Cheng brothers
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2022) |
The Cheng brothers (Er Cheng, 二程, lit 2 Chengs) were two brothers Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi who were prominent Confucian philosophers during the Song dynasty.[1]
Scholarship
[edit]In their early years the Cheng brothers studied under Zhou Dunyi and developed the science of nature from Mencius to Zhou Dunyi in Philosophy, establishing a system of science centered on the "Divine Principle". The most important academic proposition of the brothers is that "everything is just a heavenly principle.[2]
Differences
[edit]Cheng Hao is lively and natural, but Cheng Yi is serious and upright, sacred and inviolable, and even inhumane, which is the "face of Taoism" seen in later generations. In terms of Women Chastity, Cheng Yi thought, "...... If you take someone who is out of line to match your body, you are out of line. The first thing that I did was to ask Cheng Yi: "Widowhood is poor and helpless, can she remarry? Some people are afraid of freezing to death and starving to death, so they use the cold and hunger as an excuse.[3]，As the standard for measuring the virtuous ladies. Zhu Xi (1130-1200) also agreed with this statement in his "Letter to Chen Shizhong": "In the past, Mr. Ichuan tried to discuss this matter, thinking that starving to death is a small matter, but losing modesty is a big matter. But when viewed by a gentleman who knows the scriptures and understands reason, he can see that it is not easy. He advocated that women should "be devoted to one another" and suppress "human desire".[4]
Rating
[edit]Jiang Chenying has summarized: "Henan Erchengzi to hold respect for the study of teaching. Its purpose to strict and respectful as scrupulous, its work began to move appearance, correct color, out of the rhetoric gas between, and pushed to the end of sex up to the sky to know the fate of the base of the work of the sage, the scholar no time and can leave."[5]
Xiong Zhichu said: "Since Yao and Shun, the saints and sages have passed on to each other without crossing one respect. The one who respects is the one who goes through the top and the bottom, and becomes the way of the beginning and the end. ...... Ercheng both to a respect to receive the transmission of a thousand saints, and Yichuan is especially for the main nothing suitable for the solution, and thus repeatedly invented, so that the scholars have to hold, as a transcendent into the sage. Zhu Zi said Cheng's merit in the latter, the most is the main respect."[6]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Cheng Hao | Chinese philosopher | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-03-11.
- ^ 《二程集》
- ^ 卷二十二.
问："孀妇于理似不可取，如何？"曰"然。凡取，以配身也。若取失节者以配身，是己失节也。"又问："或有孤孀贫穷无托者，可再嫁？"曰："只是后世怕寒饿死，故有是说。然饿死事极小，失节事极大。"
- ^ 六月六月 (2003-06-27). "朱熹的"饿死事小，失节事大"的背后". Retrieved 2011-01-11.[permanent dead link]
- ^ 姜宸英：《湛园集》卷三，《持敬堂记》
- ^ 熊赐履：《学统》卷八，《正統·程伊川先生》
Bibliography
[edit]- 葛瑞漢（A. C. Graham）著，程德祥等譯：《中國的兩位哲學家：二程兄弟的新儒學》