Chung Tấn Cang
Chung Tấn Cang | |
|---|---|
 Chung Tấn Cang, second from left | |
| Born | July 22, 1926 Gia Định (Saigon) |
| Died | January 24, 2007 Bakersfield, California |
| Allegiance |  Republic of Vietnam |
| Service |  Republic of Vietnam Navy |
| Years of service | 1952–1975 |
| Rank |  Vice admiral (phó đô đốc) |
| Commands | Capital Military District |
Admiral Chung Tấn Cang (July 22, 1926, Gia Định – January 24, 2007, Bakersfield, California) was a commander of the Republic of Vietnam Navy between 1963 and 1965.
Cang took command in November 1963 after Captain Hồ Tấn Quyền, a Ngo Dinh Diem loyalist, was executed during the November 1963 coup that led to Diệm's ouster and execution.[1] Cang was one of the "Young Turks" during the era of military juntas in South Vietnam from 1963 to 1967.
Junta era
[edit]After General Nguyen Khanh seized power in January 1964, he promoted several young colonels to the rank of "aspirant brigadier general",[2] including Cang, hoping to solidify his power base.[2]
After the September 1964 coup attempt by General Duong Van Duc failed, As the coup collapsed, Cang, along with fellow Young Turks Ky and Thi among others, appeared with Đức at a news conference where they proclaimed the unity of the South Vietnamese military. They announced a resolution by the armed forces, claiming a united front against corruption,[3][4] vowing to fight communists and remove their sympathizers from the public service, and insisting that there was no coup attempt.[5]
In December 1964, the Young Turks among the military junta were prominent in arresting the members of the High National Council—a civilian advisory body—and disbanding it. This led to an angry response from US Ambassador Maxwell D. Taylor, as the US government wanted a civilian presence in the decision-making and political stability. Junta leader General Nguyen Khanh sent the Young Turks, Nguyen Cao Ky, Nguyen Chanh Thi, Nguyen Van Thieu and Cang after Maxwell called a meeting, leading to an infamous confrontation that was later leaked to the media.[6] Taylor asked the four to sit down and then said "Do all of you understand English?"[7][8][9] The ambassador then angrily denounced the officers. According to Stanley Karnow, Taylor "launched into a tirade, scolding them as if he were still superintendent of West Point and they a group of cadets caught cheating".[7] He said "I told you all clearly at General Westmoreland's dinner we Americans were tired of coups. Apparently I wasted my words."[8] He said "you have made a real mess. We cannot carry you forever if you do things like this."[8] Cang and his colleagues were taken aback by Taylor's searing words and felt they had been humiliated,[10] but they responded to Taylor in a circumlocutory way. They remained calm and did not resort to direct confrontation, trying to justify their actions in the interests of stability and government efficiency.[11] Cang said "It seems ... we are being treated as though we were guilty. What we did was only for the good of the country."[12] Later, despite Taylor's pleas to keep the dissolution of the HNC secret in the hope it would be reversed,[6] the Young Turks called a media conference, where they maintained the HNC had been dissolved in the nation's best interests. The quartet vowed to stand firm and not renege on their decision. They also proclaimed their ongoing confidence for Suu and Hương.[13]
However, relations between Khanh and Taylor continued to deteriorate.[14] In the first week of February 1965, Taylor told Kỳ—who then passed on the message to colleagues in the junta—that the US was "in no way propping up General Khánh or backing him in any fashion".[15] Taylor then sent a cable to Washington claiming his words had "fallen on fertile ground".[15] Taylor and his staff in Saigon thought highly of three officers as possible replacements for Khánh: Thiệu, the commander of II Corps; Nguyen Huu Co; and Cang.[15] A US Defense Department report described Cang "a good leader ... anti-communist; friendly towards U.S."[16] Taylor's encouragement of a coup was not a secret, and had the unwanted side-effect of accelerating coup action from figures not favored by Washington. The likes of Kỳ, Thiệu, Có and Cang were not yet ready to stage a coup, and their preparations were well behind those of the undetected communist agent, Colonel Pham Ngoc Thao, an unstinting plotter.[17] The Young Turks maintained a guarded approach, waiting to see what the other officers would do, rather than boldly taking the initiative.[17]
When the coup was started by Thao and Phat on February 19, rebel forces surrounded the naval headquarters at the Saigon Naval Shipyard,[18] apparently in an attempt to capture Cang. However this was unsuccessful, and Cang moved the fleet to Nhà Bè Base, downstream on the Saigon River, to prevent the rebels from seizing the ships.[18] Thao and Phat's coup attempt collapse but in the midst of the instability, the remaining junta forced Khanh to go into exile.[19]
Honour
[edit]National honours
[edit]
South Vietnam :
Officer of the National Order of Vietnam
Navy Distinguished Service Order, First Class
Gallantry Cross
Hazardous Service Medal
Vietnam Armed Forces Honor Medal, First Class
Leadership Medal, Level Unknown
Training Service Medal, First Class
Civil Actions Medal, First Class
Good Conduct Medal, Third class
Vietnam Campaign Medal
Vietnam Military Service Medal, Class Unknown
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ "Vice Admiral Chung Tan Cang". Archived from the original on January 21, 2011. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
- ^ a b Kahin, p. 204.
- ^ "Khánh arrests 5 in coup attempt". The New York Times. September 17, 1964. p. 10.
- ^ Grose, Peter (September 15, 1964). "Khánh, Back at the Helm, Lauds Younger Officers". The New York Times. p. 1.
- ^ "Coup collapses in Saigon; Khánh forces in power; U.S. pledges full support". The New York Times. September 14, 1964. p. 1.
- ^ a b Kahin, p. 256.
- ^ a b Karnow, p. 398.
- ^ a b c Moyar (2006), p. 344.
- ^ Langguth, pp. 326–327.
- ^ Karnow, p. 399.
- ^ Moyar (2004), p. 770.
- ^ Hammond, p. 117.
- ^ "South Viet Nam: The U.S. v. the Generals". Time. January 1, 1965.
- ^ Kahin, pp. 295–297.
- ^ a b c Kahin, p. 298.
- ^ Kahin, p. 512.
- ^ a b Kahin, p. 299.
- ^ a b "Hours in an Anxious Saigon: How Anti-Khánh Coup Failed". The New York Times. February 21, 1965. p. 2.
- ^ Kahin, pp. 303–315.
References
[edit]- Hammond, William M. (1988). Public Affairs : The Military and the Media, 1962–1968. Washington, D.C.: Center for Military History, United States Army. ISBN 0-16-001673-8.
- Jones, Howard (2003). Death of a Generation: How the Assassinations of Diem and JFK Prolonged the Vietnam War. New York City: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505286-2.
- Kahin, George McT. (1986). Intervention: How America Became Involved in Vietnam. New York City: Knopf. ISBN 0-394-54367-X.
- Karnow, Stanley (1997). Vietnam: A History. New York City: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-670-84218-4.
- Langguth, A. J. (2000). Our Vietnam: The War, 1954–1975. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-684-81202-9.
- Moyar, Mark (2004). "Political Monks: The Militant Buddhist Movement during the Vietnam War". Modern Asian Studies. 38 (4). New York City, New York: Cambridge University Press: 749–784. doi:10.1017/S0026749X04001295. S2CID 145723264.
- Moyar, Mark (2006). Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954–1965. New York City: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-86911-0.
- Shaplen, Robert (1966). The Lost Revolution: Vietnam 1945–1965. London: André Deutsch. OCLC 460367485.