Chacarilla Formation
| Chacarilla Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Oxfordian-Aptian ~ | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Underlies | Cerro Empexa Formation |
| Overlies | not exposed |
| Thickness | min. 1,100 m (3,600 ft) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone, shale |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 20°36′S 69°06′W / 20.6°S 69.1°W |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 21°30′S 36°06′W / 21.5°S 36.1°W |
| Region | Tarapacá Region |
| Country |  Chile |
| Extent | Tarapacá Basin |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Quebrada de Chacarilla |
  Chacarilla Formation (Chile) | |
The Chacarilla Formation (Spanish: Formación Characilla) is an Oxfordian to Early Cretaceous geologic formation of the Tarapacá Basin in northern Chile, close to the border with Bolivia. The marine and fluvial formation preserves several dinosaur trackways and has been declared a Natural Sanctuary (Spanish: Santuario de la Naturaleza) in 2004.[1]
Description
[edit]
The formation comprises a sequence of rhythmically alternating shales and red sandstones with a minimum thickness of 1,100 metres (3,600 ft). The lower part of the formation was deposited under marine conditions and the upper part in a meandering river floodplain and point bar environment. Paleocurrent analysis demonstrated a flow direction towards the west, northwest and west-northwest.[2]
The formation contains ichnofossils of theropods and ornithopods, occurring in the Early Cretaceous upper part of the formation, which is marked by an angular unconformity, overlain by volcanic and clastic rocks of the Late Cretaceous to Early Paleocene Cerro Empexa Formation.[2] The top of the formation is not younger than Aptian.[3]
Fossil content
[edit]
Fossil stegosaur, sauropod and theropod tracks and fossil flora have been reported from the formation.[4]
The fourteen trackways of the Chacarilla III tracksite consist of 76 individual footprints. Two of the trackways consist of large ornithopod footprints (average footprint length 39 centimetres (15 in) and average width 32 centimetres (13 in)). Two other trackways consist of small theropod footprints (less than 25 centimetres (9.8 in) long).[5] The other ten trackways were made by large theropods (footprint length more than 30 centimetres (12 in)). The large theropod tracks are tri− and tetradactyl, mesaxonic, and have lengths and widths between 31 to 65 centimetres (12 to 26 in) and 21 to 46 centimetres (8.3 to 18.1 in), respectively. Nearly all digit impressions possess claw marks, but they lack clear impressions of digital pads. The stride length varies between 230 and 307 centimetres (7.55 and 10.07 ft). The speed of the dinosaurs leaving the tracks is estimated at 4 to 7 kilometres per hour (2.5 to 4.3 mph).[6]
Additionally, in the Jurassic part of the formation, fossil flora was reported, containing fossils of Posidonomya, Perisphinctes,[7] Baiera sp., Brachyphyllum sp., Cladophlebis sp., Dictyophyllum sp., Equisetites sp., Nilsonia sp., Pterophyllum sp., Ptilophyllum sp., Taeniopteris sp., and Filicales.[8]
See also
[edit]- List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
- Arcabuco Formation, contemporaneous ichnofossil-bearing formation in Colombia
- La Puerta Formation, contemporaneous ichnofossil-bearing formation in Bolivia
- Baños del Flaco Formation, contemporaneous ichnofossil-bearing formation in central Chile
References
[edit]- ^ (in Spanish) Quebrada de Chacarilla - Consejo de Monumentos Naturales de Chile
- ^ a b Rubilar Rogers et al., 2008, p.177
- ^ Moreno et al., 2012, p.75
- ^ Weishampel et al., 2004, pp.517-607
- ^ Moreno et al., 2012, p.77
- ^ Moreno et al., 2012, p.79
- ^ Leonardi, 1994, p.65
- ^ Quebrada Juan de Morales at Fossilworks.org
Bibliography
[edit]- Leonardi, Giuseppe (1994), Annotated Atlas of South America Tetrapod Footprints (Devonian to Holocene) with an appendix on Mexico and Central America, Ministerio de Minas e Energia - Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais, Geological Service of Brazil, pp. 1–248, retrieved 2019-03-25
- Moreno, K.; De Valais, S.; Blanco, N.; Tomlinson, A.J.; Jacay, J.; Calvo, J.O. (2012), "Large theropod dinosaur footprint associations in western Gondwana: Behavioural and palaeogeographic implications" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 57: 73–83, doi:10.4202/app.2010.0119, retrieved 2019-03-08
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. - Rubilar Rogers, David; Moreno, Karen; Blanco, Nicolás; Calvo, Jorge O. (2008), "Theropod Dinosaur Trackways from the Lower Cretaceous of the Chacarilla Formation, Chile", Revista Geológica de Chile, 35: 175–184, retrieved 2019-03-08
- Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (2004), The Dinosauria, 2nd edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 1–880, ISBN 0-520-24209-2, retrieved 2019-02-21
Further reading
[edit]- C. G. Oliver and C.A. Menéndez. 1968. Geología de la Quebrada Juan de Morales, Tarapacá, Chile y su flora Jurásica. Terceras Jornadas Geologicas Argentinas 163–171
- R. J. Dingman and C. Galli O. 1965. Geology and ground-water resources of the Pica area, Tarapacá Province, Chile. United States Geological Survey Bulletin 1189:1-113
- Geologic formations of Chile
- Lower Cretaceous Series of South America
- Jurassic System of South America
- Late Jurassic South America
- Mesozoic Chile
- Aptian Stage
- Barremian Stage
- Hauterivian Stage
- Valanginian Stage
- Berriasian Stage
- Tithonian Stage
- Kimmeridgian Stage
- Oxfordian Stage
- Sandstone formations
- Shale formations
- Fluvial deposits
- Ichnofossiliferous formations
- Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of South America
- Paleontology in Chile
- Geology of Tarapacá Region
- National Monuments of Chile