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Church of St Mary, Lastingham

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Coordinates: 54°18′16″N 0°52′57″W / 54.3045°N 0.8826°W / 54.3045; -0.8826
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Church of St Mary, Lastingham
St Mary's Church
Church of St Mary, Lastingham
Church of St Mary, Lastingham is located in North Yorkshire
Church of St Mary, Lastingham
Church of St Mary, Lastingham
Location within North Yorkshire
54°18′16″N 0°52′57″W / 54.3045°N 0.8826°W / 54.3045; -0.8826
OS grid referenceSE727904
LocationLastingham, North Yorkshire
CountryEngland
DenominationChurch of England
WebsiteOfficial website
History
StatusActive
Founded654
Founder(s)St Cedd
DedicationSt Mary the Virgin
Past bishop(s)St Cedd
St Chad
Architecture
StyleNorman
Perpendicular
Years built1078–1086
Administration
DioceseYork
ArchdeaconryCleveland
DeaneryNorthern Ryedale
BeneficeLastingham with Appleton-le-Moors and Rosedale
ParishLastingham
Listed Building – Grade I
Designated14 July 1955
Reference no.1316041

The Church of St Mary, Lastingham, is the Anglican parish church for the village of Lastingham in North Yorkshire, England. The parish is part of Ryedale and is located 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Kirkbymoorside, 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Pickering and 30 miles (48 km) north east from York.[1]

The first church on the site was a Catholic monastery founded in 654, though the present church dates from the latter part of the 11th century and was converted to an Anglican church during the Reformation. Lastingham has been an important part of Christian heritage and culture in Northern England and as such, has been a place of pilgrimage, especially for its rare crypt, which is said to be unique architecturally for England, and possibly, the world.

History

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The Venerable Bede described how in 654, monks established a wooden monastery[2] at Lastingeau, which in Bede's time (730) meant the abode of Læ̃sta's people.[3][4] The land for the monastery was procured from the King of Deira and the monks established their house in "a fold of the Yorkshire Moors".[5] St Cedd was the first abbot and he died of the plague at Lastingham in 664.[6] At first he was buried in the open air, but the monks eventually built a church around him.[7] This church has no substantial structures left; it is thought that the church was destroyed during the various raids in the area over the next 400 years, particularly by Danish invaders.[8]

When Cedd died, his brother St Chad, took over as abbot and running of the monastery, but not long afterwards, he moved to Lichfield.[9] Eventually, the relics and remnants of St Cedd's presence at Lastingham were removed and kept with those of his brother in Lichfield. Some of their bones are now entombed in Birmingham's Catholic Cathedral[10] though St Cedd is believed to be mostly buried at Lastingham.[11]

The monastery is believed to have been destroyed in 870, but William the Conqueror gave permission for a new church to be built on the site in 1078,[12] when a cohort of Benedictine monks from Whitby, set up the new church under Stephen.[13] However, they only stayed for ten years before moving on to York; it was reasoned later that the remoteness of the abbey and the outlaw nature of the area forced them to relocate. The revival of the church has therefore been confined to a clear decade and the Romanesque architecture is prominent in the reconstructed church. Some have pointed out the rarity in being able to see a start and end date in the building of the church.[14]

The church, originally Catholic, came under Anglican jurisdiction following the dissolution of the monasteries during the Reformation.

Architectural development

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During the 13th century, arcades, bays and aisle in the north and south parts of the church were added. In the following century, the tower was erected and it was left for five centuries with little further work until 1879, when it was renovated by John Loughborough Pearson with the porch being rebuilt and the whole church being re-roofed.[15] This has led to a mix of architectural styles; the walls of the aisles are Perpendicular, but the nave (and indeed, most of the foundations and crypt) are Norman.[16] Glynne was quite critical of the restoration,[17] but Pevsner wrote favourably about it describing Pearson's efforts as "remarkably sympathetic".[18] Stone altars in the church have been dated back to Roman times with current thinking being that they were re-worked during the Anglo-Saxon period.[19]

Lastingham church crypt

The crypt underneath St Mary's, has walls that are 3 feet (0.91 m) thick.[20] It is reputed to be the only crypt in England that has a nave, apse and side aisles.[21] The crypt also lays claim to be the oldest Norman crypt in the world and additionally the only one with a nave, aisles and an apsidal chancel.[22] The crypt runs underneath the whole footprint of the church above and is furnished with one square shaft which is indented with a piscina. The crypt is supported by four pillars believed to be of pre-conquest in origin and historians estimate that the crypt has not been altered since the time of William the Conqueror.[23] The crypt is accessed by a staircase descending from nave.[16] During the 18th century, cock-fighting was said to have taken place in the crypt, with or without the knowledge of the clergy and churchwarden.[24]

The architecture of the church in conjunction with its history, means that it regularly features on the best of lists for Anglican churches in England. Pevsner described the crypt as "unforgettable";[25] John Betjeman concurred describing St Mary's as "one of the most moving places in England".[26] Simon Jenkins is equally effusive in his book, England's Thousand Best Churches, awarding the church four stars out of a possible five and stating that while "most churches are a challenge to the faithful, Lastingham is a challenge to the faithless." Jenkins notes the rarity of the crypt but also points out that the church lacks monuments and historical artefacts:

Lastingham has few furnishings of interest. It does not need them.[27]

  • Church of Saint Mary
  • from the south
    from the south
  • nave
    nave
  • font
    font
  • capitals in the crypt
    capitals in the crypt

The parish and benefice

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The church has been the parish church for Lastingham since at least 1228,[28] although the church was given to St Mary's in York until 1299 and its first vicar is not listed until 1314.[29]

The benefice of Lastingham includes four parishes with five churches; Christ Church, Appleton-le-Moors, St Gregory Cropton, St Chad Hutton-le-Hole,[note 1] St Mary Lastingham and St Mary & St Lawrence in Rosedale Abbey.[30]

Notes

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  1. ^ Actually a Chapel of Ease to St Mary's at Lastingham.

References

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  1. ^ "Genuki: Lastingham parish registers: Dates and current locations etc., Yorkshire (North Riding)". www.genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
  2. ^ George 1888, p. 161.
  3. ^ Ekwall, Eilert (1960). The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names (4 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 289. ISBN 0-19-869103-3.
  4. ^ George 1888, p. 158.
  5. ^ Stenton, Frank Merry (1943). Anglo-Saxon England (4 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 121. OCLC 611540945.
  6. ^ Farmer, D H (23 September 2004). "Cedd [St Cedd] (d. 664)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4985. Retrieved 16 October 2018. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  7. ^ "St Marys Church Lastingham - History". lastinghamparishchurch.org.uk. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  8. ^ Simon, Jos (2015). The rough guide to Yorkshire (2 ed.). London: Rough Guides. p. 243. ISBN 978-1409371045.
  9. ^ Farmer, D H (4 October 2008). "Ceadda [St Ceadda, Chad] (d. 672?)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4970. Retrieved 13 November 2018. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  10. ^ Mayhew-Smith, Nick (2011). Britain's holiest places. Lifestyle Press Ltd. p. 130. ISBN 9780954476748.
  11. ^ "Bradwell: Hundreds of worshippers enjoy annual pilgrimage". Daily Gazette. 6 July 1999. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  12. ^ "Genuki: ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY., Yorkshire (North Riding)". www.genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  13. ^ Historic England. "Church of St Mary (60718)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 24 October 2018.
  14. ^ Harrison, Stuart; Christopher, Norton (2012). "Lastingham and the Architecture of the Benedictine Revival in Northumbria". In Bates, David (ed.). Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2011. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-1-84383-735-0.
  15. ^ "Parishes: Lastingham | British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
  16. ^ a b Glynne 2007, p. 267.
  17. ^ Glynne 2007, p. 268.
  18. ^ Pevsner 1973, p. 225.
  19. ^ "The king of the stones". Gazette & Herald. 18 May 2006. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  20. ^ Williams, Christopher (24 October 2015). "Yorkshire village with a mobile 'not-spot' battles 80ft mast". The Telegraph. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  21. ^ Bagshaw, Mike (2014). Slow Yorkshire Moors & Wolds : including York & the coast. Chalfont St Peter: Bradt. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-84162-548-5.
  22. ^ Winn, Christopher (2014). I Never Knew That About England's Country Churches. London: Ebury Press. p. 312. ISBN 978-1-78503-657-6.
  23. ^ Williams, Jo, ed. (2013). Yorkshire Footprint Focus Guide. Bath: Footprint. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-909268-16-6.
  24. ^ Peach, Howard (2004). Curious tales of old North Yorkshire. Wilmslow: Sigma Leisure. p. 49. ISBN 1-85058-793-0.
  25. ^ Pevsner 1973, p. 224.
  26. ^ Lewis, Stephen (16 July 2011). "Betjeman's Best British Churches, updated by Richard Surman (Collins, £35)". York Press. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
  27. ^ Jenkins, Simon (2000). England's thousand best churches. London: Penguin Books. p. 778. ISBN 0-14-029795-2.
  28. ^ "St Marys Church Lastingham History". www.lastinghamparishchurch.org.uk. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
  29. ^ "Genuki: ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY., Yorkshire (North Riding)". www.genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
  30. ^ "St Marys Church Lastingham The Benefice". www.lastinghamparishchurch.org.uk. Retrieved 13 November 2018.

Sources

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  • George, Frank (1888). Ryedale and North Yorkshire antiquities. York: Sampson Bros. OCLC 4986493.
  • Glynne, Stephen (2007). Butler, Laurence (ed.). The Yorkshire Church Notes of Sir Stephen Glynne 1825–1874. Yorkshire/Suffolk: Yorkshire Archaeological Society/Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-903564-80-6.
  • Pevsner, Nikolaus (1973). Yorkshire; the North Riding. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071029-9.
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