Cliffs Victory

History
United States
Name	SS Notre Dame Victory (1945–1950) SS Cliffs Victory (1950–1985) SS Savic (1985)
Owner	War Shipping Administration (1945–1950)
Operator	Interocean Shipping Company (1945–1950) Cliffs Natural Resources (1950–1985)
Port of registry	Wilmington, Delaware
Builder	Oregon Shipbuilding Corp.
Yard number	247522
Laid down	26 January 1945
Launched	9 March 1945
Acquired	6 April 1945
Notes	Rebuilt as a freighter, 1950
Fate	Sold for scrap, 1985
General characteristics
Class and type	VC2-S-AP3 Victory ship
Tonnage	7,606 GRT 4,549 NRT
Displacement	15,200 tons
Length	439 ft (134 m)
Beam	62 ft (19 m)
Draught	28 ft (8.5 m)
Installed power	8,500 shp (6,300 kW)
Propulsion	HP & LP turbines geared to a single 20.5-foot (6.2 m) propeller
Speed	16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph)
Boats & landing craft carried	4 lifeboats
Complement	62 Merchant Marine and 28 US Naval Armed Guards
Armament	1 × 5 in (127 mm)/38 cal. gun 1 × 3 in (76 mm)/50 cal. gun 8 × 20 mm Oerlikon
Notes
General characteristics (after 1950 rebuild)
Type	Lake freighter
Tonnage	9,305 GRT 6,203 NRT
Displacement	15,200 tons
Length	604 ft (184 m)
Beam	62 ft (19 m)
Draught	34 ft (10 m)
Installed power	8,500 shp (6,300 kW)
Speed	17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph)
General characteristics (after 1957 lengthening)
Tonnage	11,151 GRT 7,309 NRT
Displacement	15,200 tons
Length	700 ft (210 m)
Beam	62 ft (19 m)
Draught	34.33 ft (10.46 m)
Installed power	8,500 shp (6,300 kW)
Speed	17 knots
Notes

The SS Cliffs Victory was a cargo vessel, originally built as a Victory ship, during World War II, as the Notre Dame Victory and operated by Interocean Shipping Company under charter with the Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration. In 1950 she was lengthened and converted to a lake freighter for the Cleveland-Cliffs Inc.

History

U.S. Navy

The ship was built in 1945 by Oregon Shipbuilding Company in Portland, Oregon. She had been mothballed, following her brief World War II service, and, when the Korean War required more vessels on the Great Lakes, she was purchased by Cleveland Cliffs, who planned to adapt her for service on the lakes. According to Mark Thompson, author of Queen of the Lakes, these plans triggered skepticism. But the conversion took only 90 days.

Great Lakes service

Her adaptation left her with a unique profile. Her original bridge and central superstructure were removed and a new bridge and accommodation was built in the bow, as with all other lake freighters. Her engines were left midships, and the second superstructure, that other lake freighters had above their engines, in the stern was built above her engines in their midship locations. Her hull was lengthened by 165 feet (50 m). But unlike every other lake freighter she still had holds abaft her engine rooms.

She was towed from the yard where she was converted, in Baltimore, Maryland to Chicago, Illinois, and special provisions had to be made so she could travel under the bridges she encountered. She passed under one bridge with only five inches of clearance.

At 620 feet (190 m) she was too long for the final lock on the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. The lockmaster agreed for her bow to be tied in place, right up against the upstream doors to the lock, with her stern sticking out of the open lower doors. He then opened the upstream doors, and the vessel was hauled upstream far enough for the downstream doors to be closed.

Once she began carrying cargo on the lake, at 20 miles per hour (17 kn), she was the fastest freighter on the lakes. When she was lengthened a second time, in 1957, by a further 96 feet (29 m), she became "Queen of the Lakes" –the longest ship on the Great Lakes. She held this record until surpassed by the SS Edmund Fitzgerald on June 7, 1958.

On December 21, 1971, large machinery damage was discovered. The estimated cost of repairs was $100,000. On April 20, 1975, Cliffs Victory collided with the SS Benson Ford while attempting to break the latter vessel free from ice. SS Cliffs Victory went into Fraser Shipyards for port bow repairs and was returned to service on April 24. On December 9, 1976, the ship ran aground near Johnson Point in the St. Marys River while downbound in heavy ice conditions. Cliffs Victory was freed on December 11. The incident later became known as the "worst traffic jam in the river in fifty years", with about seventy vessels delayed by the incident. Assistance of three tugs and a Coast Guard icebreaker were required to free Cliffs Victory. During the resulting inspection, it was discovered that the rudder had been lost.

Retirement

In 1985, her registry was changed to Panama and was briefly renamed SS Savic. She was sold for scrap the same year to Hai International Corp. in Taiwan.