Tropical Africa". Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München. 6 (2): 253–255.

[FTEA-2] Faden, Robert B. (2012), "Commelinaceae", in Beentje, Henk (ed.), Flora of Tropical East Africa, Richmond, Surrey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. 161–162, ISBN 978-1-84246-436-6

[3] Burns, Jean H.; Faden, Robert B.; Steppan, Scott J. (2011), "Phylogenetic Studies in the Commelinaceae Subfamily Commelinoideae Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal and Chloroplast DNA Sequences", Systematic Botany, 36 (2): 274, doi:10.1600/036364411X569471, S2CID 10759303

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