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Charles Street Jail

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Coordinates: 42°21′43″N 71°4′13″W / 42.36194°N 71.07028°W / 42.36194; -71.07028
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Suffolk County Jail
Charles Street Jail is located in Boston
Charles Street Jail
Charles Street Jail is located in Massachusetts
Charles Street Jail
Charles Street Jail is located in the United States
Charles Street Jail
LocationBoston, Massachusetts
Coordinates42°21′43″N 71°4′13″W / 42.36194°N 71.07028°W / 42.36194; -71.07028
Built1851
ArchitectGridley J. F. Bryant
NRHP reference No.80000670[1]
Added to NRHPApril 23, 1980

The Charles Street Jail (built 1851), also known as the Suffolk County Jail, is an infamous former jail (later renovated into a luxury hotel) located at 215 Charles Street, Boston, Massachusetts. It is listed in the state and national Registers of Historic Places. The Liberty Hotel, as it is now known, has retained much of its historic structure, including the famed rotunda.

History

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Boston, 1852. Detail from: Henry McIntyre's "Map of the City of Boston and Immediate Neighborhood."
Aerial view of Suffolk County jail, late 20th century

The jail was proposed by Mayor Martin Brimmer in his 1843 inaugural address as a replacement for the Leverett Street Jail which had been built in 1822. Normally jails of this sort were county institutions, but, since Boston, then and now, dominates Suffolk County, Mayor Brimmer was a key player in the jail's planning and development.

The jail was constructed between 1848 and 1851 to plans by architect Gridley James Fox Bryant and the advice of prison reformer, Rev. Louis Dwight, who designed it according to the 1790s humanitarian scheme pioneered in England known as the Auburn Plan. The original jail was built in the form of a cross with four wings of Quincy granite extending from a central, octagonal rotunda with a 90-foot-tall (27 m) atrium. The wings allowed segregation of prisoners by sex and category of offense, and thirty arched windows, each 33 feet high, provided ventilation and natural light. The original jail contained 220 granite cells, each 8 by 10 feet (2.4 m × 3.0 m).

Over the years, the jail housed a number of famous inmates including John White Webster, James Michael Curley, Malcolm X, and Sacco and Vanzetti. Suffragists imprisoned for protests when President Woodrow Wilson visited Boston in February 1919 included Josephine Collins (Framingham), Betty Connolly (West Newton), Martha Foley (Dorchester), Frances Fowler (Brookline), Nellie Gross (Mrs. J. Irving Gross, Boston), and Rosa Heinzen Roewer (Belmont). They were imprisoned for eight (8) days.[2] Also imprisoned were World War II prisoners of war from the German submarines U-234 and U-873. The commanding officer of the latter U-boat, who died in the jail, was the brother of Operation Paperclip rocket scientist Ernst Steinhoff.[3]

In 1973, the US District Court ruled that, because of overcrowding, the jail violated the constitutional rights of the prisoners housed there. Nonetheless, the prison did not close until 1990. On Memorial Day of that year, prisoners were moved to the new Nashua Street Jail on Nashua Street.

The former Charles Street Jail building is now owned by Massachusetts General Hospital. It was redesigned by Cambridge Seven Associates[4] and Ann Beha Architects, and reopened in the summer of 2007 as a 300-room luxury hotel with a number of high-end bars and restaurants. The Liberty Hotel, as it is now known, has retained much of the building's historic structure, including the famed rotunda. A 16-story guest room addition during construction was designed to approximate the existing structure around it.[5]

Former inmates

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  2. ^ "Suffragists in Massachusetts - Turning Point Suffragist Memorial". 30 July 2017.
  3. ^ "Friedrich Steinhoff". Guðmundur Helgason. Retrieved 2012-10-05.
  4. ^ C7A.com Archived July 8, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ "Boston's Charles Street Jail Now Hosts Guests as The Liberty Hotel". Adapt + Reuse. 1 September 2020.
  6. ^ Zinn, Howard (2002). You can't be neutral on a moving train : a personal history of our times. Boston. ISBN 9780807071274. OCLC 50704670.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Further reading

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  • Inmates of Charles Street Jail v. Eisenstadt, 360 F.Supp. 677 (D.Mass. 1973).
  • 577 F.2d 761. Inmates of Suffolk County Jail et al., Plaintiffs, Appellees, v. Dennis J. KEARNEY et al., Defendants, Appellees, Boston City Councillors, Defendants, Appellants. No. 78-1216. United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit. Argued June 9, 1978. Decided June 15, 1978.
  • McMaster, Joseph (2015). Charles Street Jail. Images of America. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9781467134132.
  • White, Jonathan W. (2023). Shipwrecked: A True Civil War Story of Mutinies, Jailbreaks, Blockade-Running, and the Slave Trade. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. This book discusses the Charles Street Jail because Appleton Oaksmith was imprisoned in it and escaped from it.
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