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Canasapura

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Canasapura
7th century–970
CapitalMuang Sema [fr]
Religion
Buddhism, Hinduism
GovernmentMonarchy
Historical era7th-10th century
• Established
7th century
• Disestablished
970
Today part ofThailand
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Prehistory
Spirit Cave 9000 BCE–5500 BCE
Ban Chiang 2,100 BCE–200 CE
Initial states
Suvarnabhumi Legendary
Singhanavati 691 BCE–638 CE
Raktamaritika 200 BCE–700 CE
Tun Sun 52 CE–600 CE
Tambralinga 100 CE–1277 CE
Langkasuka 100 CE–1500 CE
Pan Pan 300 CE–700 CE
Lavo 468 CE–1388 CE
Dvaravati 500 CE–1200 CE
Wen Dan 600 CE–800 CE
Haripuñjaya 629 CE–1292 CE
Ngoenyang 638 CE–1292 CE
Srivijaya 671 CE–1025 CE
Canasapura 790 CE–974 CE
Regional kingdoms
Phayao 1094–1338
Nakhon Si Thammarat 1278–1782
Lan Na 1292–1775
Pattani 1457–1902
Singora 1605–1680
Satun 1808–1916
Reman1810–1902
Main history
Sukhothai Kingdom 1238–1438
Ayutthaya Kingdom 1351–1767
Thonburi Kingdom 1767–1782
Rattanakosin Kingdom 1782–present
1782–1932
1932–1973
1973–2001
2001–present
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Canasapura or Canāśa, Śri Canāśa (Thai: จนาศปุระ, จานาศปุระ, ศรีจนาศะ,[1] Chinese: 迦羅舍) is an ancient kingdom located in the upper valley of the Mun River, in present-day Isan, the northeastern region of Thailand.[2][3] The kingdom was mentioned in the No. 118 Bô Ika inscription (K. 400), founded in Muang Sema [fr], Nakhon Ratchasima Province, dated to c. 790 CE,[4] and also in the No. 117 Śri Canāśa inscription, founded in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya.[5]

History

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The kingdom was mentioned in inscription K. 400 (IC VI, pp. 83–85), which was transcribed into English as:[6]

Twenty female buffalos with pendant udders (lambastanyaḥ) and having baby calves, and fifty milch cows, heavy with the burden of their udders, followed by their well-nourished calves, ten female and male slaves, happy in their minds, and four elephants were given to the [Buddhist] community by the king of Canāśa, whose mind was fixed upon awakening.

An inscription in Sanskrit and Khmer, found in Ayutthaya in 1939, dated 937 A.D., mentions four rulers of Sri Canasa, starting with the first king named Bhagadatta (Thai: ภคทัตต์, RTGS: Phakkhathat), followed by Sri Sundaraprakrama (ศรีสุนทรปรากรม, Si Sunthra Prakom), who had a son named Sri Sundararavarman (ศรีสุนทรวรมัน, Si Sunthra Woraman) and King Sri Sundararavarman had 2 sons, the elder named Narapatisimhavarman (ศรีนรปติสิงหวรมัน, Si Naruepati Singha Woraman) who later ascended the throne of the Sri Canasa kingdom. His younger brother, Mangalavarman (มงคลวรมัน, Mongkhon Woraman), created this inscription to celebrate the creation of the image of the queen mother, the wife of Lord Shiva, in 859 CE.[5]

The time of the establishment of Sri Canasa is still unknown. It probably existed parallel to the Dvaravati culture of the Mon in what is now central Thailand. According to the inscriptions of Bo Ika and Sri Canasa written in Khmer, it must have been located on the periphery of the sphere of influence of Dvaravati, a network of city-states in the Chao Phraya Plain. According to these texts, both Hinduism and Buddhism were practiced in the community.[7]

After the reign of Narapatisimhavarman, Sri Canasa has disappeared from history. It is possible that it was merged with the Khmer Empire during the reign of King Jayavarman V, according to the inscription of the ancient city of Sema (dated c. 970 CE), which mentions the name of Driḍhabhakti Simhavarman (ทฤฒภักดี สิงหวรมัน, Thritthaphakdi Singha Woraman), which is assumed to be the new royal name of Narapatisimhavarman, whose role was reduced.[8]

References

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  1. ^ Songtham Pansakun (2011). "A Study of Place in Khmer Kingdom" (PDF) (in Thai). Silpakorn University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  2. ^ Higham: Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations. 2004, S. 63.
  3. ^ Goodall & Revire 2023, p. 292.
  4. ^ "จารึกบ่ออีกา" (in Thai). Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre. 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  5. ^ a b "จารึกศรีจานาศะ" (in Thai). Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre. 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  6. ^ Goodall & Revire 2023, p. 283.
  7. ^ Dhida Saraya: (Sri) Dvaravati. The Initial Phase of Siam’s History. Muang Boran Publishing, Bangkok 1999. Zitiert nach Dougald J.W. O'Reilly: Early Civilizations of Southeast Asia. AltaMira Press, Lanham MD/Plymouth 2007, S. 82.
  8. ^ "จารึกเมืองเสมา" (in Thai). Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre. 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.

Bibliography

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