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Cation channel superfamily

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See also: Voltage-gated ion channel
Ion channel (eukaryotic)
Potassium channel Kv1.2 (with beta2 auxiliary subunits), structure in a membrane-like environment. Calculated hydrocarbon boundaries of the lipid bilayer are indicated by red and blue dots.
Identifiers
SymbolIon_trans
PfamPF00520
InterProIPR005821
SCOP21bl8 / SCOPe / SUPFAM
TCDB1.A.1
OPM superfamily8
OPM protein2a79
Available protein structures:
Pfam  structures / ECOD  
PDBRCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsumstructure summary
PDB1qg9A:157-176 2a79B:225-409 1ho7A:378-397 1ho2A:378-397 1ujlA:570-611
Ion channel (bacterial)
Potassium channel KcsA. Calculated hydrocarbon boundaries of the lipid bilayer are indicated by red and blue dots.
Identifiers
SymbolIon_trans_2
PfamPF07885
InterProIPR013099
SCOP21bl8 / SCOPe / SUPFAM
OPM protein1r3j
Available protein structures:
Pfam  structures / ECOD  
PDBRCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsumstructure summary
PDB1lnqE:25-100 2a0lB:169-250 1orqC:169-250

1k4cC:34-116 1r3iC:34-116 2bocC:34-116 1j95C:34-116 1r3lC:34-116 1jvmB:34-116 1bl8C:34-116 2a9hD:34-116 1k4dC:34-116 1r3jC:34-116 1r3kC:34-116 2bobC:34-116

1p7bB:77-151

The transmembrane cation channel superfamily was defined in InterPro and Pfam as the family of tetrameric ion channels. These include the sodium, potassium,[1] calcium, ryanodine receptor, HCN, CNG, CatSper, and TRP channels. This large group of ion channels apparently includes families 1.A.1, 1.A.2, 1.A.3, and 1.A.4 of the TCDB transporter classification.

They are described as minimally having two transmembrane helices flanking a loop which determines the ion selectivity of the channel pore. Many eukaryotic channels have four additional transmembrane helices (TM) (Pfam PF00520), related to or vestigial of voltage gating. The proteins with only two transmembrane helices (Pfam PF07885) are most commonly found in bacteria. This also includes the 2-TM inward-rectifier potassium channels (Pfam PF01007) found primarily in eukaryotes. There are commonly additional regulatory domains which serve to regulate ion conduction and channel gating. The pores may also be homotetramers or heterotetramers; where heterotetramers may be encoded as distinct genes or as multiple pore domains within a single polypeptide. The HVCN1 and Putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase proteins do not contain an expected ion conduction pore domain, but rather have homology only to the voltage sensor domain of voltage gated ion channels.

Human channels with 6 TM helices

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Cation

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Transient receptor potential

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Main article: Transient receptor potential channel
Canonical
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Main article: Canonical TRP channels
Melastatin
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Main article: Melastatin TRP channels
Vanilloid
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Main article: Vanilloid TRP channels
Mucolipin
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Main article: Mucolipin TRP channels
Ankyrin
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Main article: Ankyrin TRP channels
TRPP
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Main article: Transient Receptor Potential Polycystic

Calcium

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Voltage-dependent

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Main article: Voltage-dependent calcium channels

Sperm

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Main article: Cation channels of sperm

Ryanodine receptor

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Main article: Ryanodine receptor

Potassium

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Voltage-gated potassium

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Main article: Voltage-gated potassium channels
Delayed rectifier
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A-type potassium
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  • Kvα1.x - Shaker-related: Kv1.4 (KCNA4)
  • Kvα3.x - Shaw-related: Kv3.3 (KCNC3), Kv3.4 (KCNC4)
  • Kvα4.x - Shal-related: Kv4.1 (KCND1), Kv4.2 (KCND2), Kv4.3 (KCND3)
Outward-rectifying
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Inwardly-rectifying
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Slowly activating
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Modifier/silencer
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Calcium-activated

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Main article: Calcium-activated potassium channels
BK
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Main article: BK channels
SK
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Main article: SK channels
  • KCa2.x: KCa2.1 (KCNN1) - SK1, KCa2.2 (KCNN2) - SK2, KCa2.3 (KCNN3) - SK3
  • KCa3.x: KCa3.1 (KCNN4) - SK4
  • KCa4.x: KCa4.1 (KCNT1) - SLACK, KCa4.2 (KCNT2) - SLICK
IK
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Main article: IK channels
Other subfamilies
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Inward-rectifier potassium

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Main article: Inward-rectifier potassium ion channel

Sodium

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Cyclic nucleotide-gated

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Proton

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Human channels with 2 TM helices in each subunit

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Potassium

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Tandem pore domain potassium channel

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Main article: Tandem pore domain potassium channel

Non-human channels

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Two-pore

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Main article: Two-pore channels

Pore-only potassium

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Main article: Pore-only potassium channels

Ligand-gated potassium

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Voltage-gated potassium

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Main article: Voltage-gated potassium channels

Prokaryotic KCa

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Main article: Prokaryotic KCa channels

Voltage and cyclic nucleotide gated potassium

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Sodium

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Non-selective

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Prokaryotic inward-rectifier potassium

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Main article: Inward-rectifier potassium channels

Engineered

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References

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  1. ^ Choe S (February 2002). "Potassium channel structures". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 3 (2): 115–21. doi:10.1038/nrn727. PMID 11836519. S2CID 825973.
  2. ^ Chen GQ, Cui C, Mayer ML, Gouaux E (December 1999). "Functional characterization of a potassium-selective prokaryotic glutamate receptor". Nature. 402 (6763): 817–21. Bibcode:1999Natur.402..817C. doi:10.1038/45568. PMID 10617203. S2CID 4391943.
  3. ^ Jiang Y, Lee A, Chen J, Ruta V, Cadene M, Chait BT, MacKinnon R (May 2003). "X-ray structure of a voltage-dependent K+ channel". Nature. 423 (6935): 33–41. Bibcode:2003Natur.423...33J. doi:10.1038/nature01580. PMID 12721618. S2CID 4347957.
  4. ^ Milkman R (April 1994). "An Escherichia coli homologue of eukaryotic potassium channel proteins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 91 (9): 3510–4. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.3510M. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.9.3510. PMC 43609. PMID 8170937.
  5. ^ Jiang Y, Pico A, Cadene M, Chait BT, MacKinnon R (March 2001). "Structure of the RCK domain from the E. coli K+ channel and demonstration of its presence in the human BK channel". Neuron. 29 (3): 593–601. doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00236-7. PMID 11301020. S2CID 17880955.
  6. ^ Jiang Y, Lee A, Chen J, Cadene M, Chait BT, MacKinnon R (May 2002). "Crystal structure and mechanism of a calcium-gated potassium channel". Nature. 417 (6888): 515–22. Bibcode:2002Natur.417..515J. doi:10.1038/417515a. PMID 12037559. S2CID 205029269.
  7. ^ Smith FJ, Pau VP, Cingolani G, Rothberg BS (2013). "Structural basis of allosteric interactions among Ca2+-binding sites in a K+ channel RCK domain". Nature Communications. 4: 2621. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2621S. doi:10.1038/ncomms3621. PMID 24126388.
  8. ^ Ye S, Li Y, Chen L, Jiang Y (September 2006). "Crystal structures of a ligand-free MthK gating ring: insights into the ligand gating mechanism of K+ channels". Cell. 126 (6): 1161–73. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.029. PMID 16990139. S2CID 418563.
  9. ^ Dvir H, Valera E, Choe S (August 2010). "Structure of the MthK RCK in complex with cadmium". Journal of Structural Biology. 171 (2): 231–7. doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2010.03.020. PMC 2956275. PMID 20371380.
  10. ^ Smith FJ, Pau VP, Cingolani G, Rothberg BS (December 2012). "Crystal structure of a Ba(2+)-bound gating ring reveals elementary steps in RCK domain activation". Structure. 20 (12): 2038–47. doi:10.1016/j.str.2012.09.014. PMC 3518701. PMID 23085076.
  11. ^ Cao Y, Jin X, Huang H, Derebe MG, Levin EJ, Kabaleeswaran V, Pan Y, Punta M, Love J, Weng J, Quick M, Ye S, Kloss B, Bruni R, Martinez-Hackert E, Hendrickson WA, Rost B, Javitch JA, Rajashankar KR, Jiang Y, Zhou M (March 2011). "Crystal structure of a potassium ion transporter, TrkH". Nature. 471 (7338): 336–40. Bibcode:2011Natur.471..336C. doi:10.1038/nature09731. PMC 3077569. PMID 21317882.
  12. ^ Cao Y, Pan Y, Huang H, Jin X, Levin EJ, Kloss B, Zhou M (April 2013). "Gating of the TrkH ion channel by its associated RCK protein TrkA". Nature. 496 (7445): 317–22. Bibcode:2013Natur.496..317C. doi:10.1038/nature12056. PMC 3726529. PMID 23598339.
  13. ^ Vieira-Pires RS, Szollosi A, Morais-Cabral JH (April 2013). "The structure of the KtrAB potassium transporter". Nature. 496 (7445): 323–8. Bibcode:2013Natur.496..323V. doi:10.1038/nature12055. hdl:10216/110345. PMID 23598340. S2CID 205233489.
  14. ^ Kong C, Zeng W, Ye S, Chen L, Sauer DB, Lam Y, Derebe MG, Jiang Y (December 2012). "Distinct gating mechanisms revealed by the structures of a multi-ligand gated K(+) channel". eLife. 1: e00184. doi:10.7554/eLife.00184. PMC 3510474. PMID 23240087.
  15. ^ Deller MC, Johnson HA, Miller MD, Spraggon G, Elsliger MA, Wilson IA, Lesley SA (2015). "Crystal structure of a two-subunit TrkA octameric gating ring assembly". PLOS ONE. 10 (3): e0122512. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1022512D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122512. PMC 4380455. PMID 25826626.
  16. ^ Clayton GM, Altieri S, Heginbotham L, Unger VM, Morais-Cabral JH (February 2008). "Structure of the transmembrane regions of a bacterial cyclic nucleotide-regulated channel". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (5): 1511–5. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105.1511C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0711533105. PMC 2234175. PMID 18216238.
  17. ^ Ren D, Navarro B, Xu H, Yue L, Shi Q, Clapham DE (December 2001). "A prokaryotic voltage-gated sodium channel". Science. 294 (5550): 2372–5. Bibcode:2001Sci...294.2372R. doi:10.1126/science.1065635. PMID 11743207. S2CID 5721075.
  18. ^ Payandeh J, Scheuer T, Zheng N, Catterall WA (July 2011). "The crystal structure of a voltage-gated sodium channel". Nature. 475 (7356): 353–8. doi:10.1038/nature10238. PMC 3266868. PMID 21743477.
  19. ^ Shaya D, Findeisen F, Abderemane-Ali F, Arrigoni C, Wong S, Nurva SR, Loussouarn G, Minor DL (January 2014). "Structure of a prokaryotic sodium channel pore reveals essential gating elements and an outer ion binding site common to eukaryotic channels". Journal of Molecular Biology. 426 (2): 467–83. Bibcode:2014BpJ...106..130A. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2013.10.010. PMC 3947372. PMID 24120938.
  20. ^ Zhang X, Ren W, DeCaen P, Yan C, Tao X, Tang L, Wang J, Hasegawa K, Kumasaka T, He J, Wang J, Clapham DE, Yan N (May 2012). "Crystal structure of an orthologue of the NaChBac voltage-gated sodium channel". Nature. 486 (7401): 130–4. Bibcode:2012Natur.486..130Z. doi:10.1038/nature11054. PMC 3979295. PMID 22678295.
  21. ^ McCusker EC, Bagnéris C, Naylor CE, Cole AR, D'Avanzo N, Nichols CG, Wallace BA (2012). "Structure of a bacterial voltage-gated sodium channel pore reveals mechanisms of opening and closing". Nature Communications. 3: 1102. Bibcode:2012NatCo...3.1102M. doi:10.1038/ncomms2077. PMC 3493636. PMID 23033078.
  22. ^ Shi N, Ye S, Alam A, Chen L, Jiang Y (March 2006). "Atomic structure of a Na+- and K+-conducting channel". Nature. 440 (7083): 570–4. Bibcode:2006Natur.440..570S. doi:10.1038/nature04508. PMID 16467789. S2CID 4355500.
  23. ^ Durell SR, Guy HR (2001). "A family of putative Kir potassium channels in prokaryotes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 1: 14. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-1-14. PMC 64639. PMID 11806753.
  24. ^ Derebe MG, Sauer DB, Zeng W, Alam A, Shi N, Jiang Y (January 2011). "Tuning the ion selectivity of tetrameric cation channels by changing the number of ion binding sites". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (2): 598–602. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108..598D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1013636108. PMC 3021048. PMID 21187421.
  25. ^ Sauer DB, Zeng W, Raghunathan S, Jiang Y (October 2011). "Protein interactions central to stabilizing the K+ channel selectivity filter in a four-sited configuration for selective K+ permeation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (40): 16634–9. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10816634S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1111688108. PMC 3189067. PMID 21933962.
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This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR005821
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