Centrocone

Centrocones are sub-cellular structures involved in the cell division of apicomplexan parasites.^[1] Centrocones are a nuclear sub-compartment in parasites of Toxoplasma gondii that work in apposition with the centrosome to coordinate the budding process in mitosis.^[1] The centrocone concentrates and organizes various regulatory factors involved in the early stages of mitosis, including the ECR1 and TgCrk5 proteins.^[2] The membrane occupation and recognition nexus 1 (MORN1) protein is also contained in this structure and is linked to human diseases, though not much is yet known about the connection between the centrocone and the MORN1 protein.

Centrocones are located in the nuclear envelope and contain spindles that are used in mitosis.^[1]^[3] Chromosomes are contained within these spindles of the centrocone throughout the cell cycle.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Brooks CF, Francia ME, Gissot M, Croken MM, Kim K, Striepen B (March 2011). "Toxoplasma gondii sequesters centromeres to a specific nuclear region throughout the cell cycle". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (9): 3767–3772. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.3767B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1006741108. PMC 3048097. PMID 21321216.
^ Naumov A, Kratzer S, Ting LM, Kim K, Suvorova ES, White MW (August 2017). "The Toxoplasma Centrocone Houses Cell Cycle Regulatory Factors". mBio. 8 (4): e00579–17. doi:10.1128/mBio.00579-17. PMC 5565962. PMID 28830940.
^ Gubbels MJ, Vaishnava S, Boot N, Dubremetz JF, Striepen B (June 2006). "A MORN-repeat protein is a dynamic component of the Toxoplasma gondii cell division apparatus". Journal of Cell Science. 119 (Pt 11): 2236–2245. doi:10.1242/jcs.02949. PMID 16684814.
^ Farrell M, Gubbels MJ (January 2014). "The Toxoplasma gondii kinetochore is required for centrosome association with the centrocone (spindle pole)". Cellular Microbiology. 16 (1): 78–94. doi:10.1111/cmi.12185. PMC 3933516. PMID 24015880.

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[Brooks2011-1] Brooks CF, Francia ME, Gissot M, Croken MM, Kim K, Striepen B (March 2011). "Toxoplasma gondii sequesters centromeres to a specific nuclear region throughout the cell cycle". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (9): 3767–3772. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.3767B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1006741108. PMC 3048097. PMID 21321216.

[2] Naumov A, Kratzer S, Ting LM, Kim K, Suvorova ES, White MW (August 2017). "The Toxoplasma Centrocone Houses Cell Cycle Regulatory Factors". mBio. 8 (4): e00579–17. doi:10.1128/mBio.00579-17. PMC 5565962. PMID 28830940.

[3] Gubbels MJ, Vaishnava S, Boot N, Dubremetz JF, Striepen B (June 2006). "A MORN-repeat protein is a dynamic component of the Toxoplasma gondii cell division apparatus". Journal of Cell Science. 119 (Pt 11): 2236–2245. doi:10.1242/jcs.02949. PMID 16684814.

[4] Farrell M, Gubbels MJ (January 2014). "The Toxoplasma gondii kinetochore is required for centrosome association with the centrocone (spindle pole)". Cellular Microbiology. 16 (1): 78–94. doi:10.1111/cmi.12185. PMC 3933516. PMID 24015880.

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