Climate of New England
The climate of New England varies greatly across its 500-mile (800 km) span from northern Maine to southern Connecticut.
Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, and most of interior western Massachusetts have a humid continental climate (Dfb under the Köppen climate classification). In this region, the winters are long, cold, and heavy snow is common, courtesy of both coastal and continental low pressure systems. Most locations in this region receive between 60 and 120 inches or 1.52 and 3.05 metres of snow annually. The summer months are pleasantly warm in this region, but summer is rather short. Annual rainfall is typically spread evenly throughout the year, although droughts have historically been most common during the summer months. [1] Cities like Bangor, Maine; Portland, Maine; Manchester, New Hampshire; Burlington, Vermont; and Pittsfield, Massachusetts average around 45 inches (1,100 mm) of rainfall and 60 to 90 inches (1.52 to 2.29 m) of snow annually. The frost-free growing season ranges from just 90 days in far northern Maine and in the valleys of the White and Green Mountains, to as much as 140 days along the Southern Maine coast and in most of western Massachusetts.
In eastern Massachusetts, northern Rhode Island, and northern Connecticut, a hot-summer version of the humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa) prevails. Here summers are hotter and winters shorter with less snowfall. Cities like Boston, Hartford, and Providence generally receive 35 to 50 inches or 0.89 to 1.27 metres of snow annually. Summers are often hot and humid, with high temperatures in the lower Connecticut River valley of southern Massachusetts and Connecticut between 85 and 90 °F (29 and 32 °C) regularly during June, July, and August. Convective thunderstorms are common in these months as well, some of which can become severe. The frost-free growing season ranges from 140 days in parts of central Massachusetts to near 160 days across interior Connecticut and inland Rhode Island.[2]
Southern Rhode Island and southern Connecticut are the transition zone from continental climates to the north, to temperate climates (called subtropical in some climate classifications) to the south. In this region, summers can be quite long and hot, with humid, tropical air masses common between May and September. Convective thundershowers are common in summer. The coast of Connecticut from Stamford, through the New Haven area to the Newport, Rhode Island area is usually the mildest area of New England in winter. Winter precipitation in this area frequently falls in the form of rain or a wintry mix of sleet, rain, and wet snow. Seasonal snowfall is far less in this region than points inland, normally only 24 to 30 inches or 0.61 to 0.76 metres of snow annually), and in some years little snow falls. Cold snaps are normally brief in these southern and coastal areas. Winters also tend to be much sunnier in southern Connecticut and southern Rhode Island compared to northern and central New England. The frost-free growing season approaches 210 days along the Connecticut coast.[3]
Tropical cyclones sometimes directly impact New England. The 1938 New England hurricane and Hurricane Carol in 1954 were especially devastating storms which made landfall in Southern New England. Other tropical systems that have directly impacted the region include Hurricane Donna, Hurricane Gloria, Hurricane Bob, Hurricane Irene, Hurricane Sandy, and Tropical Storm Isaias. While infrequent, tornadoes occasionally occur in the region, with notable events including the 1953 Worcester tornado, the Windsor Locks, Connecticut, tornado in 1979, and the 2011 New England tornado outbreak, which produced several destructive twisters throughout much of the region.
Statistics for major cities and states
[edit]Northern
[edit]| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Record high °F (°C) | 66 (19) |
72 (22) |
84 (29) |
91 (33) |
95 (35) |
100 (38) |
100 (38) |
101 (38) |
98 (37) |
86 (30) |
76 (24) |
68 (20) |
101 (38) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 51.7 (10.9) |
50.6 (10.3) |
62.0 (16.7) |
78.0 (25.6) |
86.5 (30.3) |
91.4 (33.0) |
92.2 (33.4) |
90.9 (32.7) |
87.0 (30.6) |
76.0 (24.4) |
66.2 (19.0) |
54.2 (12.3) |
94.4 (34.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 28.9 (−1.7) |
31.5 (−0.3) |
40.9 (4.9) |
55.3 (12.9) |
69.0 (20.6) |
77.6 (25.3) |
82.4 (28.0) |
80.7 (27.1) |
72.6 (22.6) |
58.9 (14.9) |
46.4 (8.0) |
35.0 (1.7) |
56.6 (13.7) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 20.9 (−6.2) |
22.9 (−5.1) |
32.3 (0.2) |
45.6 (7.6) |
58.4 (14.7) |
67.5 (19.7) |
72.4 (22.4) |
70.7 (21.5) |
62.7 (17.1) |
50.3 (10.2) |
39.3 (4.1) |
28.2 (−2.1) |
47.6 (8.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 12.9 (−10.6) |
14.3 (−9.8) |
23.6 (−4.7) |
35.9 (2.2) |
47.8 (8.8) |
57.3 (14.1) |
62.4 (16.9) |
60.7 (15.9) |
52.9 (11.6) |
41.8 (5.4) |
32.1 (0.1) |
21.3 (−5.9) |
38.6 (3.7) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −12.7 (−24.8) |
−7.8 (−22.1) |
0.0 (−17.8) |
21.2 (−6.0) |
32.2 (0.1) |
42.3 (5.7) |
50.4 (10.2) |
47.4 (8.6) |
36.2 (2.3) |
26.3 (−3.2) |
13.7 (−10.2) |
−1.6 (−18.7) |
−15.3 (−26.3) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −30 (−34) |
−30 (−34) |
−24 (−31) |
2 (−17) |
24 (−4) |
33 (1) |
39 (4) |
35 (2) |
25 (−4) |
15 (−9) |
−3 (−19) |
−29 (−34) |
−30 (−34) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.13 (54) |
1.77 (45) |
2.24 (57) |
3.07 (78) |
3.76 (96) |
4.26 (108) |
4.06 (103) |
3.54 (90) |
3.67 (93) |
3.83 (97) |
2.70 (69) |
2.50 (64) |
37.53 (953) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 21.1 (54) |
19.3 (49) |
17.5 (44) |
4.1 (10) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.3 (0.76) |
5.7 (14) |
19.5 (50) |
87.5 (222) |
| Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) | 11.1 (28) |
12.0 (30) |
11.4 (29) |
2.6 (6.6) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.51) |
2.7 (6.9) |
7.7 (20) |
17.2 (44) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 14.7 | 12.1 | 12.7 | 13.2 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 12.8 | 11.7 | 11.0 | 12.9 | 13.7 | 15.2 | 157.2 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 14.3 | 12.1 | 8.7 | 2.9 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 4.6 | 11.6 | 54.7 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 126.9 | 146.8 | 190.7 | 206.2 | 251.4 | 270.1 | 301.9 | 258.2 | 201.0 | 159.2 | 91.1 | 91.6 | 2,295.1 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 44 | 50 | 52 | 51 | 55 | 58 | 64 | 59 | 53 | 47 | 32 | 33 | 51 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| Source 1: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)[4][5][6][7] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV)[8] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Concord Municipal Airport, New Hampshire (1991−2020 normals,[c] extremes 1868–present)[d] | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 72 (22) |
74 (23) |
89 (32) |
95 (35) |
98 (37) |
101 (38) |
102 (39) |
101 (38) |
98 (37) |
92 (33) |
80 (27) |
73 (23) |
102 (39) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 52.4 (11.3) |
54.3 (12.4) |
65.6 (18.7) |
81.6 (27.6) |
89.6 (32.0) |
92.8 (33.8) |
93.8 (34.3) |
92.4 (33.6) |
89.0 (31.7) |
79.0 (26.1) |
68.6 (20.3) |
56.9 (13.8) |
96.1 (35.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 31.6 (−0.2) |
34.8 (1.6) |
43.6 (6.4) |
57.5 (14.2) |
69.3 (20.7) |
77.8 (25.4) |
83.0 (28.3) |
81.7 (27.6) |
73.7 (23.2) |
60.9 (16.1) |
48.4 (9.1) |
37.1 (2.8) |
58.3 (14.6) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 22.3 (−5.4) |
24.7 (−4.1) |
33.4 (0.8) |
45.4 (7.4) |
56.7 (13.7) |
65.8 (18.8) |
71.1 (21.7) |
69.5 (20.8) |
61.4 (16.3) |
49.3 (9.6) |
38.6 (3.7) |
28.3 (−2.1) |
47.2 (8.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 12.9 (−10.6) |
14.7 (−9.6) |
23.3 (−4.8) |
33.3 (0.7) |
44.1 (6.7) |
53.7 (12.1) |
59.2 (15.1) |
57.2 (14.0) |
49.0 (9.4) |
37.8 (3.2) |
28.7 (−1.8) |
19.5 (−6.9) |
36.1 (2.3) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −9.2 (−22.9) |
−7.2 (−21.8) |
1.6 (−16.9) |
19.2 (−7.1) |
29.2 (−1.6) |
39.0 (3.9) |
47.1 (8.4) |
44.1 (6.7) |
32.1 (0.1) |
22.1 (−5.5) |
11.8 (−11.2) |
−0.9 (−18.3) |
−12.4 (−24.7) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −35 (−37) |
−37 (−38) |
−20 (−29) |
4 (−16) |
21 (−6) |
26 (−3) |
33 (1) |
29 (−2) |
20 (−7) |
10 (−12) |
−17 (−27) |
−24 (−31) |
−37 (−38) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.80 (71) |
2.75 (70) |
3.28 (83) |
3.43 (87) |
3.47 (88) |
3.77 (96) |
3.62 (92) |
3.63 (92) |
3.63 (92) |
4.43 (113) |
3.44 (87) |
3.70 (94) |
41.95 (1,066) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 17.1 (43) |
16.9 (43) |
13.6 (35) |
2.5 (6.4) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.8 (2.0) |
2.5 (6.4) |
14.3 (36) |
67.7 (172) |
| Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) | 11.9 (30) |
15.3 (39) |
13.9 (35) |
4.0 (10) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.6 (1.5) |
2.0 (5.1) |
9.1 (23) |
19.8 (50) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 11.2 | 10.0 | 11.5 | 11.4 | 12.4 | 12.8 | 10.9 | 9.9 | 9.3 | 10.6 | 10.8 | 12.0 | 132.8 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 8.1 | 7.6 | 5.2 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 6.3 | 30.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 67.9 | 66.0 | 64.8 | 62.0 | 65.0 | 70.9 | 71.8 | 74.5 | 76.3 | 72.8 | 73.3 | 72.3 | 69.8 |
| Average dew point °F (°C) | 10.2 (−12.1) |
12.0 (−11.1) |
20.8 (−6.2) |
29.8 (−1.2) |
42.1 (5.6) |
53.8 (12.1) |
58.8 (14.9) |
57.9 (14.4) |
50.5 (10.3) |
38.3 (3.5) |
28.8 (−1.8) |
16.7 (−8.5) |
35.0 (1.7) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 162.8 | 171.8 | 210.5 | 223.2 | 258.4 | 274.3 | 295.8 | 261.9 | 214.7 | 183.4 | 127.8 | 134.8 | 2,519.4 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 56 | 58 | 57 | 56 | 57 | 60 | 64 | 61 | 57 | 54 | 44 | 48 | 56 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity , dew points and sun 1961–1990)[9][10][11] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV)[12] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Portland International Jetport, Maine (1991–2020 normals,[e] extremes 1871–present[f]) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 67 (19) |
68 (20) |
88 (31) |
92 (33) |
96 (36) |
98 (37) |
103 (39) |
103 (39) |
96 (36) |
88 (31) |
79 (26) |
71 (22) |
103 (39) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 51.8 (11.0) |
51.5 (10.8) |
61.2 (16.2) |
74.5 (23.6) |
85.4 (29.7) |
89.2 (31.8) |
91.6 (33.1) |
90.0 (32.2) |
86.6 (30.3) |
75.3 (24.1) |
65.4 (18.6) |
55.6 (13.1) |
93.5 (34.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 32.4 (0.2) |
35.0 (1.7) |
42.3 (5.7) |
53.8 (12.1) |
64.2 (17.9) |
73.6 (23.1) |
79.5 (26.4) |
78.7 (25.9) |
71.1 (21.7) |
59.5 (15.3) |
48.4 (9.1) |
38.3 (3.5) |
56.4 (13.6) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 24.0 (−4.4) |
26.2 (−3.2) |
34.1 (1.2) |
44.6 (7.0) |
54.9 (12.7) |
64.3 (17.9) |
70.4 (21.3) |
69.2 (20.7) |
61.6 (16.4) |
50.3 (10.2) |
40.0 (4.4) |
30.3 (−0.9) |
47.5 (8.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 15.6 (−9.1) |
17.3 (−8.2) |
26.0 (−3.3) |
35.4 (1.9) |
45.5 (7.5) |
55.0 (12.8) |
61.2 (16.2) |
59.7 (15.4) |
52.1 (11.2) |
41.0 (5.0) |
31.7 (−0.2) |
22.4 (−5.3) |
38.6 (3.7) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −6.1 (−21.2) |
−2.2 (−19.0) |
6.4 (−14.2) |
23.7 (−4.6) |
33.1 (0.6) |
43.4 (6.3) |
51.7 (10.9) |
48.6 (9.2) |
37.1 (2.8) |
26.5 (−3.1) |
16.0 (−8.9) |
3.9 (−15.6) |
−9.0 (−22.8) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −26 (−32) |
−39 (−39) |
−21 (−29) |
8 (−13) |
23 (−5) |
33 (1) |
40 (4) |
33 (1) |
23 (−5) |
15 (−9) |
−6 (−21) |
−21 (−29) |
−39 (−39) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.50 (89) |
3.54 (90) |
4.08 (104) |
4.41 (112) |
3.67 (93) |
4.15 (105) |
3.43 (87) |
3.57 (91) |
3.77 (96) |
5.25 (133) |
4.25 (108) |
4.50 (114) |
48.12 (1,222) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 18.6 (47) |
16.6 (42) |
13.6 (35) |
2.8 (7.1) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.51) |
2.3 (5.8) |
14.6 (37) |
68.7 (174) |
| Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) | 11.5 (29) |
11.5 (29) |
11.9 (30) |
2.3 (5.8) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
1.3 (3.3) |
8.2 (21) |
17.6 (45) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 11.2 | 10.2 | 11.3 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 11.7 | 10.8 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 12.3 | 131.4 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 7.6 | 7.0 | 5.1 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 6.0 | 28.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 66.8 | 65.2 | 66.3 | 66.8 | 71.1 | 74.7 | 75.3 | 76.3 | 76.7 | 73.9 | 72.6 | 70.2 | 71.3 |
| Average dew point °F (°C) | 11.5 (−11.4) |
12.9 (−10.6) |
21.7 (−5.7) |
30.9 (−0.6) |
42.6 (5.9) |
53.1 (11.7) |
59.2 (15.1) |
58.5 (14.7) |
50.9 (10.5) |
39.7 (4.3) |
30.0 (−1.1) |
17.4 (−8.1) |
35.7 (2.1) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 164.8 | 172.8 | 205.2 | 213.5 | 243.2 | 259.1 | 282.2 | 267.6 | 229.1 | 195.7 | 138.7 | 140.9 | 2,512.8 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 57 | 59 | 55 | 53 | 53 | 56 | 60 | 62 | 61 | 57 | 48 | 51 | 56 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[14][15][16] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV)[17] | |||||||||||||
| Water temperatures | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average sea temperature °F (°C) | 41.3 (5.2) |
38.8 (3.8) |
38.0 (3.3) |
41.6 (5.3) |
46.7 (8.1) |
54.6 (12.6) |
61.3 (16.3) |
63.7 (17.7) |
60.5 (15.8) |
54.9 (12.8) |
49.6 (9.8) |
45.3 (7.4) |
49.7 (9.8) |
| Source: Weather Atlas[17] | |||||||||||||
Central
[edit]| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Record high °F (°C) | 74 (23) |
73 (23) |
89 (32) |
94 (34) |
97 (36) |
100 (38) |
104 (40) |
102 (39) |
102 (39) |
90 (32) |
83 (28) |
76 (24) |
104 (40) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 58.3 (14.6) |
57.9 (14.4) |
67.0 (19.4) |
79.9 (26.6) |
88.1 (31.2) |
92.2 (33.4) |
95.0 (35.0) |
93.7 (34.3) |
88.9 (31.6) |
79.6 (26.4) |
70.2 (21.2) |
61.2 (16.2) |
96.4 (35.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 36.8 (2.7) |
39.0 (3.9) |
45.5 (7.5) |
56.4 (13.6) |
66.5 (19.2) |
76.2 (24.6) |
82.1 (27.8) |
80.4 (26.9) |
73.1 (22.8) |
62.1 (16.7) |
51.6 (10.9) |
42.2 (5.7) |
59.3 (15.2) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 29.9 (−1.2) |
31.8 (−0.1) |
38.3 (3.5) |
48.6 (9.2) |
58.4 (14.7) |
68.0 (20.0) |
74.1 (23.4) |
72.7 (22.6) |
65.6 (18.7) |
54.8 (12.7) |
44.7 (7.1) |
35.7 (2.1) |
51.9 (11.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 23.1 (−4.9) |
24.6 (−4.1) |
31.1 (−0.5) |
40.8 (4.9) |
50.3 (10.2) |
59.7 (15.4) |
66.0 (18.9) |
65.1 (18.4) |
58.2 (14.6) |
47.5 (8.6) |
37.9 (3.3) |
29.2 (−1.6) |
44.5 (6.9) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 4.8 (−15.1) |
8.3 (−13.2) |
15.6 (−9.1) |
31.0 (−0.6) |
41.2 (5.1) |
49.7 (9.8) |
58.6 (14.8) |
57.7 (14.3) |
46.7 (8.2) |
35.1 (1.7) |
24.4 (−4.2) |
13.1 (−10.5) |
2.6 (−16.3) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −13 (−25) |
−18 (−28) |
−8 (−22) |
11 (−12) |
31 (−1) |
41 (5) |
50 (10) |
46 (8) |
34 (1) |
25 (−4) |
−2 (−19) |
−17 (−27) |
−18 (−28) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.39 (86) |
3.21 (82) |
4.17 (106) |
3.63 (92) |
3.25 (83) |
3.89 (99) |
3.27 (83) |
3.23 (82) |
3.56 (90) |
4.03 (102) |
3.66 (93) |
4.30 (109) |
43.59 (1,107) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 14.3 (36) |
14.4 (37) |
9.0 (23) |
1.6 (4.1) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.51) |
0.7 (1.8) |
9.0 (23) |
49.2 (125) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 11.8 | 10.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.8 | 10.9 | 9.4 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 11.9 | 128.4 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 6.6 | 6.2 | 4.4 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 4.2 | 23.0 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 62.3 | 62.0 | 63.1 | 63.0 | 66.7 | 68.5 | 68.4 | 70.8 | 71.8 | 68.5 | 67.5 | 65.4 | 66.5 |
| Average dew point °F (°C) | 16.5 (−8.6) |
17.6 (−8.0) |
25.2 (−3.8) |
33.6 (0.9) |
45.0 (7.2) |
55.2 (12.9) |
61.0 (16.1) |
60.4 (15.8) |
53.8 (12.1) |
42.8 (6.0) |
33.4 (0.8) |
22.1 (−5.5) |
38.9 (3.8) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 163.4 | 168.4 | 213.7 | 227.2 | 267.3 | 286.5 | 300.9 | 277.3 | 237.1 | 206.3 | 143.2 | 142.3 | 2,633.6 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 56 | 57 | 58 | 57 | 59 | 63 | 65 | 64 | 63 | 60 | 49 | 50 | 59 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point and sun 1961−1990)[19][20][21] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV)[22] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Boston, Massachusetts | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average sea temperature °F (°C) | 41.3 (5.2) |
38.1 (3.4) |
38.4 (3.5) |
43.1 (6.2) |
49.2 (9.5) |
58.4 (14.7) |
65.7 (18.7) |
67.9 (20.0) |
64.8 (18.2) |
59.4 (15.3) |
52.3 (11.3) |
46.6 (8.2) |
52.1 (11.2) |
| Source: Weather Atlas[22] | |||||||||||||
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Record high °F (°C) | 70 (21) |
72 (22) |
90 (32) |
98 (37) |
96 (36) |
98 (37) |
102 (39) |
104 (40) |
100 (38) |
88 (31) |
81 (27) |
77 (25) |
104 (40) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 58.7 (14.8) |
57.9 (14.4) |
67.1 (19.5) |
79.3 (26.3) |
87.2 (30.7) |
91.5 (33.1) |
94.8 (34.9) |
92.7 (33.7) |
87.6 (30.9) |
78.9 (26.1) |
70.1 (21.2) |
61.5 (16.4) |
96.6 (35.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 38.3 (3.5) |
40.5 (4.7) |
47.7 (8.7) |
58.9 (14.9) |
68.9 (20.5) |
77.7 (25.4) |
83.6 (28.7) |
82.2 (27.9) |
74.8 (23.8) |
63.8 (17.7) |
53.2 (11.8) |
43.4 (6.3) |
61.1 (16.2) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 30.2 (−1.0) |
32.0 (0.0) |
38.9 (3.8) |
49.3 (9.6) |
59.1 (15.1) |
68.2 (20.1) |
74.4 (23.6) |
73.0 (22.8) |
65.6 (18.7) |
54.4 (12.4) |
44.5 (6.9) |
35.5 (1.9) |
52.1 (11.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 22.1 (−5.5) |
23.5 (−4.7) |
30.2 (−1.0) |
39.6 (4.2) |
49.2 (9.6) |
58.8 (14.9) |
65.2 (18.4) |
63.9 (17.7) |
56.5 (13.6) |
45.1 (7.3) |
35.8 (2.1) |
27.6 (−2.4) |
43.1 (6.2) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 4.1 (−15.5) |
7.4 (−13.7) |
15.1 (−9.4) |
28.5 (−1.9) |
38.1 (3.4) |
47.2 (8.4) |
56.2 (13.4) |
54.3 (12.4) |
43.1 (6.2) |
31.7 (−0.2) |
21.8 (−5.7) |
12.3 (−10.9) |
2.0 (−16.7) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −13 (−25) |
−17 (−27) |
1 (−17) |
11 (−12) |
29 (−2) |
39 (4) |
48 (9) |
40 (4) |
32 (0) |
20 (−7) |
6 (−14) |
−12 (−24) |
−17 (−27) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.96 (101) |
3.44 (87) |
4.90 (124) |
4.29 (109) |
3.37 (86) |
3.81 (97) |
2.91 (74) |
3.59 (91) |
4.17 (106) |
4.18 (106) |
4.27 (108) |
4.65 (118) |
47.54 (1,208) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 10.3 (26) |
10.5 (27) |
6.4 (16) |
0.6 (1.5) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.51) |
1.0 (2.5) |
7.6 (19) |
36.6 (93) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 11.2 | 10.3 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 12.2 | 10.8 | 9.3 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 10.2 | 9.6 | 11.9 | 127.0 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 5.7 | 5.4 | 3.7 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 3.4 | 19.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 63.9 | 63.0 | 62.9 | 61.4 | 66.6 | 70.1 | 71.0 | 72.5 | 73.0 | 70.2 | 68.9 | 67.0 | 67.5 |
| Average dew point °F (°C) | 16.3 (−8.7) |
17.4 (−8.1) |
25.0 (−3.9) |
33.1 (0.6) |
45.0 (7.2) |
55.6 (13.1) |
61.5 (16.4) |
61.0 (16.1) |
53.8 (12.1) |
42.6 (5.9) |
33.3 (0.7) |
22.1 (−5.5) |
38.9 (3.8) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 171.7 | 172.6 | 215.6 | 225.1 | 254.9 | 274.1 | 290.6 | 262.8 | 233.0 | 208.7 | 148.0 | 148.6 | 2,605.7 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 58 | 58 | 58 | 56 | 57 | 60 | 63 | 61 | 62 | 61 | 50 | 52 | 58 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point, and sun 1961–1990)[24][25][26] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather Atlas [27] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Providence | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average sea temperature °F (°C) | 41.4 (5.2) |
38.1 (3.4) |
38.7 (3.8) |
44.1 (6.7) |
50.9 (10.5) |
59.6 (15.3) |
67.0 (19.4) |
69.3 (20.7) |
66.7 (19.3) |
61.6 (16.4) |
54.2 (12.3) |
47.7 (8.8) |
53.3 (11.8) |
| Source: Weather Atlas [27] | |||||||||||||
Southern coastal
[edit]| Climate data for Bridgeport, Connecticut (Sikorsky Airport), 1990–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Record high °F (°C) | 68 (20) |
67 (19) |
84 (29) |
91 (33) |
97 (36) |
97 (36) |
103 (39) |
100 (38) |
99 (37) |
89 (32) |
78 (26) |
76 (24) |
103 (39) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 55.2 (12.9) |
55.4 (13.0) |
65.8 (18.8) |
76.4 (24.7) |
83.7 (28.7) |
89.9 (32.2) |
92.9 (33.8) |
91.4 (33.0) |
85.1 (29.5) |
76.6 (24.8) |
67.4 (19.7) |
58.6 (14.8) |
94.6 (34.8) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 38.4 (3.6) |
40.5 (4.7) |
47.4 (8.6) |
58.3 (14.6) |
68.4 (20.2) |
77.7 (25.4) |
83.4 (28.6) |
81.9 (27.7) |
75.4 (24.1) |
64.4 (18.0) |
53.6 (12.0) |
43.8 (6.6) |
61.1 (16.2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 31.2 (−0.4) |
33.1 (0.6) |
39.9 (4.4) |
50.0 (10.0) |
60.0 (15.6) |
69.6 (20.9) |
75.7 (24.3) |
74.5 (23.6) |
67.6 (19.8) |
56.4 (13.6) |
46.0 (7.8) |
37.0 (2.8) |
53.4 (11.9) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 24.4 (−4.2) |
25.7 (−3.5) |
32.3 (0.2) |
41.7 (5.4) |
51.7 (10.9) |
61.5 (16.4) |
67.9 (19.9) |
67.0 (19.4) |
59.8 (15.4) |
48.3 (9.1) |
38.4 (3.6) |
30.2 (−1.0) |
45.4 (7.4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 5.3 (−14.8) |
9.8 (−12.3) |
16.3 (−8.7) |
30.0 (−1.1) |
39.7 (4.3) |
49.5 (9.7) |
57.0 (13.9) |
54.9 (12.7) |
44.6 (7.0) |
33.4 (0.8) |
23.8 (−4.6) |
12.9 (−10.6) |
3.5 (−15.8) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Record low °F (°C) | −7 (−22) |
−6 (−21) |
4 (−16) |
18 (−8) |
31 (−1) |
41 (5) |
49 (9) |
44 (7) |
36 (2) |
26 (−3) |
13 (−11) |
−4 (−20) |
−7 (−22) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.10 (79) |
2.79 (71) |
4.05 (103) |
4.13 (105) |
3.80 (97) |
3.61 (92) |
3.46 (88) |
3.96 (101) |
3.48 (88) |
3.64 (92) |
3.39 (86) |
3.33 (85) |
42.74 (1,087) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 7.7 (20) |
8.1 (21) |
5.1 (13) |
0.9 (2.3) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.7 (1.8) |
5.1 (13) |
27.6 (71.1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 inch) | 10.9 | 9.7 | 11.3 | 11.0 | 11.8 | 11.1 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 10.0 | 11.1 | 121.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 inch) | 4.8 | 3.5 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 3.1 | 14.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source: NOAA[28][29]
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See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
- ^ Official records for Burlington were kept at downtown from December 1883 to 3 June 1943, and at Burlington Int'l since 4 June 1943. For more information, see ThreadEx.
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
- ^ Official records for Concord were kept at downtown from September 1868 to April 1941 and at Concord Municipal Airport since May 1941; snow records date from December 1942. For more information, see ThreadEx
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
- ^ Official records for Portland were kept at downtown from March 1871 to 24 November 1940, and at Portland Int'l Jetport (PWM) since 25 November 1940. Temperature records are limited to the period that PWM was the official site (i.e. since 1940) and are based on the Monthly Weather Summary product issued by the NWS office in Gray, Maine.[13] precipitation and snowfall records date to 1871 and 1882, respectively.
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
- ^ Official records for Boston were kept at downtown from January 1872 to December 1935, and at Logan Airport (KBOS) since January 1936.[18]
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
- ^ Official records for Providence kept at downtown from November 1904 to May 1932 and at T. F. Green Airport since June 1932.[23]
Notes
[edit]- ^ "'Flash droughts' and weather 'whiplash.' Welcome to New England's climate future".
- ^ "Gardening in New England".
- ^ "Intellicast - New London Historic Weather Averages in Connecticut (06320)". www.intellicast.com. Retrieved 2018-06-14.
- ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
- ^ "Station: BURLINGTON INTL AP, VT". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2023-09-08. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
- ^ "Burlington Vermont Temperature Extremes" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-09-08. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
- ^ "WMO Climate Normals for BURLINGTON/ETHAN ALLEN AIRPOR,VT 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2023-09-08. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- ^ "Burlington, Vermont, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
- ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 18, 2021.
- ^ "Station: CONCORD MUNI AP, NH". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2023-07-10. Retrieved May 18, 2021.
- ^ "WMO Climate Normals for CONCORD MUNICIPAL AP, NH 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2023-07-10. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- ^ "Concord, New Hampshire, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
- ^ "Observed Weather Reports". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2016-09-12.
- ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 20, 2021.
- ^ "Station: Portland INTL Jetport, ME". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2023-06-17. Retrieved May 20, 2021.
- ^ "Portland INTL Jetport Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2023-06-17. Retrieved May 20, 2021.
- ^ a b "Portland, Maine, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
- ^ ThreadEx
- ^ "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
- ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 24, 2021.
- ^ "WMO Climate Normals for BOSTON/LOGAN INT'L AIRPORT, MA 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
- ^ a b "Boston, Massachusetts, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
- ^ ThreadEx
- ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
- ^ "Station: Providence T F Green AP, RI". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2023-06-24. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
- ^ "WMO Climate Normals for PROVIDENCE/GREEN STATE, RI 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2023-06-24. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
- ^ a b "Providence, Rhode Island, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
- ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
- ^ "Station Name: CT BRIDGEPORT SIKORSKY MEM AP". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2015-02-26.
- ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
- ^ "Station: Edgartown, MA". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
- ^ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
- ^ "Station: Nantucket Mem AP, MA". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
- ^ "General Climate Summary Tables". Western Regional Climate Center. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
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