The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea gives a detailed description of early Chera and Pandya kingdom and mentions a part of the Tamil country as Lymirike (misread as "Damirica" by some modern scholars).[18]
c. 77 and 140
Greco-Roman writers Pliny the Elder and Ptolemy mention Madurai to be ruled by the Pandyans.
Pallava Nadivarman III leads an invasion against the Pandya kingdom and defeats the Pandyas at the battle of Tellaru. The territory of the Pallava kingdom now extends to the river Vaigai.
c. 859
Pandya Srivallaba defeats the Pallavas in battle at Kumbakonam.
c. 862
Sinhalese forces led by Sena II of Anuradhapura invade the Pandyan kingdom and sack Madurai. Srimara is killed in battle.
Sundara Pandian III, son of Kulasekara Pandiyan, appointed as co-regent by his father. This angered his other son Vira Pandyan and prompted him to kill his father and defeat his elder brother, who then fled to Alauddin Khalji to become king.[31]
1311
Malik Kafur invades the Pandiya country and attacks Madurai.[30]
Bukka, ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire and his son Kumara Kamapna capture Madurai from madurai sultanate and annex with Vijayanagar.
1375
Rajanarayana Sambuvarayar allied with the Vijayanagar ruler Harihara I against the Sultanate of Madura but was later betrayed and killed by Harihara's brother Bukka Raya I & Bukka raya's son Kumara Kampana who sought to bring most of South India under his rule.
1428
Sadaavarman Parakrama Pandya started to rule from tenkasi Tenkasi Pandyas, making tenkasi as capital
The Chola ruler Veerasekara Chola invaded the Madurai country and deposed the Pandya king Chandrasekara Pandyan. The Pandya king asked help from Vijayanagara, and an expedition under Kotikam Nagama Nayaka was sent to his aid. Nagama suppressed the Chola ruler and took Madurai, but then suddenly he threw off his allegiance and declining to help the Pandya king, usurped the throne and his son Viswanatha Nayak founded Madurai Nayak dynasty under the protection of the Vijayanagar.
1532–1580
Sevappa Nayak rules as the first independent Nayak ruler in Tanjavur.
1547
Vettum Perumal pandiyar, A pandiyan king ruling Tirunelveli along with his soldiers were attacked unexpectedly by Vijayanagara Nayak invaders. In this attack ten Pandiya soldiers were killed. To commemorate the death of these ten soldiers, ten Hero stones were installed and the stones are now exhibited in the Tirunelveli museum.
Battle of Toppur the battle which cause the complete disintegration of the Vijayanagar Empire, which was reviving slowly. This civil war caused severe problems to the Vijayanagara Empire..
1620–1625
With the death of Kollankondan son of pandian king Varagunarama Pandya, The Tenkasi Pandyas kingdom ends.
1625
With no inheritors in Ponnjar royal family, The Poonjar dynasty, A branch of Pandiyan kingdom ends. However another pandian branch continues to rule as Pandalam dynasty till 1820 in present day kerala
Mysore army invades Salem against the Madurai Nayak Tirumalai., Ramnad king, Raghunatha Sethupathi win the war against mysore army and helps Tirumalai nayak to recover his kingdom
1676
Maratha army from Bijapur marches into Tanjavur, Ekoji declares himself king.[33]
Raghunatha Kilavan liberated the Marava country (area around Rameswaram) from the control of Madurai Nayak. After defeating Rani Mangammal’s army, he declared independent Marava country in 1707 and annexed some territories Aranthangi, Thirumayam, Piranmalai of Madurai kingdom.
Serfoji cedes the Tanjavur kingdom to the British.
1801
Maruthu Pandiyar of Sivaganga organise the South Indian Chieftains against the East India Company. After a series of battles, they were captured and hanged in Tiruppathur Fort.
^Marine archaeological explorations of Tranquebar-Poompuhar region on Tamil Nadu coast, Rao, S.R.. Journal of Marine Archaeology, Vol. II, July 1991. Available online at [1]Archived 24 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^Gaur A. S. and Sundaresh, Underwater Exploration off Poompuhar and possible causes of its Submergence, 1998, Puratattva, 28: 84–90. Available online at [2]
^"Indian town sees evidence of ancient tsunami", Associated Press report, Poompuhar,14 January 2005. Available online at [3]
^Singh, Upinder (2009). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India 1st Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson. ISBN978-8131716779.
^Allan Dahlaquist. Megasthenes and Indian Religion
^Keay, John (2000) [2001]. India: A history. India: Grove Press. ISBN0-8021-3797-0.