Charaxes richelmanni
| Charaxes richelmanni | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Subfamily: | Charaxinae |
| Tribe: | Charaxini |
| Genus: | Charaxes |
| Species: | C. richelmanni
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| Binomial name | |
| Charaxes richelmanni | |
| Synonyms | |
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Charaxes richelmanni is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Tanzania.[3] The habitat consists of lowland evergreen forests.
Description
[edit]Van Someren. 1970 describes and figures (plate 7) C. richelmanni [4]
Subspecies
[edit]- C. r. richelmanni (southern Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo)
- C. r. scheveni Ackery, 1995.[5](Tanzania)
C. (richelmanni) ducarmei Plantrou, 1982[6] (Democratic Republic of Congo: Kivu) is now considered as bona species.[Stat.Rev.2005][7][8]
Related species
[edit]Historical attempts to assemble a cluster of presumably related species into a "Charaxes jasius Group" have not been wholly convincing. More recent taxonomic revision,[7] corroborated by phylogenetic research, allow a more rational grouping congruent with cladistic relationships. Within a well-populated clade of 27 related species sharing a common ancestor approximately 16 mya during the Miocene,[8] 26 are now considered together as The jasius Group.[7] One of the two lineages within this clade forms a robust monophyletic group of seven species sharing a common ancestor approximately 2-3 mya, i.e. during the Pliocene,[8] and are considered as the jasius subgroup.[7] The second lineage leads to 19 other species within the Jasius group, which are split into three well-populated subgroups of closely related species.
The jasius Group (26 Species):[7]
Clade 1: jasius subgroup (7 species)
Clade 2: contains the well-populated three additional subgroups (19 species) of the jasius Group: called the brutus, pollux, and eudoxus subgroups.[7]
- the eudoxus subgroup (11 species):
- Charaxes eudoxus
- Charaxes lucyae
- Charaxes richelmanni
- Charaxes musakensis
- Charaxes biokensis[stat.rev.2005][7]
- Charaxes ducarmei
- Charaxes druceanus
- Charaxes tectonis
- Charaxes phraortes
- Charaxes andranodorus
- Charaxes andrefana[stat.rev.2025][7]
Further exploration of the phylogenetic relationships amongst existing Charaxes taxa is required to improve clarity.
References
[edit]
- ^ Rober, J. 1936. Uber einige afrikanische Charaxes – Arten und andere exotische Falter.Entomologische Rundschau 53: 575-580 p. 578
- ^ Charaxes, Site of Markku Savela
- ^ "Afrotropical Butterflies: File H - Charaxinae - Tribe Charaxini". Archived from the original on 2013-11-09. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
- ^ Van Someren 1970. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part VI. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 25:197-250.Full text and plate
- ^ Ackery, 1995 in Ackery, P.R., Smith, C.R., Vane-Wright, R.I., et al. . 1995. Carcasson's African Butterflies: An annotated Catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: i-xi, 1-803.
- ^ Plantrou, J. 1982. Description de 9 sous-especes du genre Charaxes recemment decouvertes en Afrique (Lep. Nymphalidae). Miscellanea Entomologica 49: 101-115.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Turlin, B. (2005). Bauer & Frankenbach (ed.). Butterflies of the World: Charaxes 1. Vol. 22. Keltern: Goecke & Evers. pp. 2–3. ISBN 3937783156.
- ^ a b c "Out of Africa again: A phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on five gene regions" Archived 2019-07-25 at the Wayback Machine. Aduse-Poku, Vingerhoedt, Wahlberg. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2009) 53;463–478
- Victor Gurney Logan Van Someren, 1970 Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part VI. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology)197-250.[1]
External links
[edit]- Images of C. richelmanni ducarmei Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
- Images of C. richelmanni richelmanni (Albertine Rift Project)
- Charaxes richelmanni images at Consortium for the Barcode of Life includes verso
- Charaxes ducarmei images at Consortium for the Barcode of Life
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