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Cardiff City F.C. Under-23s and Academy

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Cardiff City
Full nameCardiff City
Nickname(s)The Bluebirds
Founded2004
ChairmanMehmet Dalman
ManagerDarren Purse
LeagueProfessional Development League 2

The Cardiff City F.C. Academy is the youth football academy at Welsh side Cardiff City. The category two academy has a range of players from ages 7 to 18. The Cardiff City Under-21 side is the highest age group of football other than the senior first team at the club, although the side is allowed to field up to three overage players and a goalkeeper. The age range was initially set at under-21 until 2016 when the limit was increased to players under 23 years of age. From the summer of 2022, the team once again became an Under-21 team. The side competes in the Professional Development League 2.

The youth system at the club was given academy status in 2004 following the investment of chairman Sam Hammam. The academy had several managers in its formative years, including John Kerr who died suddenly while employed in the position. Several players who progressed through the academy in the first five years went on to play for the senior side and represent Wales at international level, such as Joe Ledley, Darcy Blake, Chris Gunter and Aaron Ramsey. Former Cardiff player Neal Ardley spent five years in charge of the academy before departing in 2012, witnessing the construction of the House of Sport training complex.

Dick Bate spent two years as the academy manager between 2012 and 2014 before being replaced by James McCarthy. The academy attracted national attention in 2019 when player development manager Craig Bellamy and other staff members were accused of bullying players. Bellamy stepped down from the role and a later enquiry stated that the environment at the academy had been "unacceptable". In 2020, the club announced plans to upgrade the academy to category one status, the highest possible rating available, and appointed Steve Morison as manager of the under-23 side.

History

[edit]

Background

[edit]

In the post-war era, Cardiff City had developed players using local feeder clubs in a network established under the management of Cyril Spiers. With competitive football suspended during wartime, Spiers had focused his efforts on attracting the best local young players.[1] Spiers resigned from the club before the end of the war over a dispute with the board but his work reaped rewards for his replacement Billy McCandless.[2] He led the club to the Football League Third Division South title with several of Spiers' former youth players in the side.[3]

In the early 1990s, Cardiff's youth system introduced a number of players into the senior squad. The most prominent of these, such as Nathan Blake, Damon Searle and Jason Perry, were known in the media as "the darling buds of Eddie May" in reference to the club's manager.[4]

By the late 1990s, Cardiff chairman Steve Borley led an investment in the club's youth system along with manager Frank Burrows. The move was in direct response to several Cardiff-born players, including future Welsh internationals Craig Bellamy, Mark Pembridge, Gareth Bale and David Cotterill, leaving the area to sign for more sophisticated youth programmes.[5][6] Neal Ardley, who managed the academy for five years, later stated that during this period, the youth system at Cardiff was an "unattractive prospect" and that staff at the club had described how "we could not have attracted those players at that point because the club had nothing to offer."[7]

Academy status

[edit]

Early progress

[edit]

Chairman Sam Hammam announced plans for the club to be granted academy status within two years in 2003. This coincided with the youth team using the improved training facilities at the Vale of Glamorgan Hotel and the announcement of a new sponsorship deal for the academy with Brace's Bakery.[8] The club's youth system, ranging from 7- to 18-year-olds,[6] was granted academy status in 2004, with the first match under the new designation being an under-18s fixture against Everton in August of that year. Hammam projected an annual cost of £1 million to run the academy.[9] Hammam invested in the academy as part of his business plan to improve the long-term development of the club's infrastructure, hoping to produce Welsh players for the club's first team.[5] The academy was initially managed by Matthew Crocker before he left the role and was replaced by coach and former professional John Kerr. He remained in the role before his death in 2006 while on holiday in France.[10]

In its formative years under Kerr, the academy enjoyed some success with five players making their professional debuts for the first team within the first two years. Although four, Joe Ledley, Darcy Blake, Curtis McDonald and Joe Jacobson, had all been with the club prior to the academy's founding and one, Cameron Jerome, had been released by another team before signing for Cardiff.[6] Lee Robinson was appointed as Kerr's replacement in June 2006.[11] During the 2006–07 season, two further graduates of the academy, Chris Gunter and Aaron Ramsey, both made their professional debuts.[12][13] In making his debut, Ramsey became the youngest player in the club's history to feature for the senior side at 16 years and 124 days.[13] Robinson was credited as being a key figure in Ramsey's decision to reject interest from other clubs by local media, but left Cardiff suddenly in 2007 with the club refusing to elaborate on the decision.[14]

Former Cardiff player Neal Ardley was appointed as academy manager in September 2007 shortly after his retirement from playing. One of Ardley's early initiatives was the scouting of local parks teams, with a side being organised to take on Cardiff's academy players. The match resulted in several local players being signed to the academy, including Ibrahim Farah.[15] By this time, Cardiff's academy was also operating five development centres around South Wales, including Brecon, Newport, Neath and the South Wales valleys.[7]

Cardiff City House of Sport

In 2010, the Academy moved into the newly built Cardiff City House of Sport (HOS), an indoor football centre and multi-sport venue. The sports facilities are also used by the wider local community in Cardiff.[16] The first phase of the building was opened in November 2010 and it was expended in the second phase (House of Sport 2) in April 2013.[17] The third phase of the building (House of Sport 3) was opened on 18 January 2016.[18]

Further development

[edit]

In 2011, a new age group team was launched as the Cardiff City under-21 side to compete in a newly formed development league following a restructure of reserve and youth team football in the English football league system. Former Cardiff player Kevin Cooper was appointed as the team's manager. Malky Mackay was appointed as manager of Cardiff's first team in 2011 and stated his hope of the club's youth system providing more players for the first team. In his first season, Mackay gave debuts to Joe Ralls and Theo Wharton and also gave debuts to several academy players in the following years, including Declan John and Ben Nugent.[19] The club's takeover by Malaysian businessman Vincent Tan also led to the opening of an academy in Kuala Lumpur.[20]

At the start of the 2012–13 season, a new academy tier system was introduced in English football with clubs judged on the quality of facilities and the support they provide. Cardiff applied for the highest category but were eventually designated a category two academy.[21][22] Academy manager Ardley, who had applied for the senior team managers position along with Mackay, left the club in October 2012 after being appointed manager of League Two side AFC Wimbledon.[23]

Dick Bate, who had previously worked as the elite coaching director for the Football Association, was named as Ardley's replacement in November 2012.[24] He remained in the role until June 2014 when the club underwent a major staff reshuffle which included Bate and Kevin Cooper leaving their roles within the academy.[25] Academy coach James McCarthy was appointed as the new manager of the academy following Bate's departure.[26]

In 2016, the regulations involving tier academies were criticised when Rabbi Matondo left Cardiff's academy to sign for Manchester City. Under the regulations, teams with tier one academies, such as Manchester City, can freely sign players from lower ranked academies.[27] Cardiff received compensation, believed to be around £500,000,[28] for Matondo who was sold by Manchester City to FC Schalke 04 for around £10 million without appearing for the senior side.[29] The same year, the Premier League raised the age limit of the Premier Development League sides to under-23s.[30]

Restructuring

[edit]

Following the arrival of Neil Warnock as first team manager in 2018, the youth system at Cardiff underwent a significant overhaul. This included the departure of several coaches and the arrival of former players Craig Bellamy and Andy Legg. Warnock criticised the under-23 squad, stating "and I don't think it's giving the younger players, the 18-year-olds, the right opportunities".[31] Bellamy was appointed as a player development manager, assisting all of the academies age groups.[32] The club's under-18 side went on to win the Premier Development League Division Two South in the 2018–19 season.[33] However, less than a year into the role, Bellamy stood down after an accusation of bullying from the parents of a former academy player which he denied.[34] No charges were brought against Bellamy but an independent investigation commissioned by the club described that there had been an "unacceptable coaching environment" within the academy for which Bellamy later apologised and stated "The allegations [...] made against me were difficult for me to come to terms with as I deplore bullying and any form of discrimination."[35] Following his departure, Bellamy criticised Warnock over his reluctance in promoting academy players to the senior side, although Warnock responded by stating his belief that there were no players of sufficient quality within the youth system at the time.[36]

Warnock left the club in 2019 and was replaced by Neil Harris. Soon after, the club announced plans to upgrade the academy to a category one facility in the hope of increasing the number of players impacting on the senior side.[37] One of Harris' first appointments at the club was the hiring of his former player Steve Morison as the new manager of the under-23 squad.[38]

Noted graduates

[edit]

At Cardiff City

[edit]

Since the youth system at the club was granted academy status in June 2004, several players have gone on to feature for the first team. The following current or former players have made at least one senior appearance for the club after having been part of the youth academy.

Wales Cian Ashford
Republic of Ireland Joel Bagan[39]
Wales Darcy Blake[40]
Wales Sam Bowen[39]
Wales Jonathan Brown[41]
Wales Joel Colwill
Wales Rubin Colwill[39]
England Raheem Conte
Wales Isaak Davies
Wales Tom Davies

  

Wales Oliver Denham
Wales Alex Evans[42]
Wales Kieron Evans[39]
Wales Ibrahim Farah[43]
Wales Chris Gunter[44]
Wales Mark Harris[45]
Wales Joe Jacobson[46]
Wales Tom James[47]
Antigua and Barbuda Nathaniel Jarvis[48]
Wales Declan John[49]

  

Wales Eli King
Wales Joe Ledley[50]
Northern Ireland Josh Magennis[51]
Wales Adam Matthews[52]
Wales Curtis McDonald[53]
Wales Aaron Morris[54]
England Ben Nugent[55]
England Deji Oshilaja[56]
Wales Tommy O'Sullivan[57]
Wales Daniel Parslow[58]

  

England Joe Ralls[59]
Wales Aaron Ramsey[60]
France Kevin Sainte-Luce[61]
Ghana Jai Semenyo
Saint Kitts and Nevis Theo Wharton[62]
Wales James Waite[63]
England Tom Sang[64]
England Aaron Wildig[65]
England Chanka Zimba[66]

At other clubs

[edit]

The following players have gone on to play senior professional football after having left or been released by the academy.

Wales Ash Baker[67]
Wales Wes Burns[68]
Wales Aaron Amadi-Holloway[69]
Wales Andrew Hughes[70]
Wales Tom Lockyer[71]
Wales Rabbi Matondo[27]

  

Wales Jonathan Meades[72]
Wales Rollin Menayese[73]
Wales Regan Poole[74]
Wales Dave Richards[75]
Canada Jordan Santiago[76]

  

Wales Macauley Southam-Hales[77]
Wales Siôn Spence[78]
Wales Ben Swallow[79]
Democratic Republic of the Congo David Tutonda[80]
Wales Josh Yorwerth[81]

Those in bold have been capped at full international level.

Personnel

[edit]

As of 30 January 2023[82]

  • Head of Academy
    • Gavin Chesterfield
  • Academy operations manager
    • Gavin Reen
  • Under 21s Manager
  • Under 18s Manager
    • Tom Hutton
  • Head of Coaching
    • Dane Facey
  • Lead Youth Development Coach
    • Ben Adams
  • Lead foundation coach
    • Lawrence Hallett
  • Head of Education
    • Olivia Linton

Under-21 squad

[edit]

The Under-21 development team compete in the Professional Development League 2. Players with squad numbers have appeared in or are part of the senior squad but regularly return to play for the under-21 team.

As of 30 August 2024[83]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
24 MF Wales WAL Eli King (on loan to Stevenage)
25 MF Wales WAL Kieron Evans (on loan to Newport County)
31 DF England ENG Malachi Fagan-Walcott (on loan to York City)
34 MF Wales WAL Joel Colwill (on loan to Cheltenham Town)
36 MF England ENG Raheem Conte (on loan to Woking)
37 DF Wales WAL Tom Davies
42 GK Wales WAL Jake Dennis
43 MF United States USA Adeteye Gbadehan
44 DF Wales WAL Ronan Kpakio
45 FW Wales WAL Cian Ashford
46 FW England ENG Michael Reindorf
48 DF Wales WAL Dylan Lawlor
49 DF Wales WAL Luey Giles
50 FW Wales WAL Isaac Jefferies
51 MF Wales WAL Dakarai Mafico
52 MF Wales WAL Cody Twose
No. Pos. Nation Player
53 FW Wales WAL Tanatswa Nyakuhwa
54 FW Wales WAL Morgan Wigley
— GK Wales WAL Luke Armstrong
— GK Wales WAL Joe Thomas
— GK Wales WAL Ewan Griffiths (on loan to Plymouth Parkway)
— DF England ENG Freddie Cook
— DF Wales WAL Josh Beecher (on loan to Barry Town United)
— DF Wales WAL Will Spiers
— MF Wales WAL Troy Perrett
— MF Wales WAL Trey George
— FW Wales WAL Cole Fleming
— FW England ENG Baylin Johnson
— FW Republic of Ireland IRL Luke Pearce

Under 18s

[edit]

The under-18s team play in Division 2 South of the Professional Development League.

As of 30 August 2024[84]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— GK Wales WAL Sam Jones
— GK Wales WAL Daniel Higgs
— DF Wales WAL Callum Jones
— DF Wales WAL Alyas Debono
— DF Wales WAL Joseff Edwards
— DF Wales WAL Jac Thomas
— DF Wales WAL Ollie Walsh
— DF Wales WAL Noah Williams
— DF Wales WAL T-Jay Parfitt
— MF Wales WAL Cody Williams
No. Pos. Nation Player
— MF Wales WAL Jake Davies
— MF Wales WAL Osian Rees
— MF Wales WAL Lennon Talbot
— MF Wales WAL Harry Watts
— MF Wales WAL Jacob Hobson
— MF Wales WAL Hayden Allmark
— FW Wales WAL Daniel Ola
— FW Wales WAL Mannie Barton
— FW Wales WAL Leeyon Phelan
— FW Wales WAL Riley Hilaire-Clarke

References

[edit]

Specific

  1. ^ Lloyd 1999, p. 129
  2. ^ Lloyd 1999, pp. 134–135
  3. ^ Shepherd, Richard (19 March 2013). "1920–1947 Greats Days, Lows & Recovery". Cardiff City F.C. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  4. ^ Abbandonato, Paul (4 December 2019). "Cardiff City reveal plans to bring through home-grown teen talent and flood Wales team with Bluebirds players". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  5. ^ a b "City quintet pull on the red of Wales". WalesOnline. Media Wales. 9 June 2004. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  6. ^ a b c Phillips, Terry (1 June 2006). "Academy has crucial role to play for City". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  7. ^ a b Tucker, Steve (28 February 2008). "Ardley aiming to provide future Bluebird talent". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  8. ^ Phillips, Terry (18 February 2003). "Bluebirds planning to rub shoulders with Premiership big guns". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  9. ^ "Everton first up for City academy". WalesOnline. Media Wales. 9 July 2004. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  10. ^ "Mourners pay tribute to academy boss Kerr". WalesOnline. Media Wales. 21 June 2006. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  11. ^ "Cardiff name new academy manager". BBC Sport. 24 June 2006. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  12. ^ "Cardiff City 0–2 Barnet". BBC Sport. 22 August 2006. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  13. ^ a b "Jones hails record-breaker Ramsey". BBC Sport. 30 April 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  14. ^ Phillips, Terry (22 August 2007). "Cardiff pair shock exit". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  15. ^ "Football festival to honour former City academy boss". WalesOnline. Media Wales. 28 November 2007. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  16. ^ Evans, Rodri (26 March 2013). "Cardiff City House of Sport secures funds for second phase". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  17. ^ "House of Sport 3: Building the Future". Cardiff City F.C. 5 November 2015. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  18. ^ "House of Sport 3 Opens Its Doors". Cardiff City F.C. 18 January 2016. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  19. ^ Phillips, Terry (9 July 2012). "Cardiff City boss Malky Mackay looks to Bluebirds' academy". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  20. ^ "Cardiff Wear 'Malaysia' With Pride". Cardiff City F.C. Official Website. Cardiff City Football Club. 17 June 2011. Archived from the original on 5 April 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  21. ^ Phillips, Terry (17 May 2012). "Cardiff City bid for place among Youth Academy elite". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  22. ^ Hughes, Simon (9 November 2018). "Double Pass, the Premier League and Manchester City: the challenges that young English footballers face". The Independent. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  23. ^ Phillips, Terry (10 October 2012). "Cardiff City youth boss Neal Ardley takes AFC Wimbledon job". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  24. ^ "Cardiff City: Football Association's Dick Bate lands Academy Manager role". WalesOnline. Media Wales. 2 November 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  25. ^ Rogers, Gareth (9 June 2014). "Cardiff City's backroom reshuffle". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  26. ^ Williams, Glen (10 September 2019). "The power structure at Cardiff City: Who's who and what they actually do". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  27. ^ a b Abbandonato, Paul (23 September 2016). "Cardiff City have one of Wales' brightest young talents snatched away from them by Manchester City". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  28. ^ Vittles, Jack (13 March 2017). "Manchester City starlet Rabbi Matondo cleared to play after being snatched away from Cardiff City". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  29. ^ Vincent, Gareth. "Rabbi Matondo: Schalke 04 winger aims to make Wales proud". BBC Sport. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  30. ^ "Premier League Explains Changes to U23 Programme". Middlesbrough F.C. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  31. ^ Booth, Dominic (6 December 2018). "Cardiff City's youth overhaul analysed, their struggling Under-23s and the teenagers offering real hope for the future". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  32. ^ "Craig Bellamy appointed player development manager". Cardiff City F.C. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  33. ^ James, Ben (18 April 2019). "Cardiff City U18s crowned PDL2 South champions for the first time to offer fresh hope for Bluebirds future". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  34. ^ "Craig Bellamy steps down from Cardiff role pending 'bullying' investigation". The Guardian. 3 January 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  35. ^ Williams, Glen (26 October 2019). "Cardiff City legend Craig Bellamy issues apology after club's bullying investigation". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  36. ^ Williams, Glen (8 November 2019). "Neil Warnock responds to Craig Bellamy's criticism over his refusal to pick young Welsh players for Cardiff City". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  37. ^ Williams, Glen (4 December 2019). "Cardiff City reveal plans to bring through home-grown teen talent and flood Wales team with Bluebirds players". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  38. ^ Williams, Glen (11 February 2020). "Cardiff City announce former Millwall, Leeds United and Wales striker Steve Morison will take over Under-23s". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  39. ^ a b c d "Nottingham Forest 1-2 Cardiff: Rubin Colwill double piles pressure on Forest boss Chris Hughton".
  40. ^ Darcy Blake at Soccerbase
  41. ^ Jonathan Brown at Soccerbase
  42. ^ "Oxford United 1–4 Cardiff City". BBC Sport. 10 August 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  43. ^ Ibrahim Farah at Soccerbase
  44. ^ Chris Gunter at Soccerbase
  45. ^ Mark Harris at Soccerbase
  46. ^ Joe Jacobson at Soccerbase
  47. ^ Tom James at Soccerbase
  48. ^ Nathaniel Jarvis at Soccerbase
  49. ^ Declan John l at Soccerbase
  50. ^ Joe Ledley at Soccerbase
  51. ^ Josh Magennis at Soccerbase
  52. ^ Adam Matthews at Soccerbase
  53. ^ Curtis McDonald at Soccerbase
  54. ^ Aaron Morris at Soccerbase
  55. ^ Ben Nugent at Soccerbase
  56. ^ Adedeji Oshilaja at Soccerbase
  57. ^ Tommy O'Sullivan at Soccerbase
  58. ^ Daniel Parslow at Soccerbase
  59. ^ Joe Ralls at Soccerbase
  60. ^ Aaron Ramsey at Soccerbase
  61. ^ Kevin Sainte-Luce at Soccerbase
  62. ^ Theo Wharton at Soccerbase
  63. ^ James Waite at Soccerbase
  64. ^ Tom Sang at Soccerbase
  65. ^ Aaron Wildig at Soccerbase
  66. ^ Chanka Zimba at Soccerbase
  67. ^ "Defender joins Owls Under-23 squad". Sheffield Wednesday F.C. 22 January 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  68. ^ Phillips, Terry (15 February 2013). "Former Bluebirds trainee Wes Burns in Bristol City line-up". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  69. ^ Greco, John (25 July 2019). "Fowler adds Welsh whiz to his Roar squad". a-league.com. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  70. ^ "Andrew Hughes". 11v11.com. AFS Enterprises. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  71. ^ Hassan, Nabil (17 January 2016). "Tom Lockyer: Bristol Rovers defender on relegation & promotion". BBC Sport. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  72. ^ "Cardiff teen Jonathan Meades heads to Norway on loan". BBC Sport. 19 August 2010. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
  73. ^ Phillips, Terry (20 May 2015). "Cardiff City's 20 best players under 20: The hottest young talent the Bluebirds fans should keep an eye out for". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  74. ^ Phillips, Rob (26 February 2016). "Regan Poole: Cardiff 'wrong' to release Man Utd defender, says Slade". BBC Sport. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  75. ^ "Bluebirds sign Cardiff keeper on loan". Gazette & Herald. Gazette & Herald. 28 February 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  76. ^ "Cavalry FC Unveils Coaching Staff". Cavalry FC. Archived from the original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  77. ^ "Macaulay Southam-Hales: Welsh full-back joins Fleetwood Town from Barry". BBC Sport. 3 February 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  78. ^ Williams, Glen (18 September 2020). "Premier League side Crystal Palace sign promising Welsh youngster after being released by Cardiff City". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  79. ^ "Ben Swallow Returns". Merthyr Town F.C. 4 July 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  80. ^ Pearlman, Michael (20 February 2015). "Cardiff City's David Tutonda hoping for bright future with Newport County". South Wales Argus. Newport. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  81. ^ Brammer, Chris (4 September 2015). "Defender Josh Yorwerth is no stranger to finding himself a temporary home". Ipswich Star. Retrieved 24 February 2020.[permanent dead link‍]
  82. ^ "Academy". Cardiff City F.C. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  83. ^ "U23 squad". Cardiff City F.C. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  84. ^ "U18 squad". Cardiff City F.C. Retrieved 21 February 2020.

Bibliography

  • Lloyd, Grahame (1999), C'mon City! A Hundred Years of the Bluebirds, Seren, ISBN 1854112716

51°28′16″N 3°12′02″W / 51.471°N 3.2006°W / 51.471; -3.2006

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