Chromium nitride

Chromium nitride
Names
	IUPAC name Chromium nitride
	Other names Chromium(III) nitride
Identifiers
CAS Number	24094-93-7 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	81581 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.041.819
EC Number	246-016-3;
PubChem CID	90362;
UNII	W46I1HZ91F ;
	InChI InChI=1S/Cr.N Key: CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/Cr.N/rCrN/c1-2 Key: CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-NIYUYJRQAK;
	SMILES [Cr]#N;
Properties
Chemical formula	CrN
Molar mass	66.003 g/mol
Appearance	Black powder
Density	5.9 g/cm3
Melting point	1770 ˚C (decomp.)
Solubility in water	Insoluble
Thermochemistry
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	37.75 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−117.15 kJ/mol
Hazards
Flash point	Non-flammable
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 1 mg/m3
REL (Recommended)	TWA 0.5 mg/m3
IDLH (Immediate danger)	250 mg/m3
Related compounds
Related compounds	Dichromium nitride
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Chromium nitride is a chemical compound of chromium and nitrogen with the formula CrN. It is very hard, and is extremely resistant to corrosion. It is an interstitial compound, with nitrogen atoms occupying the octahedral holes in the chromium lattice:^[2] as such, it is not strictly a chromium(III) compound nor does it contain nitride ions (N³⁻). Chromium forms a second interstitial nitride, dichromium nitride, Cr₂N.

Synthesis

Chromium(III) nitride can be prepared by direct combination of chromium and nitrogen at 800 °C:

2 Cr + N
₂ → 2 CrN

It can also synthesize by Physical Vapour Deposition technique such as Cathodic arc deposition.

Applications

CrN is used as a coating material for corrosion resistance and in metal forming and plastic moulding applications.^[6] CrN is often used on medical implants and tools. CrN is also a valuable component in advanced multicomponent coating systems, such as CrAlN, for hard, wear-resistant applications on cutting tools.^[7]

Magnetism

The fundamental materials physics of CrN, giving rise to its favorable properties, has been debated recently in high-profile scientific journals such as Nature Materials.^[8]^[9] In particular, the importance of magnetism in both the low temperature and the high temperature phases has been demonstrated by means of quantum mechanical calculations of the electronic structure of the compound.^[10]^[11]^[12]

Natural occurrence

Though rare, carlsbergite - the natural form of chromium nitride - occurs in some meteorites.^[13]

References

^ Chromium(III) nitride at webelements.com
^ ^a ^b Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1984). Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford: Pergamon Press. p. 480. ISBN 978-0-08-022057-4.
^ http://www.alfa-chemcat.com/daten_msds/D/12149_-_D.pdf^{[permanent dead link]}
^ ^a ^b NIST Chemistry Webbook
^ ^a ^b ^c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0141". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ Vetter, J. (1995). "Vacuum arc coatings for tools: potential and application". Surface and Coatings Technology. 76–77. Elsevier BV: 719–724. doi:10.1016/0257-8972(95)02499-9. ISSN 0257-8972.
^ Reiter, A.E.; Derflinger, V.H.; Hanselmann, B.; Bachmann, T.; Sartory, B. (2005). "Investigation of the properties of Al_1−xCr_xN coatings prepared by cathodic arc evaporation". Surface and Coatings Technology. 200 (7). Elsevier BV: 2114–2122. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.01.043. ISSN 0257-8972.
^ Rivadulla, Francisco; Bañobre-López, Manuel; Quintela, Camilo X.; Piñeiro, Alberto; Pardo, Victor; et al. (2009-10-25). "Reduction of the bulk modulus at high pressure in CrN". Nature Materials. 8 (12). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 947–951. Bibcode:2009NatMa...8..947R. doi:10.1038/nmat2549. ISSN 1476-1122. PMID 19855384.
^ Alling, Björn; Marten, Tobias; Abrikosov, Igor A. (2010). "Questionable collapse of the bulk modulus in CrN". Nature Materials. 9 (4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 283–284. Bibcode:2010NatMa...9..283A. doi:10.1038/nmat2722. ISSN 1476-1122. PMID 20332781.
^ Filippetti, Alessio; Hill, Nicola A. (2000-12-11). "Magnetic Stress as a Driving Force of Structural Distortions: The Case of CrN". Physical Review Letters. 85 (24). American Physical Society (APS): 5166–5169. arXiv:cond-mat/0004252. Bibcode:2000PhRvL..85.5166F. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.85.5166. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 11102212. S2CID 39265221.
^ Herwadkar, Aditi; Lambrecht, Walter R. L. (2009-01-29). "Electronic structure of CrN: A borderline Mott insulator". Physical Review B. 79 (3). American Physical Society (APS): 035125. Bibcode:2009PhRvB..79c5125H. doi:10.1103/physrevb.79.035125. ISSN 1098-0121.
^ Alling, B.; Marten, T.; Abrikosov, I. A. (2010-11-29). "Effect of magnetic disorder and strong electron correlations on the thermodynamics of CrN". Physical Review B. 82 (18). American Physical Society (APS): 184430. arXiv:1006.3460. Bibcode:2010PhRvB..82r4430A. doi:10.1103/physrevb.82.184430. ISSN 1098-0121. S2CID 6837803.
^ "Carlsbergite: Mineral Information, data, and localities". Mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-03-17.

[webelements-1] Chromium(III) nitride at webelements.com

[G&E-2] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1984). Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford: Pergamon Press. p. 480. ISBN 978-0-08-022057-4.

[alfa-3] ttp://www.alfa-chemcat.com/daten_msds/D/12149_-_D.pdf^{[permanent dead link]}

[NIST-4] NIST Chemistry Webbook

[PGCH-5] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0141". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[6] Vetter, J. (1995). "Vacuum arc coatings for tools: potential and application". Surface and Coatings Technology. 76–77. Elsevier BV: 719–724. doi:10.1016/0257-8972(95)02499-9. ISSN 0257-8972.

[7] Reiter, A.E.; Derflinger, V.H.; Hanselmann, B.; Bachmann, T.; Sartory, B. (2005). "Investigation of the properties of Al_1−xCr_xN coatings prepared by cathodic arc evaporation". Surface and Coatings Technology. 200 (7). Elsevier BV: 2114–2122. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.01.043. ISSN 0257-8972.

[8] Rivadulla, Francisco; Bañobre-López, Manuel; Quintela, Camilo X.; Piñeiro, Alberto; Pardo, Victor; et al. (2009-10-25). "Reduction of the bulk modulus at high pressure in CrN". Nature Materials. 8 (12). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 947–951. Bibcode:2009NatMa...8..947R. doi:10.1038/nmat2549. ISSN 1476-1122. PMID 19855384.

[9] Alling, Björn; Marten, Tobias; Abrikosov, Igor A. (2010). "Questionable collapse of the bulk modulus in CrN". Nature Materials. 9 (4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 283–284. Bibcode:2010NatMa...9..283A. doi:10.1038/nmat2722. ISSN 1476-1122. PMID 20332781.

[10] Filippetti, Alessio; Hill, Nicola A. (2000-12-11). "Magnetic Stress as a Driving Force of Structural Distortions: The Case of CrN". Physical Review Letters. 85 (24). American Physical Society (APS): 5166–5169. arXiv:cond-mat/0004252. Bibcode:2000PhRvL..85.5166F. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.85.5166. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 11102212. S2CID 39265221.

[11] Herwadkar, Aditi; Lambrecht, Walter R. L. (2009-01-29). "Electronic structure of CrN: A borderline Mott insulator". Physical Review B. 79 (3). American Physical Society (APS): 035125. Bibcode:2009PhRvB..79c5125H. doi:10.1103/physrevb.79.035125. ISSN 1098-0121.

[12] Alling, B.; Marten, T.; Abrikosov, I. A. (2010-11-29). "Effect of magnetic disorder and strong electron correlations on the thermodynamics of CrN". Physical Review B. 82 (18). American Physical Society (APS): 184430. arXiv:1006.3460. Bibcode:2010PhRvB..82r4430A. doi:10.1103/physrevb.82.184430. ISSN 1098-0121. S2CID 6837803.

[13] "Carlsbergite: Mineral Information, data, and localities". Mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-03-17.

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