Charaxes phoebus
| Charaxes phoebus | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Subfamily: | Charaxinae |
| Tribe: | Charaxini |
| Genus: | Charaxes |
| Species: | C. phoebus
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| Binomial name | |
| Charaxes phoebus | |
Charaxes phoebus is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Ethiopia.[4] The habitat consists of montane forests and woodland.
The larvae feed on Bersama abyssinica.
Description
[edit]
Upperside
[edit]Front wings ferruginous, paler just beyond the middle, with a broad submarginal black band along the outer margin; apical part of submarginal edge intersected with black at the nervures; a triangular black spot, its base resting upon the first subcostal nervule near the apex; a black elongate spot closing the cell; two spots, one above the cell, the other halfway between the subapical spot and the end of the cell; two black spots placed obliquely just below the end of the cell. Hindwings as above, but without any spots, and with black marginal edge. Body ferruginous.
Underside
[edit]Reddish olivaceous, basal half curiously marked with silvery spots and streaks with dark centres; central band silvery, very narrow, tapering from the inner margin of hindwing near the anal angle to the front margin of anterior wing near the apex. Front wings with a submarginal row of eight dusky black spots between the nervules along the outer margin; a row of six dusky spots on the central band. Hindwings with a submarginal olivaceous band varied with silver; anal angle ochreous, enclosing a violaceous spot.
Hab. Abyssinia. B.M.[5]
Related species
[edit]Historical attempts to assemble a cluster of presumably related species into a "Charaxes jasius Group" have not been wholly convincing. More recent taxonomic revision,[6] corroborated by phylogenetic research, allow a more rational grouping congruent with cladistic relationships. Within a well-populated clade of 27 related species sharing a common ancestor approximately 16 mya during the Miocene,[7] 26 are now considered together as The jasius Group.[6] One of the two lineages within this clade forms a robust monophyletic group of seven species sharing a common ancestor approximately 2-3 mya, i.e. during the Pliocene,[7] and are considered as the jasius subgroup.[6] The second lineage leads to 19 other species within the Jasius group, which are split into three well-populated subgroups of closely related species.
The jasius Group (26 Species):[6]
Clade 1: jasius subgroup (7 species)
Clade 2: contains the well-populated three additional subgroups (19 species) of the jasius Group: called the brutus, pollux, and eudoxus subgroups.[6]
- the pollux subgroup (4 species):
- Charaxes pollux
- Charaxes phoebus
- Charaxes ansorgei
- Charaxes dowsetti
Further exploration of the phylogenetic relationships amongst existing Charaxes taxa is required to improve clarity.
References
[edit]
- ^ Larsen, T.B. (2011). "Charaxes phoebus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T160012A5349632. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T160012A5349632.en. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
- ^ Butler, A.G. 1866. Monograph of the species of Charaxes, a genus of diurnal Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 622-639.
- ^ "Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
- ^ "Afrotropical Butterflies: File H - Charaxinae - Tribe Charaxini". Archived from the original on 2013-11-09. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
- ^ Butler, A.G. (1866a): Monograph of the species of Charaxes, a genus of diurnal Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865:622-639.
- ^ a b c d e Turlin, B. (2005). Bauer & Frankenbach (ed.). Butterflies of the World: Charaxes 1. Vol. 22. Keltern: Goecke & Evers. pp. 2–3. ISBN 3937783156.
- ^ a b "Out of Africa again: A phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on five gene regions" Archived 2019-07-25 at the Wayback Machine. Aduse-Poku, Vingerhoedt, Wahlberg. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2009) 53;463–478
- Victor Gurney Logan Van Someren, 1970 Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part VI. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology)197-250.[1]
External links
[edit]- Images of C. phoebus Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
- Charaxes phoebus images at Consortium for the Barcode of Life