Centaure (rocket)
 Centaur rocket | |
| Country of origin | France[1] |
|---|---|
| Application | high altitude research |
| sounding rocket[2] | |
Centaure was a two-stage French sounding rocket consisting of a Venus first stage and a Belier second stage.[3][4][5] It belongs to a family of solid-propellant rockets consisting of the Belier, Centaure, Dragon, Dauphin, and Eridan.[4][5]
It was operated by Sud-Aviation between 1961 and 1986.[3][5][6] Centaure rockets were launched from the CIEES/Hammaguir missile range, Reggane, CELPA, Salto di Quirra, Esrange, Thumba, Sonmiani, and Andøya.[5]
It had a maximum payload of 60 kg, an apogee of 130-146 km,[5] a launch thrust of 44 kN, a launch weight of 500-600 kg, a diameter of 0.28 m and a length of 5.9-6.3 m.
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Versions
[edit]There were various versions of Centaure rockets:[4][6][7][8][9][10]
| Version | Stages | Gross mass (kg) | Height (m) | Diameter (m) | Apogee (km) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Centaure | Venus + Belier | 457 | 6.02 | 0.28 | 140 |
| Centaure 1 | Venus + Belier | 600 | 5.9 | 0.28 | 130 |
| Centaure 2A | Venus + Belier II | 600 | 5.9 | 0.28 | 146 |
| Centaure 2B | Venus + Belier II | 500 | 6.3 | 0.28 | 146 |
| Centaure 2C | Venus + Belier II | 600 | 5.9 | 0.28 | 146 |
Launches
[edit]A large number of Centaure rockets was launched between 1961 and 1986:[6][7][8][9][10]
| Date | Launch Site | Launch Complex | Launch Vehicle | Mission Description | Nation | Agency | Apogee (km) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1961 May 27 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure | Test mission | France | CNES | 130 |
| 1961 May 29 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure | Test mission | France | CNES | 130 |
| 1961 December 6 | Reggane | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 | |
| 1961 December 6 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 |
| 1961 December 9 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 |
| 1961 December 9 | Reggane | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 | |
| 1961 December 9 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 |
| 1962 May 18 | Ile du Levant | CERES | Centaure | Test mission | France | CNES | 130 |
| 1962 May 29 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 |
| 1962 May 29 | Reggane | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 | |
| 1962 May 29 | Ile du Levant | CERES | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 |
| 1962 June 5 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 |
| 1962 June 5 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 |
| 1962 June 5 | Ile du Levant | CERES | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 |
| 1962 June 5 | Reggane | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 | |
| 1962 June 5 | Reggane | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 | |
| 1962 November 26 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 |
| 1962 November 27 | CELPA | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 | |
| 1962 November 28 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 |
| 1962 November 30 | CELPA | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 | |
| 1962 November 30 | Ile du Levant | CERES | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 |
| 1962 November 30 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 |
| 1962 November 30 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 |
| 1962 December 1 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure | FAILURE: Failure | France | CNES | 0 |
| 1962 December 4 | Hammaguira | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 | |
| 1962 December 8 | CELPA | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 | |
| 1962 December 9 | CELPA | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 | |
| 1962 December 12 | Ile du Levant | CERES | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 |
| 1962 December 12 | Ile du Levant | CERES | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 130 |
| 1963 April 1 | Kerguelen | Centaure | Ionosphere mission | France | CNES | 130 | |
| 1963 May 14 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1963 May 15 | Centaure | MPE Ba-3 Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 155 | ||
| 1963 May 21 | Reggane | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 | |
| 1963 May 21 | Ile du Levant | CERES | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1963 May 21 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure | MPE Ba-4 Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 125 |
| 1963 May 24 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1963 May 25 | CELPA | Centaure | Sodium cloud Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 189 | |
| 1963 May 30 | CELPA | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 | |
| 1963 May 30 | CELPA | Centaure | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 | |
| 1981 February 4 | Thumba | Centaure | Langmuir / E Field Ionosphere mission | France | ISRO | 150 | |
| 1982 January 30 | Thumba | Centaure | Langmuir / E Field Ionosphere mission | France | ISRO | 150 | |
| 1986 March 7 | Thumba | Centaure | D-region ionization comparison Aeronomy mission | France | ISRO | 140 | |
| 1963 June 12 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1963 June 13 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1963 June 14 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1964 February 9 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 170 |
| 1964 February 12 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1964 February 12 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1964 February 12 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1964 February 13 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 190 |
| 1964 February 13 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1964 February 14 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | MPE Ba-5 Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 190 |
| 1964 February 15 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | MPE Ba-6 Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1964 April 11 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Sodium / TMA release Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 151 |
| 1964 April 13 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Sodium / TMA release Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 151 |
| 1964 May 4 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | CNET A test | France | CNES | 151 |
| 1964 May 8 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | CNET A test | France | CNES | 151 |
| 1964 May 10 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Seddon Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 151 |
| 1964 May 10 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Sodium release Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 151 |
| 1964 May 14 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Seddon Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 151 |
| 1964 October 5 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | CNET B test | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1964 October 7 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | CNET B test | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1964 October 29 | Ile du Levant | CERES | Centaure 1 | ESRO C02 / 1 Aeronomy mission | Europe | ESRO | 150 |
| 1964 November 4 | CELPA | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy mission | France | CONAE | 175 | |
| 1964 November 5 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Sodium release Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1964 November 5 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | TMA Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1964 November 5 | Reggane | Centaure 1 | Sodium release Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 | |
| 1964 November 5 | Ile du Levant | CERES | Centaure 1 | TMA Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1964 November 5 | Reggane | Centaure 1 | Sodium release Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 | |
| 1964 November 5 | CELPA | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy mission | France | CONAE | 176 | |
| 1964 November 6 | Ile du Levant | CERES | Centaure 1 | TMA Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1964 November 6 | Reggane | Centaure 1 | Sodium / TMA release Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 | |
| 1964 November 6 | CELPA | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy mission | France | CONAE | 179 | |
| 1964 November 27 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | MPE Ba-9 Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 166 |
| 1964 November 30 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | MPE Ba-10 Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 207 |
| 1965 March 4 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | SINTRA pointing Solar mission | France | CNES | 120 |
| 1965 April 28 | Thumba | Centaure 1 | ISRO 15.02 Aeronomy / ionosphere mission | India | ISRO | 150 | |
| 1965 May 1 | Thumba | Centaure 1 | ISRO 15.01 Ionosphere mission | India | ISRO | 140 | |
| 1965 June 22 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Cs Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1965 June 23 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Sodium release Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1965 June 23 | Ile du Levant | CERES | Centaure 1 | Sodium release Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1965 June 23 | Ile du Levant | CERES | Centaure 1 | TMA Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1965 June 23 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | TMA Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1965 June 24 | Ile du Levant | CERES | Centaure 1 | TMA Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1965 June 24 | Ile du Levant | CERES | Centaure 1 | Sodium release Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1965 June 24 | Reggane | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 | |
| 1965 June 24 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | TMA Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1965 November 18 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bechar | Centaure 1 | MPE Ba-14 Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 170 |
| 1965 November 19 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bechar | Centaure 1 | MPE Ba-15 Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 190 |
| 1965 November 25 | CELPA | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy mission | Argentina | 175 | ||
| 1965 November 25 | CELPA | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy mission | Argentina | 175 | ||
| 1965 November 26 | CELPA | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy mission | Argentina | 175 | ||
| 1965 December 7 | Salto di Quirra | Centaure 1 | ESRO C07 / 1 Aeronomy mission | Europe | ESRO | 150 | |
| 1965 December 11 | Salto di Quirra | Centaure 1 | ESRO C07 / 2 Aeronomy mission | Europe | ESRO | 159 | |
| 1965 December 14 | Salto di Quirra | Centaure 1 | ESRO C06 / 1 Solar x-ray mission | Europe | ESRO | 159 | |
| 1965 December 16 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1965 December 16 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Ionosphere mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1965 December 16 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Ionosphere mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1965 December 20 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Ionosphere mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1966 January 8 | Thumba | Centaure 1 | ISRO 15.03 Aeronomy / ionosphere mission | India | ISRO | 150 | |
| 1966 January 17 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Ionosphere mission | France | CNES | 124 |
| 1966 February 4 | Andoya | Centaure 1 | ESRO C15 / 1 Aurora mission | Europe | ESRO | 120 | |
| 1966 February 22 | Andoya | Centaure 1 | FAILURE: Failure | Europe | ESRO | 20 | |
| 1966 February 23 | Andoya | Centaure 1 | ESRO C15 / 2 Aurora mission | Europe | ESRO | 115 | |
| 1966 March 3 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Solar ultraviolet mission | France | CNES | 125 |
| 1966 March 9 | Andoya | Centaure 1 | ESRO C13 / 1 Aurora mission | Europe | ESRO | 94 | |
| 1966 March 10 | Andoya | Centaure 1 | ESRO C13 / 2 Aurora mission | Europe | ESRO | 114 | |
| 1966 March 24 | Thumba | Centaure 1 | ISRO 15.04 Aeronomy mission | India | ISRO | 163 | |
| 1966 March 24 | Thumba | Centaure 1 | ISRO 15.05 Aeronomy mission | India | ISRO | 159 | |
| 1966 May 15 | Nissaki-Karystos | Centaure 1 | ESRO C06 / 2 Solar x-ray mission | Europe | ESRO | 140 | |
| 1966 May 20 | Nissaki-Karystos | Centaure 1 | ESRO C22 / 1 Solar ultraviolet mission | Europe | ESRO | 118 | |
| 1966 May 20 | Koroni | Centaure 1 | ESRO C22 / 2 Solar ultraviolet mission | Europe | ESRO | 114 | |
| 1966 June 13 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Sodium release / Turbulence Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 180 |
| 1966 June 16 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | Sodium release / Turbulence Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1966 October 8 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | FU-109 test | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1966 November 14 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | FU-167 Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1966 November 14 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | FU-167 Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 150 |
| 1966 November 19 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 1 | ESRO C21 / 1 Aurora / chemical release mission | Europe | ESRO | 123 |
| 1966 November 29 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 1 | ESRO C9 / 2 Aurora mission | Europe | ESRO | 149 |
| 1966 November 30 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 1 | ESRO C9 / 1 Aurora mission | Europe | ESRO | 147 |
| 1967 February 4 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 1 | ESRO C21 / 2 Aurora / chemical release | Europe | ESRO | 78 |
| 1967 February 16 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 1 | ESRO C10 / 1 Ionosphere | Europe | ESRO | 96 |
| 1967 February 22 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 1 | ESRO C10 / 2 Ionosphere | Europe | ESRO | 98 |
| 1967 March 28 | Hammaguira | Hammaguira Bacchus | Centaure 1 | CNES C145 Aeronomy | France | CNES | 90 |
| 1967 April 19 | Thumba | - | Centaure 1 | ISRO 45.01 Ionosphere | India | ISRO | 79 |
| 1967 May 3 | Sonmiani | - | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy | Pakistan | CNES, SUPARCO | 90 |
| 1967 May 7 | Sonmiani | - | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy | Pakistan | CNES, SUPARCO | 90 |
| 1967 September 6 | CELPA | - | Centaure 1 | Nation: Argentina | Argentina | CNIE | 90 |
| 1967 September 7 | CELPA | - | Centaure 1 | Nation: Argentina | Argentina | CNIE | 90 |
| 1967 November 7 | CELPA | - | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy mission | France | CNES | 90 |
| 1967 November 26 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 1 | ESRO C31 / 1 Ionosphere | Europe | ESRO | 77 |
| 1967 December 6 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 1 | ESRO C31 / 2 Ionosphere | Europe | ESRO | 80 |
| 1968 February 2 | Thumba | - | Centaure 1 | ISRO 15.06 Aeronomy | India | ISRO | 98 |
| 1968 February 21 | Thumba | - | Centaure 1 | ISRO 25.02 Aeronomy | India | ISRO | 84 |
| 1968 February 22 | Thumba | - | Centaure 1 | ISRO 25.01 Aeronomy | India | ISRO | 95 |
| 1968 March 23 | Sonmiani | - | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy | Pakistan | SUPARCO | 81 |
| 1968 April 3 | Sonmiani | - | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy | Pakistan | SUPARCO | 73 |
| 1968 May 8 | Salto di Quirra | - | Centaure 1 | ESRO C33 / 1 Ionosphere | Europe | ESRO | 32 |
| 1968 May 15 | Salto di Quirra | - | Centaure 1 | ESRO C33 / 2 Ionosphere | Europe | ESRO | 49 |
| 1968 November 3 | Thumba | - | Centaure 1 | ISRO 35.01 X-ray astronomy | India | ISRO | 98 |
| 1969 February 9 | Sonmiani | - | Centaure 1 | FAILURE | Pakistan | SUPARCO | 34 |
| 1969 February 13 | Sonmiani | - | Centaure 1 | FAILURE | Pakistan | SUPARCO | 7 |
| 1969 July 10 | Ile du Levant | - | Centaure 1 | CNES C81 Aeronomy | France | CNES | 67 |
| 1969 July 10 | Ile du Levant | - | Centaure 1 | CNES C82 Aeronomy | France | CNES | 70 |
| 1971 April 26 | El Arenosillo | - | Centaure 1 | INTA C-7101 Aeronomy | France | CNES | 80 |
| 1971 May 26 | El Arenosillo | - | Centaure 1 | INTA C-7102 Aeronomy /ionosphere | France | CNES | 79 |
| 1971 May 27 | El Arenosillo | - | Centaure 1 | INTA C-7103 Aeronomy | France | CNES | 78 |
| 1971 May 27 | El Arenosillo | - | Centaure 1 | INTA C-7104 Aeronomy | France | CNES | 64 |
| 1971 September 13 | Kourou | Kourou ALFS | Centaure 1 | CNES C133 Aeronomy | France | CNES | 90 |
| 1971 September 19 | Kourou | Kourou ALFS | Centaure 1 | CNES C132 Aeronomy | France | CNES | 90 |
| 1971 September 19 | Kourou | Kourou ALFS | Centaure 1 | CNES C146 Aeronomy | France | CNES | 90 |
| 1971 October 18 | Kourou | Kourou ALFS | Centaure 1 | CNES C154 / ISRO 5.13? Recovery test | India | ISRO | 90 |
| 1972 April 7 | Sonmiani | - | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy / ionosphere | Pakistan | SUPARCO | 90 |
| 1972 April 8 | Sonmiani | - | Centaure 1 | Aeronomy / ionosphere | Pakistan | SUPARCO | 90 |
| 1977 December 12 | El Arenosillo | - | Centaure 1 | Ionosphere | France | INTA | 90 |
| 1977 December 16 | El Arenosillo | - | Centaure 1 | Ionosphere | France | INTA | 90 |
| 1969 February 26 | Thumba | Centaure 2A | ISRO 45.02 Ionosphere mission | India | ISRO | 145 | |
| 1969 March 31 | Sonmiani | Centaure 2A | Rehnuma 1 Aeronomy mission | Pakistan | SUPARCO | 138 | |
| 1969 December 7 | Thumba | Centaure 2A | ISRO 45.03 Test / ionosphere / x-ray astronomy mission | India | ISRO | 123 | |
| 1971 January 7 | Thumba | Centaure 2A | FAILURE: Failure | India | ISRO | 10 | |
| 1972 August 12 | Thumba | Centaure 2A | ISRO 5.14 Ionosphere mission | India | ISRO | 150 | |
| 1972 August 17 | Thumba | Centaure 2A | ISRO 5.16 Ionosphere mission | India | ISRO | 151 | |
| 1972 October 13 | Thumba | Centaure 2A | ISRO 5.17 Fields mission | India | ISRO | 120 | |
| 1973 January 21 | Thumba | Centaure 2A | ISRO 5.15 Fields mission | India | ISRO | 165 | |
| 1973 February 2 | Thumba | Centaure 2A | ISRO 5.18 CO.07 Ionosphere mission | India | ISRO | 147 | |
| 1973 March 3 | Thumba | Centaure 2A | ISRO 5.19 Fields mission | India | CNES, ISRO | 125 | |
| 1973 April 11 | Thumba | Centaure 2A | ISRO 5.20 Fields mission | India | ISRO | 151 | |
| 1973 July 4 | Thumba | Centaure 2A | ISRO 5.21 Fields mission | India | ISRO | 150 | |
| 1967 April 19 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C24/1 test | Europe | ESRO | 123 |
| 1967 July 31 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C20 / 1 Aeronomy mission | Europe | ESRO | 127 |
| 1967 July 31 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C32 / 1 Meteorite mission | Europe | ESRO | 130 |
| 1967 November 24 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C13 / P Ionosphere mission | Europe | ESRO | 160 |
| 1968 February 1 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C36 / 1 Aeronomy mission | Europe | ESRO | 150 |
| 1968 February 4 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C36 / 2 Aeronomy mission | Europe | ESRO | 146 |
| 1968 March 6 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C14 / P Ionosphere mission | Europe | ESRO | 155 |
| 1968 May 20 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C42 / 1 Meteorites mission | Europe | ESRO | 135 |
| 1968 June 7 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C42 / 2 Meteorites mission | Europe | ESRO | 138 |
| 1968 June 8 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C32 / 2 Meteorites mission | Europe | ESRO | 135 |
| 1968 July 30 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C20 / 2 Aeronomy mission | Europe | ESRO | 135 |
| 1968 October 8 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C35 / 1 X-ray astronomy mission | Europe | ESRO | 140 |
| 1968 October 15 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C45 / 1 Aeronomy mission | Europe | ESRO | 160 |
| 1968 November 1 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C45 / 2 Aeronomy mission | Europe | ESRO | 167 |
| 1969 February 25 | Andoya | - | Centaure 2B | ESRO C49 / 1 (R3) Aurora mission | Europe | ESRO | 136 |
| 1969 February 25 | Andoya | - | Centaure 2B | ESRO C49 / 2 Aurora mission | Europe | ESRO | 128 |
| 1969 March 15 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C52 / 1 Aurora mission | Europe | ESRO | 136 |
| 1969 April 14 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C39 / 1 Aurora mission | Europe | ESRO | 5.00 |
| 1969 April 15 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C39 / 2 Aurora mission | Europe | ESRO | 134 |
| 1969 June 5 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C35 / 2 X-ray astronomy mission | Europe | ESRO | 130 |
| 1969 August 11 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C51 / 1 Aeronomy mission | Europe | ESRO | 112 |
| 1969 August 14 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C58 / 1 Meteorites mission | Europe | ESRO | 112 |
| 1969 October 10 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C52 / 2 Aurora mission | Europe | ESRO | 135 |
| 1969 November 27 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C62 / 1 Aurora mission | Europe | ESRO | 160 |
| 1969 November 27 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C62 / 2 Aurora mission | Europe | ESRO | 164 |
| 1970 February 4 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C57 / 1 Aeronomy mission | Europe | ESRO | 172 |
| 1970 February 23 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C37 / 1 MPE Ba Ionosphere / barium release mission | Europe | ESRO | 210 |
| 1970 April 3 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C57 / 2 Aeronomy mission | Europe | ESRO | 173 |
| 1970 June 7 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C48 / 1 Solar ultraviolet mission | Europe | ESRO | 162 |
| 1970 August 9 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C58 / 2 Ionosphere / meteorites mission | Europe | ESRO | 114 |
| 1970 August 10 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C51 / 2 Aeronomy mission | Europe | ESRO | 154 |
| 1970 August 19 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C48 / 2 Solar ultraviolet mission | Europe | ESRO | 163 |
| 1971 January 17 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C37 / 2 MPE Ba Ionosphere / barium release mission | Europe | ESRO | 215 |
| 1971 January 25 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C60 / 1 Chemical release / particles mission | Europe | ESRO | 175 |
| 1971 January 26 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C60 / 2 Chemical release / particles mission | Europe | ESRO | 167 |
| 1971 January 27 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C78 / 1 Aurora mission | Europe | ESRO | 140 |
| 1971 November 22 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2B | ESRO C78 / 2 Aurora mission | Europe | ESRO | 138 |
| 1975 February 9 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | ISRO 5.23 Ionosphere mission | India | ISRO | 150 |
| 1975 February 19 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | ISRO 5.25 CO.04 Ionosphere mission | India | ISRO | 160 |
| 1975 February 19 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | ISRO 5.24 Ionosphere mission | India | ISRO | 164 |
| 1975 April 21 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | ISRO 5.26 CO.22 Ionosphere mission | India | ISRO | 157 |
| 1975 April 21 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | ISRO 5.27 CO.21 Ionosphere mission | India | ISRO | 156 |
| 1976 February 29 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | ISRO 5.29 Aeronomy / ionosphere mission | India | ISRO | 56 |
| 1976 March 24 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | ISRO 5.30 Ionosphere / fields mission | India | ISRO | 142 |
| 1976 March 26 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | ISRO 5.31 Ionosphere / fields mission | India | ISRO | 139 |
| 1976 April 18 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | ISRO 5.32 Aeronomy / ionosphere mission | India | ISRO | 152 |
| 1976 July 27 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | ISRO 5.33 test | India | ISRO | 97 |
| 1976 October 8 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | ISRO 5.34 Plasma mission | India | ISRO | 120 |
| 1976 October 14 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | ISRO 5.35 Plasma mission | India | ISRO | 0 |
| 1976 October 27 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | ISRO 5.36 C-300 X-ray astronomy mission | India | ISRO | 148 |
| 1976 November 18 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | ISRO 5.37 Ionosphere mission | India | ISRO | 128 |
| 1977 June 4 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | ISRO CO.40 Ionosphere mission | France | ISRO | 150 |
| 1978 February 21 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | ISRO CO.47 Ionosphere mission | France | ISRO | 150 |
| 1978 October 31 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | ISRO 5.49 | India | ISRO | 150 |
| 1978 December 20 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | ISRO C.51 Ionosphere mission | France | ISRO | 160 |
| 1978 December 21 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | ISRO CO.52 Ionosphere mission | France | ISRO | 135 |
| 1979 February 21 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | - | India | ISRO | 72 |
| 1979 November 15 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | AST 2 Technology test | India | ISRO | 148 |
| 1980 February 16 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | Eclipse D1 Eclipse ionosphere mission | France | ISRO | 140 |
| 1980 February 16 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | Eclipse D2 Eclipse ionosphere mission | France | ISRO | 140 |
| 1980 February 16 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | Eclipse Ba / Li Eclipse aeronomy mission | France | ISRO | 140 |
| 1980 February 17 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | NO Photometer Aeronomy mission | India | ISRO | 150 |
| 1980 February 17 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | Eclipse D3 Eclipse ionosphere mission | France | ISRO | 140 |
| 1980 February 18 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | O3 Photometer Aeronomy mission | France | ISRO | 100 |
| 1981 February 12 | Thumba | - | Centaure 2B | Langmuir / E Field Ionosphere mission | France | ISRO | 158 |
| 1971 July 31 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2C | ESRO C59/1 Aeronomy mission | Europe | ESRO | 120 |
| 1971 August 1 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2C | ESRO C59/2 Aeronomy mission | Europe | ESRO | 119 |
| 1972 January 21 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2C | ESRO C76/1 Particles/Auroral mission | Europe | ESRO | 130 |
| 1972 January 22 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2C | ESRO C76/2 Particles/Auroral mission | Europe | ESRO | 131 |
| 1974 February 20 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2C | SSC C111 / 1 Aurora mission | Sweden | SSC | 155 |
| 1974 February 20 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2C | SSC C111 / 2 Aurora mission | Sweden | SSC | 152 |
| 1974 September 12 | Kourou | Kourou ALFS | Centaure 2C | NO-II-1 Aeronomy mission | Belgium | CNES | 140 |
| 1974 September 12 | Kourou | Kourou ALFS | Centaure 2C | NO-II-2 Aeronomy mission | Belgium | CNES | 140 |
| 1974 September 13 | Kourou | Kourou ALFS | Centaure 2C | NO-II-3 Aeronomy mission | Belgium | CNES | 140 |
| 1975 March 7 | Kiruna | Kiruna C | Centaure 2C | SSC S13 Aeronomy mission | Sweden | SSC | 109 |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (1965). Semiannual Report to the Congress. The Administration.
- ^ STAR. NASA, Office of Scientific and Technical Information. 1967.
- ^ a b "Fusées-sondes Bélier, Centaure et Éridan | musée des Arts et Métiers". www.arts-et-metiers.net (in French). Retrieved 2023-05-13.
- ^ a b c "Centaure". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-07-30.
- ^ a b c d e Wade, Mark. "Centaure". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 2023-09-05.
- ^ a b c "Centaure". www.astronautix.com. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ^ a b "Centaure 1". www.astronautix.com. Retrieved 2023-09-05.
- ^ a b "Centaure 2A". www.astronautix.com. Retrieved 2023-09-05.
- ^ a b "Centaure 2B". www.astronautix.com. Retrieved 2023-09-05.
- ^ a b "Centaure 2C". www.astronautix.com. Retrieved 2023-09-05.