Clarkia purpurea
| Clarkia purpurea | |
|---|---|
| |
| Clarkia purpurea (artist: M. Hart) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Onagraceae |
| Genus: | Clarkia |
| Species: | C. purpurea
|
| Binomial name | |
| Clarkia purpurea | |
Clarkia purpurea is a species of wildflower known by the common names winecup clarkia, winecup fairyfan, and purple clarkia.
This annual plant is native to western North America, including: Baja California; California; Arizona; Oregon; Washington; and British Columbia, and is found in diverse habitats. In the California Floristic Province it is found in all the zones, except the deserts, from the coasts to high interior mountains, including the Sierra Nevada.[4][5]
Description
[edit]Clarkia purpurea has a thin reddish stem that may approach 1 meter (3 ft.) in height and has a few lance-shaped leaves. The bowl-shaped flowers have four petals, usually one to two centimeters long. They are in shades of pink, purple, or deep wine red; often with a streak or spot of pink or red in the middle.The fruit type is a capsule. The conspicuous flowers bloom from April to August.[6]
Subspecies
[edit]Subspecies include:
- Clarkia purpurea ssp. purpurea[7]
- Clarkia purpurea ssp. quadrivulnera[8]
- Clarkia purpurea ssp. viminea[9]
Uses
[edit]The Indigenous peoples of California sowed the plant, to later harvest the seeds to grind for food.[6]
The conspicuous flowers support native bees, making it a "honey plant".[6]
Taxonomy
[edit]Clarkia purpurea was first described in 1796 as Oenothera purpurea in Curtis's Botanical Magazine.[10] In 1918, it was redescribed by Aven Nelson and James Francis Macbride, who put it in the genus Clarkia, as Clarkia purpurea.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
- ^ IPNI: Clarkia purpurea. International Plant Name Index. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
- ^ Nelson, A. & Macbride, J.F. (1918) Botanical Gazette 65: 64.
- ^ Calflora database: Clarkia purpurea . 2.2.2013
- ^ Jepson: distribution map .accessed 2.2.2013
- ^ a b c Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Native Plant Information Network (NPIN): Clarkia purpurea (Winecup clarkia) . accessed 2.2.2013
- ^ Calflora database: Clarkia purpurea ssp. purpurea
- ^ Calflora database: Clarkia purpurea ssp. quadrivulnera
- ^ Calflora database: Clarkia purpurea ssp. viminea
- ^ a b Curtis, W. (1796) Curtis's Botanical Magazine 10: t. 352.
External links
[edit]
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- NatureServe secure species
- Clarkia
- Flora of Baja California
- Flora of California
- Flora of Arizona
- Flora of Oregon
- Flora of Washington (state)
- Flora of British Columbia
- Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
- Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
- Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges
- Natural history of the Santa Monica Mountains
- Plants described in 1796
- Plants used in Native American cuisine
- Plants described in 1918
- Myrtales stubs