Chief William Anderson
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2018) |
Chief William Anderson | |
|---|---|
| Kik-tha-we-nund | |
 Chief William Anderson | |
| Lenape leader | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | c. 1740 or 1750 (sources differ) Anderson's Ferry (present-day Marietta) |
| Died | 1831 |
Kikthawenund (c. 1740 or 1750 – 1831),[1][2] also known as William Anderson, was a leader of the Unalatchgo Lenape people. His Lenape name is said to mean "creaking boughs."[1] The city of Anderson in Indiana is named after him.[3]
Early life
[edit]Kikthawenund was born along the banks of the Susquehanna River in or about what is today Marietta, Pennsylvania close to what was then called Anderson's Ferry. The Ferry was operated by his father, John Anderson, a man of Swedish descent. John Anderson was married to a daughter of the Lenape chief Netawatwees.[2] This woman's name has not been recorded. Since Lenape society is matrilineal, Kikthawenund was a member of the Unalachtgo (or Turkey) clan by virtue of his mother's affiliation.[1][4]
Kikthawenund was less than 20 years old when he first married. His first wife's name has not been recorded, but she had at least two sons at the time of their marriage, named Swannuck and Pushies. She died several years after her marriage to Kikthawenund, and in 1784, he was married again, this time to a woman named Ahkechlungunaqua. She also had at least two sons when they married—Lapahnihe and Tahleockwe—and a daughter, Aukeelenqua. Some sources say she also had a third son, named Secondyan. She and Kikthawenund had three children together: two sons, Sarcoxie and Sosecum, and a daughter, Mekinges (though there is some evidence to suggest that Mekinges was actually a member of the Ketchum family).[5]
Little is recorded of Kikthawenund's early life. He had moved to what is now Ohio by the 1790s and was one of 14 Lenape leaders to sign the Treaty of Greenville.[6] This treaty established the cession of certain tracts of land by the local indigenous peoples, and because of this, Kikthawenund was forced to relocate to what is now the city of Anderson, Indiana. The move seems not to have happened until 1798 based on later statements of his son Sarcoxie. Kikthawenund built a two-level, double-sided log house within the current boundaries of the city of Anderson. His second wife died in 1805, and he never remarried.[1]
Lenape Chief
[edit]In 1806 an assembly was held in Kikthawenund's village, during which he was elevated to chief of the Delaware Tribe. This elevation came upon the death of the previous chief, Tetepachsit, in March of that year. According to Kikthawenund's descendants, he did not want this new position, but he accepted it nonetheless.[1]
In 1811, Kikthawenund refused to aid the Shawnee chief Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa (also known as "The Prophet") in reclaiming ceded territory in Ohio and Indiana. Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa's confederation was defeated at the Battle of Tippecanoe on November 7, 1811, near Lafayette, Indiana. Later that year Kikthawenund and his followers relocated to Piqua, Ohio at the urging of William Henry Harrison. In 1815, Kikthawenund returned to his village in Indiana, which had been burned by the U.S. Army while he was away, and began to rebuild it.
Kikthawenund was a signatory of one of the 1818 Treaties of St. Mary's in Ohio in which the Lenape agreed to leave Indiana and relocate west of the Mississippi.[1][7] In 1821 Kikthawenund, along with nearly 1,350 other Lenape, relocated from Indiana to the banks of the Current River in southwest Missouri. In the fall of 1830 Kikthawenund and his followers moved to what is now Kansas, where he died in October of the following year. It is believed that he was buried near present-day Bonner Springs in Wyandotte County, Kansas.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g Jackson, Stephen T. "Chief Anderson and His Legacy". Madison County Historical Society. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
- ^ a b Kohn, Rita (Spring–Summer 2016). "Indiana's Delaware Connecting Lenape and Hoosier Heritage through Genealogical and Historical Scholarship, Powwows, Programs, and Partnerships". The Hoosier Genealogist: Connections. 56 (1). Indiana Historical Society Press – via Gale.
- ^ "History". City of Anderson.
- ^ Thompson Dead, Nora. "Some of the Ways of the Delaware Indian Women". Official Website of the Delaware Tribe of Indians.
- ^ Weslager, C. A. (1978). The Delaware Indian Westward Migration, With the Texts of Two Manuscripts (1821-22) Responding to General Lewis Cass's Inquiries About Lenape Culture and Language. Wallingford, PA: Middle Atlantic Press. ISBN 978-0912608068.
- ^ "Treaty With The Wyandot, Etc., 1795". Oklahoma State University Libraries Tribal Treaties Database.
- ^ "Treaty With The Delawares, 1818". Oklahoma State University Libraries Tribal Treaties Database.