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Since confederation in 1867 through to the contemporary era, decadal and demi-decadal census reports in Canada have compiled detailed immigration statistics. During this period, the highest annual immigration rate in Canada occurred in 1913, when 400,900 new immigrants accounted for 5.3 percent of the total population,[1][2] while the greatest number of immigrants admitted to Canada in single year occurred in 2023, with 471,550 persons accounting for 1.2 percent of the total population.[3][4][5][6]

In a linear timeline following initial British and French colonization, what is now Canada has seen four major waves (or peaks) of immigration and settlement of non-Indigenous Peoples take place over a span of nearly two centuries. Canada is currently undergoing its fifth wave.

Annual immigration and rate

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Since confederation in 1867, the highest annual immigration rate in Canada occurred during the early 20th century, including 1913 (new immigrants accounted for 5.3 percent of the total population), 1912 (5.1 percent), 1911 (4.6 percent), 1907 (4.3 percent) and 1910 (4.1 percent).[2][1] At this time, immigration from the British Isles increased, supplemented by a rapid increase in immigration flows from continental Europe, especially Germany, Scandinavia, and the Soviet Union.

Sources of immigration

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Canada receives its immigrant population from almost every country in the world. Statistics Canada projects that immigrants will represent between 29.1% and 34.0% of Canada's population in 2041, compared with 23.0% in 2021,[10] while the Canadian population with at least one foreign born parent (first and second generation persons) could rise to between 49.8% and 54.3%, up from 44.0% in 2021.[11][12][13] The number of visible ethno-cultural composition of population will double and make up the minority of the population of cities in Canada.[14]

2021 census

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The 2021 census reported that immigrants comprised 8,361,505 individuals or 23.0 percent of the total Canadian population. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were India (898,045 persons or 10.7%), Philippines (719,580 persons or 8.6%), China (715,835 persons or 8.6%), United Kingdom (464,135 persons or 5.6%), United States (256,085 persons or 3.1%), Pakistan (234,110 persons or 2.8%), Hong Kong (213,855 persons or 2.6%), Italy (204,065 persons or 2.4%), Iran (182,940 persons or 2.2%), and Vietnam (182,095 persons or 2.2%).[15][16][10]

Total immigrant population by country of birth, 2021 Canadian census[15][16][10]
Immigrant refers to all those who hold or have ever held permanent resident status in Canada, including naturalized citizens.
Rank Country of birth Immigrant
population 		Proportion of immigrants in Canada Proportion of Canadian population Notes
— Canada 8,361,505 100% 23.02% —
1 India 898,050 10.74% 2.47%
2 Philippines 719,575 8.61% 1.98%
3 China 715,830 8.56% 1.97% Officially the People's Republic of China.
Excludes Hong Kong and Macau (included in this table below).
4 United Kingdom 464,140 5.55% 1.28% Officially the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland. Excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands, and British Overseas Territories.
5 United States 256,090 3.06% 0.7%
6 Pakistan 234,105 2.8% 0.64%
7 Hong Kong 213,855 2.56% 0.59% Officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
8 Italy 204,065 2.44% 0.56%
9 Iran 182,940 2.19% 0.5%
10 Vietnam 182,090 2.18% 0.5% Many from the former Republic of Vietnam
11 Jamaica 145,355 1.74% 0.4%
12 Korea, South 138,350 1.65% 0.38% Officially the Republic of Korea.
13 Sri Lanka 136,240 1.63% 0.38%
14 Poland 135,030 1.61% 0.37%
15 Portugal 128,800 1.54% 0.35%
16 Germany 126,475 1.51% 0.35%
17 France 121,525 1.45% 0.33%
18 Haiti 99,940 1.2% 0.28%
19 Syria 97,590 1.17% 0.27%
20 Lebanon 95,725 1.14% 0.26%
21 Mexico 90,585 1.08% 0.25%
22 Romania 86,765 1.04% 0.24%
23 Guyana 85,530 1.02% 0.24%
24 Iraq 84,125 1.01% 0.23%
25 Russia 81,840 0.98% 0.23%
26 Morocco 81,775 0.98% 0.23%
27 Nigeria 81,290 0.97% 0.22%
28 Ukraine 81,135 0.97% 0.22%
29 Colombia 80,570 0.96% 0.22%
30 Algeria 79,665 0.95% 0.22%
31 Netherlands 75,830 0.91% 0.21%
32 Egypt 73,705 0.88% 0.2%
33 Bangladesh 70,090 0.84% 0.19%
34 Taiwan 65,360 0.78% 0.18%
35 Trinidad and Tobago 65,040 0.78% 0.18%
36 Afghanistan 62,455 0.75% 0.17%
37 Greece 54,715 0.65% 0.15%
38 South Africa 51,590 0.62% 0.14%
39 El Salvador 49,445 0.59% 0.14%
40 Brazil 48,450 0.58% 0.13%
41 Ethiopia 41,715 0.5% 0.11%
42 Croatia 36,680 0.44% 0.1%
43 Bosnia and Herzegovina 35,925 0.43% 0.1%
44 Turkey 35,270 0.42% 0.1%
45 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 33,115 0.4% 0.09%
46 Somalia 32,500 0.39% 0.09%
47 Serbia 31,925 0.38% 0.09% Excludes Kosovo.
48 Peru 31,415 0.38% 0.09%
49 Hungary 31,045 0.37% 0.09%
50 Japan 30,875 0.37% 0.08%
51 Saudi Arabia 29,585 0.35% 0.08%
52 United Arab Emirates 29,405 0.35% 0.08%
53 Israel 29,395 0.35% 0.08%
54 Ireland 29,300 0.35% 0.08% Also known as the Republic of Ireland
55 Kenya 29,230 0.35% 0.08%
56 Cameroon 28,755 0.34% 0.08%
57 Chile 27,755 0.33% 0.08%
58 Venezuela 27,315 0.33% 0.08%
59 Ghana 25,755 0.31% 0.07%
60 Australia 25,200 0.3% 0.07% Includes Norfolk Island.
61 Malaysia 25,060 0.3% 0.07%
62 Fiji 24,715 0.3% 0.07%
63 Tunisia 24,425 0.29% 0.07%
64 Cambodia 23,070 0.28% 0.06%
65 Tanzania 21,595 0.26% 0.06%
66 Moldova 20,070 0.24% 0.06%
67 Cuba 19,545 0.23% 0.05%
68 Czech Republic 19,545 0.23% 0.05%
69 Argentina 19,530 0.23% 0.05%
70 Nepal 19,375 0.23% 0.05%
71 Bulgaria 19,170 0.23% 0.05%
72 Ivory Coast 18,860 0.23% 0.05%
73 Belgium 18,655 0.22% 0.05%
74 Switzerland 18,190 0.22% 0.05%
75 Mauritius 18,140 0.22% 0.05%
76 Guatemala 18,030 0.22% 0.05%
77 Albania 17,825 0.21% 0.05%
78 Kuwait 17,655 0.21% 0.05%
79 Jordan 17,525 0.21% 0.05%
80 Thailand 17,415 0.21% 0.05%
81 Ecuador 16,320 0.2% 0.04%
82 Indonesia 16,025 0.19% 0.04%
83 Sudan 16,025 0.19% 0.04%
84 Uganda 15,120 0.18% 0.04%
85 Kazakhstan 13,965 0.17% 0.04%
86 Laos 13,955 0.17% 0.04%
87 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13,935 0.17% 0.04%
88 Austria 13,835 0.17% 0.04%
89 Barbados 13,665 0.16% 0.04%
90 Dominican Republic 13,360 0.16% 0.04%
91 Burundi 13,050 0.16% 0.04%
92 Slovakia 12,955 0.15% 0.04%
93 Singapore 12,560 0.15% 0.03%
94 Belarus 12,190 0.15% 0.03%
95 Zimbabwe 12,050 0.14% 0.03%
96 Spain 11,510 0.14% 0.03%
97 Denmark 11,000 0.13% 0.03%
98 Nicaragua 10,730 0.13% 0.03%
99 New Zealand 10,675 0.13% 0.03%
100 North Macedonia 10,195 0.12% 0.03%
101 Senegal 10,045 0.12% 0.03%
102 Grenada 9,895 0.12% 0.03%
103 Myanmar 9,230 0.11% 0.03%
104 Honduras 8,980 0.11% 0.02%
105 Palestine (West Bank and Gaza Strip) 8,960 0.11% 0.02% Recorded as "West Bank and Gaza Strip (Palestine)", since "Palestine" refers to pre-1948 British mandate Palestine.
West Bank and Gaza Strip are the territories referred to in the Oslo I Accord, signed by Israel and the PLO in 1993.
106 Kosovo 8,445 0.1% 0.02%
107 Finland 8,420 0.1% 0.02%
108 Libya 8,300 0.1% 0.02%
109 Rwanda 7,950 0.1% 0.02%
110 Uzbekistan 7,075 0.08% 0.02%
111 Slovenia 6,935 0.08% 0.02%
112 Saint Lucia 6,730 0.08% 0.02%
113 Sweden 6,680 0.08% 0.02%
114 Uruguay 6,435 0.08% 0.02%
115 Malta 6,305 0.08% 0.02%
116 Guinea 6,205 0.07% 0.02%
117 Paraguay 6,080 0.07% 0.02%
118 South Sudan 5,995 0.07% 0.02%
119 Macao 5,320 0.06% 0.01%
120 Azerbaijan 5,205 0.06% 0.01%
121 Latvia 5,075 0.06% 0.01%
122 Armenia 5,065 0.06% 0.01%
123 Lithuania 4,930 0.06% 0.01%
124 Togo 4,885 0.06% 0.01%
125 Yemen 4,695 0.06% 0.01%
126 Costa Rica 4,655 0.06% 0.01%
127 Brunei Darussalam 4,525 0.05% 0.01%
128 Madagascar 4,295 0.05% 0.01%
129 Qatar 4,110 0.05% 0.01%
130 Cyprus 4,105 0.05% 0.01%
131 Bhutan 3,990 0.05% 0.01%
132 Kyrgyzstan 3,940 0.05% 0.01%
133 Benin 3,885 0.05% 0.01%
134 Norway 3,850 0.05% 0.01%
135 Bolivia 3,840 0.05% 0.01%
136 Angola 3,510 0.04% 0.01%
137 Zambia 3,475 0.04% 0.01%
138 Georgia 3,305 0.04% 0.01%
139 Djibouti 3,245 0.04% 0.01%
140 Sierra Leone 3,120 0.04% 0.01%
141 Congo, Republic of the 3,070 0.04% 0.01%
142 Burkina Faso 2,935 0.04% 0.01%
143 Dominica 2,900 0.03% 0.01%
144 Mali 2,835 0.03% 0.01%
145 Bahrain 2,810 0.03% 0.01%
146 Panama 2,805 0.03% 0.01%
147 Liberia 2,645 0.03% 0.01%
148 Estonia 2,600 0.03% 0.01%
149 Antigua and Barbuda 2,435 0.03% 0.01%
150 Oman 2,240 0.03% 0.01%
— Total immigrants 8,361,505 100% 23.02% —

2016 census

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The 2016 census reported that immigrants comprised 7,540,830 individuals or 21.9 percent of the total Canadian population. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were India (668,565 persons or 8.9%), China (649,260 persons or 8.6%), Philippines (588,305 persons or 7.8%), United Kingdom (499,120 persons or 6.6%), United States (253,715 persons or 3.4%), Italy (236,635 persons or 3.1%), Hong Kong (208,935 persons or 2.8%), Pakistan (202,255 persons or 2.7%), Vietnam (169,250 persons or 2.2%), and Iran (154,420 persons or 2.1%).

Total immigrant population by country of birth, 2016 Canadian census[17]
Immigrant refers to all those who hold or have ever held permanent resident status in Canada, including naturalized citizens.
Rank Country of birth Immigrant
population 		Proportion of immigrants in Canada Proportion of Canadian population Notes
N/A Canada 7,540,830 N/A 21.88%
1 India 668,565 8.87% 1.94%
2 China 649,260 8.61% 1.88% Officially the People's Republic of China.
Excludes Hong Kong and Macau (included in this table below).
3 Philippines 588,305 7.8% 1.71%
4 United Kingdom 499,120 6.62% 1.45% Officially the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland. Excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands, and British Overseas Territories.
5 United States 253,715 3.36% 0.74%
6 Italy 236,635 3.14% 0.69%
7 Hong Kong 208,935 2.77% 0.61% Officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
8 Pakistan 202,255 2.68% 0.59%
9 Vietnam 169,250 2.24% 0.49% Many from the former Republic of Vietnam
10 Iran 154,420 2.05% 0.45%
11 Poland 146,470 1.94% 0.43%
12 Germany 145,840 1.93% 0.42%
13 Portugal 139,450 1.85% 0.4%
14 Jamaica 138,345 1.83% 0.4%
15 Sri Lanka 131,995 1.75% 0.38%
16 Korea, South 123,305 1.64% 0.36% Officially the Republic of Korea.
17 France 105,570 1.4% 0.31%
18 Haiti 93,485 1.24% 0.27%
19 Romania 90,310 1.2% 0.26%
20 Lebanon 88,740 1.18% 0.26%
21 Netherlands 88,475 1.17% 0.26%
22 Guyana 87,680 1.16% 0.25%
23 Mexico 80,590 1.07% 0.23%
24 Russia 78,685 1.04% 0.23%
25 Ukraine 73,030 0.97% 0.21%
26 Colombia 70,040 0.93% 0.2%
27 Morocco 69,655 0.92% 0.2%
28 Iraq 68,490 0.91% 0.2%
29 Trinidad and Tobago 65,035 0.86% 0.19%
30 Algeria 64,625 0.86% 0.19%
31 Egypt 64,620 0.86% 0.19%
32 Taiwan 63,770 0.85% 0.19%
33 Greece 62,715 0.83% 0.18%
34 Bangladesh 58,735 0.78% 0.17%
35 Syria 52,955 0.7% 0.15%
36 Afghanistan 51,960 0.69% 0.15%
37 El Salvador 48,075 0.64% 0.14%
38 South Africa 44,660 0.59% 0.13%
39 Nigeria 42,430 0.56% 0.12%
40 Croatia 40,040 0.53% 0.12%
41 Hungary 36,825 0.49% 0.11%
42 Bosnia and Herzegovina 36,135 0.48% 0.1%
43 Serbia 33,320 0.44% 0.1% Excludes Kosovo.
44 Ethiopia 32,790 0.43% 0.1%
45 Peru 29,615 0.39% 0.09%
46 Brazil 29,315 0.39% 0.09%
47 Ireland 28,320 0.38% 0.08% Also known as the Republic of Ireland
48 Japan 27,245 0.36% 0.08%
49 Somalia 27,230 0.36% 0.08%
50 Kenya 27,150 0.36% 0.08%
51 Israel 26,735 0.35% 0.08%
52 Turkey 26,710 0.35% 0.08%
53 Chile 26,705 0.35% 0.08%
54 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 25,655 0.34% 0.07%
55 Fiji 24,660 0.33% 0.07%
56 Malaysia 23,785 0.32% 0.07%
57 Cambodia 23,320 0.31% 0.07%
58 Ghana 22,910 0.3% 0.07%
59 Australia 21,115 0.28% 0.06% Includes Norfolk Island.
60 Czech Republic 21,065 0.28% 0.06%
61 United Arab Emirates 20,990 0.28% 0.06%
62 Venezuela 20,775 0.28% 0.06%
63 Tanzania 20,600 0.27% 0.06%
64 Saudi Arabia 20,080 0.27% 0.06%
65 Argentina 19,430 0.26% 0.06%
66 Switzerland 19,040 0.25% 0.06%
67 Belgium 18,935 0.25% 0.05%
68 Bulgaria 18,635 0.25% 0.05%
69 Cameroon 18,570 0.25% 0.05%
70 Cuba 17,850 0.24% 0.05%
71 Moldova 17,605 0.23% 0.05%
72 Tunisia 17,435 0.23% 0.05%
73 Guatemala 17,275 0.23% 0.05%
74 Mauritius 15,900 0.21% 0.05%
75 Austria 15,845 0.21% 0.05%
76 Albania 15,365 0.2% 0.04%
77 Kuwait 15,235 0.2% 0.04%
78 Thailand 15,075 0.2% 0.04%
79 Eritrea 15,010 0.2% 0.04%
80 Ecuador 14,965 0.2% 0.04%
81 Laos 14,475 0.19% 0.04%
82 Slovakia 14,410 0.19% 0.04%
83 Nepal 14,390 0.19% 0.04%
84 Indonesia 14,280 0.19% 0.04%
85 Barbados 14,095 0.19% 0.04%
86 Jordan 13,295 0.18% 0.04%
87 Uganda 13,210 0.18% 0.04%
88 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 12,945 0.17% 0.04%
89 Denmark 12,515 0.17% 0.04%
90 Kazakhstan 12,450 0.17% 0.04%
91 Singapore 11,820 0.16% 0.03%
92 Ivory Coast 11,325 0.15% 0.03% Also known as Côte d'Ivoire.
93 Belarus 11,190 0.15% 0.03%
94 Sudan 10,820 0.14% 0.03%
95 Spain 10,700 0.14% 0.03%
96 Dominican Republic 10,605 0.14% 0.03%
97 Zimbabwe 10,495 0.14% 0.03%
98 Macedonia 10,300 0.14% 0.03% Officially the Republic of North Macedonia.
Also known as the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia by the United Nations and other international bodies.
99 Grenada 10,265 0.14% 0.03%
100 New Zealand 9,880 0.13% 0.03% Includes Niue and Tokelau.
101 Nicaragua 9,865 0.13% 0.03%
102 Finland 9,525 0.13% 0.03%
103 Burundi 8,470 0.11% 0.02%
104 Myanmar 8,215 0.11% 0.02% Also known as Burma.
105 Slovenia 8,210 0.11% 0.02%
106 Palestine, West Bank and Gaza Strip 8,210 0.11% 0.02% Recorded as "West Bank and Gaza Strip (Palestine)", since "Palestine" refers to pre-1948 British mandate Palestine.
West Bank and Gaza Strip are the territories referred to in the Oslo I Accord, signed by Israel and the PLO in 1993.
107 Honduras 7,790 0.1% 0.02%
108 Kosovo 7,610 0.1% 0.02%
109 Senegal 7,515 0.1% 0.02%
110 Malta 7,465 0.1% 0.02%
111 Paraguay 7,305 0.1% 0.02%
112 Sweden 6,630 0.09% 0.02%
113 Uruguay 6,535 0.09% 0.02%
114 Uzbekistan 6,385 0.08% 0.02%
115 Libya 6,300 0.08% 0.02%
116 Rwanda 6,105 0.08% 0.02%
117 St. Lucia 6,100 0.08% 0.02%
118 Latvia 5,875 0.08% 0.02%
119 Macau 5,750 0.08% 0.02% Officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of China.
120 South Sudan 5,540 0.07% 0.02%
121 Guinea 5,190 0.07% 0.02%
122 Lithuania 4,980 0.07% 0.01%
123 Brunei 4,485 0.06% 0.01%
124 Bolivia 4,400 0.06% 0.01%
125 Bhutan 4,250 0.06% 0.01%
126 Armenia 4,165 0.06% 0.01%
127 Cyprus 4,020 0.05% 0.01%
128 Costa Rica 3,950 0.05% 0.01%
129 Norway 3,885 0.05% 0.01%
130 Azerbaijan 3,845 0.05% 0.01%
131 Zambia 3,715 0.05% 0.01%
132 Madagascar 3,555 0.05% 0.01%
133 Togo 3,350 0.04% 0.01%
134 Estonia 3,200 0.04% 0.01%
135 Angola 3,120 0.04% 0.01%
136 Sierra Leone 3,040 0.04% 0.01%
137 Kyrgyzstan 2,980 0.04% 0.01%
138 Yemen 2,960 0.04% 0.01%
139 Dominica 2,775 0.04% 0.01%
140 Benin 2,760 0.04% 0.01%
141 Panama 2,620 0.03% 0.01%
142 Georgia 2,570 0.03% 0.01%
143 Qatar 2,485 0.03% 0.01%
144 Liberia 2,480 0.03% 0.01%
145 Congo, Republic of the 2,460 0.03% 0.01%
146 Bahrain 2,390 0.03% 0.01%
147 Antigua and Barbuda 2,310 0.03% 0.01%
148 Djibouti 2,235 0.03% 0.01%
149 St. Kitts and Nevis 2,105 0.03% 0.01%
150 Mali 2,095 0.03% 0.01%
151 Belize 1,995 0.03% 0.01%
152 Burkina Faso 1,980 0.03% 0.01%
153 Montenegro 1,865 0.02% 0.01%
154 Bermuda 1,845 0.02% 0.01%
155 Bahamas 1,635 0.02% 0%
156 Chad 1,595 0.02% 0%
157 Oman 1,540 0.02% 0%
158 Mongolia 1,420 0.02% 0%
159 Tajikistan 1,310 0.02% 0%
160 Mozambique 1,255 0.02% 0%
161 Gabon 1,080 0.01% 0%
162 Central African Republic 1,055 0.01% 0%
163 Suriname 1,050 0.01% 0%
164 Namibia 1,035 0.01% 0%
164 Others 1,035 0.01% 0% Includes a small number of immigrants who were born in Canada, as well as other places of birth not included elsewhere (e.g. 'born at sea').
164 Seychelles 1,035 0.01% 0%
167 Niger 1,030 0.01% 0%
168 Mauritania 905 0.01% 0%
169 Botswana 850 0.01% 0%
170 North Korea 780 0.01% 0% Officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
171 Luxembourg 675 0.01% 0%
172 Malawi 670 0.01% 0%
173 Gambia 665 0.01% 0%
174 Martinique 640 0.01% 0%
175 Montserrat 610 0.01% 0%
176 Iceland 590 0.01% 0%
177 Aruba 580 0.01% 0%
178 Guadeloupe 515 0.01% 0%
179 Puerto Rico 505 0.01% 0%
180 Turkmenistan 500 0.01% 0%
181 Curaçao 470 0.01% 0%
182 Isle of Man 415 0.01% 0%
183 Eswatini 400 0.01% 0%
184 Jersey 360 0% 0%
185 Réunion 295 0% 0%
186 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 290 0% 0%
187 French Guiana 280 0% 0%
188 Cayman Islands 270 0% 0%
189 Papua New Guinea 235 0% 0%
190 New Caledonia 220 0% 0%
191 Guernsey 195 0% 0%
192 French Polynesia 185 0% 0%
192 Sint Maarten 185 0% 0% Part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
194 Cape Verde 170 0% 0%
195 Gibraltar 160 0% 0%
196 Samoa 155 0% 0%
197 Comoros 140 0% 0%
197 Tonga 140 0% 0%
199 Northern Mariana Islands 120 0% 0%
200 Guinea-Bissau 110 0% 0%
200 Monaco 110 0% 0%
202 Lesotho 105 0% 0%
203 Virgin Islands, United States 90 0% 0%
204 Virgin Islands, British 85 0% 0%
205 Liechtenstein 65 0% 0%
206 Anguilla 60 0% 0%
206 Equatorial Guinea 60 0% 0%
206 Turks and Caicos Islands 60 0% 0%
209 Greenland 55 0% 0%
210 Maldives 50 0% 0%
211 Solomon Islands 40 0% 0%
212 Faroe Islands 35 0% 0%
213 Guam 30 0% 0%
213 Palau 30 0% 0%
213 Vanuatu 30 0% 0%
216 Bonaire 25 0% 0%
216 Nauru 25 0% 0%
216 São Tomé and Príncipe 25 0% 0%
216 East Timor 25 0% 0% Also known as Timor-Leste.
220 Andorra 20 0% 0%
220 Kiribati 20 0% 0%
220 Marshall Islands 20 0% 0%
223 Falkland Islands 10 0% 0%
223 Micronesia, Federated States of 10 0% 0%
223 Saint Barthélemy 10 0% 0%
223 St. Helena 10 0% 0% Officially Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.
223 Wallis and Futuna 10 0% 0%
223 Åland Islands 10 0% 0%
Total immigrants 7,540,830 100% 21.88%

2011 census

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The 2011 census reported that immigrants comprised 6,775,765 individuals or 20.6 percent of the total Canadian population. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were India (547,890 persons or 8.1 percent), China (545,535 5persons or 8.1 percent), United Kingdom (537,040 persons or 7.9 percent), Philippines (454,340 persons or 6.7 percent), United States (263,475 persons or 3.9 percent), Italy (256,825 persons or 3.8 percent), Hong Kong (205,430 persons or 3.0 percent), Vietnam (165,125 persons or 2.5 percent), Pakistan (156,860 persons or 2.3 percent), and Germany (152,345 persons or 2.3 percent).[18][19][20]

Total immigrant population by country of birth, 2011 Canadian census[18][19][20]
Immigrant refers to all those who hold or have ever held permanent resident status in Canada, including naturalized citizens.
Rank Country of birth Immigrant population Portion of immigrants in Canada Portion of Canadian population Notes
N/A Canada 6,775,765 N/A 20.62%
1 India 547,890 8.09% 1.67%
2 China 545,535 8.05% 1.66% Officially the People's Republic of China.
Excludes Hong Kong and Macau (included in this table below).
3 United Kingdom 537,040 7.93% 1.63% Officially the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland. Excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands, and British Overseas Territories.
4 Philippines 454,340 6.71% 1.38%
5 United States 263,475 3.89% 0.8%
6 Italy 256,825 3.79% 0.78%
7 Hong Kong 205,430 3.03% 0.63% Officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
8 Vietnam 165,125 2.44% 0.5% Many from the former Republic of Vietnam
9 Pakistan 156,860 2.32% 0.48%
10 Germany 152,345 2.25% 0.46%
11 Poland 152,290 2.25% 0.46%
12 Portugal 138,520 2.04% 0.42%
13 Sri Lanka 132,130 1.95% 0.4%
14 Jamaica 126,035 1.86% 0.38%
15 Iran 120,685 1.78% 0.37%
16 Korea, South 112,400 1.66% 0.34% Officially the Republic of Korea.
17 Netherlands 98,510 1.45% 0.3%
18 France 90,440 1.33% 0.28%
19 Guyana 87,945 1.3% 0.27%
20 Haiti 80,100 1.18% 0.24%
21 Mexico 69,695 1.03% 0.21%
22 Romania 82,595 1.22% 0.25%
23 Lebanon 81,105 1.2% 0.25%
24 Russia 73,030 1.08% 0.22%
25 Trinidad and Tobago 67,205 0.99% 0.2%
26 Taiwan 66,455 0.98% 0.2%
27 Greece 66,475 0.98% 0.2%
28 Ukraine 65,455 0.97% 0.2%
29 Colombia 60,555 0.89% 0.18%
30 Morocco 56,275 0.83% 0.17%
31 Algeria 51,085 0.75% 0.16%
32 Egypt 49,935 0.74% 0.15%
33 Iraq 49,515 0.73% 0.15%
34 Bangladesh 45,320 0.67% 0.14%
35 El Salvador 43,655 0.64% 0.13%
36 South Africa 40,550 0.6% 0.12%
37 Afghanistan 40,945 0.6% 0.12%
38 Croatia 40,010 0.59% 0.12%
29 Hungary 38,985 0.58% 0.12%
40 Bosnia and Herzegovina 35,885 0.53% 0.11%
41 Serbia 32,600 0.48% 0.1% Excludes Kosovo.
42 Nigeria 27,625 0.41% 0.08%
43 Ireland 28,040 0.41% 0.09% Also known as the Republic of Ireland
44 Peru 26,715 0.39% 0.08%
45 Japan 25,805 0.38% 0.08%
46 Brazil 24,660 0.36% 0.08%
47 Ethiopia 24,535 0.36% 0.07%
48 Kenya 24,510 0.36% 0.07%
49 Somalia 22,800 0.34% 0.07%
50 Syria 22,725 0.34% 0.07%
Total immigrants 6,775,765 100% 20.62%

2006 census

[edit]

The 2006 census reported that immigrants comprised 6,186,950 individuals or 19.8 percent of the total Canadian population. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were United Kingdom (579,620 persons or 9.4%), China (466,940 persons or 7.6%), India (443,690 persons or 7.2%), Philippines (303,195 persons or 4.9%), Italy (296,850 persons or 4.8%), United States (250,535 persons or 4.1%), Hong Kong (215,430 persons or 3.5%), Germany (171,405 persons or 2.8%), Poland (170,490 persons or 2.8%), and Vietnam (160,170 persons or 2.6%).[21][22][23]

Total immigrant population by country of birth, 2006 Canadian census[21][22][23]
Immigrant refers to all those who hold or have ever held permanent resident status in Canada, including naturalized citizens.
Rank Country of birth Immigrant population Portion of immigrants in Canada Portion of Canadian population Notes
N/A Canada 6,186,950 N/A 19.8%
1 United Kingdom 579,620 9.37% 1.86% Officially the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland. Excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands, and British Overseas Territories.
2 China 466,940 7.55% 1.49% Officially the People's Republic of China.
Excludes Hong Kong and Macau (included in this table below).
3 India 443,690 7.17% 1.42%
4 Philippines 303,195 4.9% 0.97%
5 Italy 296,850 4.8% 0.95%
6 United States 250,535 4.05% 0.8%
7 Hong Kong 215,430 3.48% 0.69% Officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
8 Germany 171,405 2.77% 0.55%
9 Poland 170,490 2.76% 0.55%
10 Vietnam 160,170 2.59% 0.51% Many from the former Republic of Vietnam
11 Portugal 150,390 2.43% 0.48%
12 Pakistan 133,280 2.15% 0.43%
13 Jamaica 123,420 1.99% 0.4%
14 Netherlands 111,990 1.81% 0.36%
15 Sri Lanka 105,670 1.71% 0.34%
16 Korea, South 98,395 1.59% 0.31% Officially the Republic of Korea.
17 Iran 92,090 1.49% 0.29%
18 Guyana 87,195 1.41% 0.28%
19 Romania 82,645 1.34% 0.26%
20 France 79,550 1.29% 0.25%
21 Lebanon 75,275 1.22% 0.24%
22 Greece 73,125 1.18% 0.23%
23 Trinidad and Tobago 65,540 1.06% 0.21%
24 Taiwan 65,205 1.05% 0.21%
25 Russia 64,130 1.04% 0.21%
26 Haiti 63,350 1.02% 0.2%
27 Ukraine 59,460 0.96% 0.19%
28 Mexico 49,925 0.81% 0.16%
29 Hungary 45,940 0.74% 0.15%
30 El Salvador 42,780 0.69% 0.14%
31 Egypt 40,575 0.66% 0.13%
32 Croatia 39,250 0.63% 0.13%
33 Colombia 39,145 0.63% 0.13%
34 Morocco 39,055 0.63% 0.13%
35 South Africa 38,305 0.62% 0.12%
36 Yugoslavia, n.o.s 37,205 0.6% 0.12% The abbreviation 'n.o.s.' means 'not otherwise specified.' Includes persons who reported 'Yugoslavia.'
37 Afghanistan 36,165 0.58% 0.12%
38 Iraq 33,545 0.54% 0.11%
39 Bangladesh 33,230 0.54% 0.11%
40 Algeria 32,255 0.52% 0.1%
41 Bosnia and Herzegovina 28,730 0.46% 0.09%
42 Chile 26,505 0.43% 0.08%
43 Serbia & Montenegro 25,465 0.41% 0.08%
44 Fiji 24,390 0.39% 0.08%
45 Kenya 22,475 0.36% 0.07%
46 Ireland 22,370 0.36% 0.07% Also known as the Republic of Ireland
47 Peru 22,080 0.36% 0.07%
48 Czech Republic 22,030 0.36% 0.07%
49 Malaysia 21,885 0.35% 0.07%
50 Japan 21,705 0.35% 0.07%
51 Turkey 21,580 0.35% 0.07%
52 Israel 21,320 0.34% 0.07%
53 Austria 20,795 0.34% 0.07%
54 Belgium 20,215 0.33% 0.06%
55 Cambodia 20,190 0.33% 0.06%
56 Switzerland 19,955 0.32% 0.06%
57 Tanzania 19,765 0.32% 0.06%
58 Ethiopia 19,715 0.32% 0.06%
59 Somalia 19,515 0.32% 0.06%
60 Ghana 18,830 0.3% 0.06%
Total immigrants 6,775,765 100% 20.62%

2001 census

[edit]

The 2001 census reported that immigrants comprised 5,448,480 individuals or 18.4 percent of the total Canadian population. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were United Kingdom (605,995 persons or 11.1%), China (332,825 persons or 6.1%), Italy (315,455 persons or 5.8%), India (314,690 persons or 5.8%), United States (237,920 persons or 4.4%), Hong Kong (235,620 persons or 4.3%), Philippines (232,670 persons or 4.3%), Poland (180,415 persons or 3.3%), Germany (174,070 persons or 3.2%), and Portugal (153,535 persons or 2.8%).

Total immigrant population by country of birth, 2001 Canadian census[24][25][26][27]
Immigrant refers to all those who hold or have ever held permanent resident status in Canada, including naturalized citizens.
Rank Country of birth Immigrant population Portion of immigrants in Canada Portion of Canadian population Notes
N/A Canada 5,448,480 N/A 18.38%
1 United Kingdom 605,995 11.12% 2.04% Officially the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland. Excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands, and British Overseas Territories.
2 China 332,825 6.11% 1.12% Officially the People's Republic of China.
Excludes Hong Kong and Macau (included in this table below).
3 Italy 315,455 5.79% 1.06%
4 India 314,690 5.78% 1.06%
5 United States 237,920 4.37% 0.8%
6 Hong Kong 235,620 4.32% 0.79% Officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
7 Philippines 232,670 4.27% 0.79%
8 Poland 180,415 3.31% 0.61%
9 Germany 174,070 3.19% 0.59%
10 Portugal 153,535 2.82% 0.52%
11 Vietnam 148,405 2.72% 0.5% Many from the former Republic of Vietnam
12 Yugoslavia 145,380 2.67% 0.49% Serbia: 63,875
Croatia: 39,375
Bosnia: 25,665
Slovenia: 9,250
Macedonia: 7,215
13 Soviet Union 141,960 2.61% 0.48% Ukrainian SSR: 51,610
Russian SFSR: 48,425
Baltic: 20,905
Other: 21,020
14 Jamaica 120,210 2.21% 0.41%
15 Netherlands 117,690 2.16% 0.4%
16 Sri Lanka 87,305 1.6% 0.29%
17 Guyana 83,535 1.53% 0.28%
18 Pakistan 79,310 1.46% 0.27%
19 Greece 75,765 1.39% 0.26%
20 Iran 71,985 1.32% 0.24%
21 Korea 70,635 1.3% 0.24% Includes South Korea and North Korea.
22 France 69,460 1.27% 0.23%
23 Lebanon 67,225 1.23% 0.23%
24 Taiwan 67,095 1.23% 0.23%
25 Trinidad and Tobago 64,145 1.18% 0.22%
26 Romania 60,165 1.1% 0.2%
27 Haiti 52,625 0.97% 0.18%
28 Hungary 48,715 0.89% 0.16%
29 Scandinavia 45,165 0.83% 0.15% Denmark: 17,805
Finland: 14,030
Sweden: 6,810
Norway: 6,105
Iceland: 415
30 Czechoslovakia 39,760 0.73% 0.13%
31 El Salvador 38,460 0.71% 0.13%
32 Mexico 36,225 0.66% 0.12%
33 Egypt 35,975 0.66% 0.12%
34 South Africa 34,990 0.64% 0.12%
35 Ireland 25,850 0.47% 0.09% Also known as the Republic of Ireland
36 Iraq 25,830 0.47% 0.09%
37 Morocco 24,640 0.45% 0.08%
38 Chile 24,495 0.45% 0.08%
39 Fiji 22,340 0.41% 0.08%
40 Austria 22,135 0.41% 0.07%
41 Bangladesh 21,595 0.4% 0.07%
42 Afghanistan 21,710 0.4% 0.07%
43 Malaysia 20,420 0.37% 0.07%
44 Switzerland 20,020 0.37% 0.07%
45 Kenya 19,815 0.36% 0.07%
46 Belgium 19,760 0.36% 0.07%
47 Tanzania 19,315 0.35% 0.07%
48 Algeria 19,095 0.35% 0.06%
49 Cambodia 18,745 0.34% 0.06%
50 Somalia 18,635 0.34% 0.06%
51 Japan 17,625 0.32% 0.06%
52 Peru 17,125 0.31% 0.06%
53 Turkey 16,410 0.3% 0.06%
54 Ghana 16,145 0.3% 0.05%
55 Israel 15,995 0.29% 0.05%
56 Syria 15,680 0.29% 0.05%
57 Colombia 15,505 0.28% 0.05%
58 Barbados 14,650 0.27% 0.05%
59 Laos 14,110 0.26% 0.05%
60 Ethiopia 13,710 0.25% 0.05%
Total immigrants 5,448,480 100% 18.38%

1971 census

[edit]
Total immigrant population by country of birth, 1971 Canadian census[28][29]: 9 
Immigrant refers to all those who hold or have ever held permanent resident status in Canada, including naturalized citizens.
Rank Country of birth Immigrant population Portion of immigrants in Canada Portion of Canadian population Notes
N/A Canada 3,295,535 N/A 15.28%
1 United Kingdom 933,040 28.31% 4.33% Includes England, Wales, Scotland,
and Northern Ireland.
2 Italy 385,755 11.71% 1.79%
3 United States 309,640 9.4% 1.44%
4 Germany 211,060 6.4% 0.98%
5 USSR 160,120 4.86% 0.74%
6 Poland 160,040 4.86% 0.74%
7 Netherlands 133,525 4.05% 0.62%
8 Austria & Hungary 108,945 3.31% 0.51%
9 Other Europe 85,550 2.6% 0.4%
10 Greece 78,780 2.39% 0.37%
11 Yugoslavia 78,285 2.38% 0.36%
12 Scandinavia 60,210 1.83% 0.28% Excluding Finland
13 China 57,150 1.73% 0.26%
14 Other British Commonwealth 56,975 1.73% 0.26%
15 British West Indies 55,145 1.67% 0.26%
16 Other Asia 52,795 1.6% 0.24%
17 France 51,655 1.57% 0.24%
18 India & Pakistan 43,645 1.32% 0.2%
19 Czechoslovakia 43,100 1.31% 0.2%
20 Ireland 38,490 1.17% 0.18%
21 Belgium 25,770 0.78% 0.12%
22 Finland 24,930 0.76% 0.12%
23 Romania 24,405 0.74% 0.11%
24 Australia 14,335 0.43% 0.07%
25 Switzerland 13,895 0.42% 0.06%
26 Japan 9,485 0.29% 0.04%
27 Other countries 78,800 2.39% 0.37%
Total immigrants 3,295,535 100% 15.28%

1961 census

[edit]
Total immigrant population by country of birth, 1961 Canadian census[28][29]: 9 
Immigrant refers to all those who hold or have ever held permanent resident status in Canada, including naturalized citizens.
Rank Country Immigrant population Portion of immigrants in Canada Portion of Canadian population Notes
N/A Canada 2,844,263 N/A 15.6%
1 United Kingdom 967,742 34.02% 5.31% England & Wales: 662,102
Scotland: 244,052
Northern Ireland: 61,588
2 United States 283,908 9.98% 1.56%
3 Italy 258,071 9.07% 1.41%
4 Germany 189,131 6.65% 1.04%
5 USSR 186,653 6.56% 1.02%
6 Poland 171,467 6.03% 0.94%
7 Austria & Hungary 143,092 5.03% 0.78%
8 Netherlands 135,033 4.75% 0.74%
9 Scandinavia 74,616 2.62% 0.41% Excluding Finland
10 Yugoslavia 50,826 1.79% 0.28%
11 Other British Commonwealth 40,832 1.44% 0.22% Also includes Lesser Isles.
12 Greece 38,017 1.34% 0.21%
13 China 36,724 1.29% 0.2%
14 France 36,103 1.27% 0.2%
15 Czechoslovakia 35,743 1.26% 0.2%
16 Ireland 30,889 1.09% 0.17%
17 Finland 29,467 1.04% 0.16%
18 Belgium 28,253 0.99% 0.15%
19 Romania 27,011 0.95% 0.15%
20 Other Europe 22,305 0.78% 0.12%
21 Other Asia 14,240 0.5% 0.08%
22 Switzerland 11,381 0.4% 0.06%
23 India & Pakistan 9,028 0.32% 0.05%
24 Japan 6,797 0.24% 0.04%
25 Other countries 16,934 0.6% 0.09%
Total immigrants 2,844,263 100% 15.6%

1951 census

[edit]
Total immigrant population by country of birth, 1951 Canadian census[28][29]: 9 
Immigrant refers to all those who hold or have ever held permanent resident status in Canada, including naturalized citizens.
Rank Country Immigrant population Portion of immigrants in Canada Portion of Canadian population Notes
N/A Canada 2,059,911 N/A 14.7%
1 United Kingdom 910,579 44.2% 6.5% England & Wales: 627,551
Scotland: 226,343
Northern Ireland: 56,685
2 United States 282,010 13.69% 2.01%
3 USSR 188,292 9.14% 1.34%
4 Poland 164,474 7.98% 1.17%
5 Austria & Hungary 70,527 3.42% 0.5%
6 Scandinavia 64,522 3.13% 0.46% Excluding Finland
7 Italy 57,789 2.81% 0.41%
8 Germany 42,693 2.07% 0.3%
9 Netherlands 41,457 2.01% 0.3%
10 Czechoslovakia 29,546 1.43% 0.21%
11 China 24,166 1.17% 0.17%
12 Ireland 24,110 1.17% 0.17%
13 Finland 22,035 1.07% 0.16%
14 Yugoslavia 20,912 1.02% 0.15%
15 Romania 19,733 0.96% 0.14%
16 Other British Commonwealth 18,536 0.9% 0.13% Also includes Lesser Isles.
17 Belgium 17,251 0.84% 0.12%
18 France 15,650 0.76% 0.11%
19 Greece 8,594 0.42% 0.06%
20 Other Europe 7,619 0.37% 0.05%
21 Other Asia 6,740 0.33% 0.05%
22 Switzerland 6,414 0.31% 0.05%
23 Japan 6,239 0.3% 0.04%
24 India & Pakistan 3,934 0.19% 0.03%
25 Other countries 6,089 0.3% 0.04%
Total immigrants 2,059,911 100% 14.7%

1941 census

[edit]
Total immigrant population by country of birth, 1941 Canadian census[28][29]: 9 
Immigrant refers to all those who hold or have ever held permanent resident status in Canada, including naturalized citizens.
Rank Country Immigrant population Portion of immigrants in Canada Portion of Canadian population Notes
N/A Canada 2,017,902 N/A 17.54%
1 United Kingdom 914,986 45.34% 7.95% England & Wales: 635,221
Scotland: 279,765
2 United States 312,473 15.49% 2.72%
3 Poland 155,400 7.7% 1.35%
4 USSR 124,402 6.16% 1.08%
5 Ireland 86,126 4.27% 0.75% Also includes Northern Ireland.
6 Austria & Hungary 82,526 4.09% 0.72%
7 Scandinavia 72,473 3.59% 0.63% Excluding Finland
8 Other British Commonwealth 43,222 2.14% 0.38% Also includes Newfoundland and Lesser Isles.
9 Italy 40,432 2% 0.35%
10 China 29,095 1.44% 0.25%
11 Germany 28,479 1.41% 0.25%
12 Romania 28,454 1.41% 0.25%
13 Czechoslovakia 25,564 1.27% 0.22%
14 Finland 24,387 1.21% 0.21%
15 Yugoslavia 17,416 0.86% 0.15%
16 Belgium 14,773 0.73% 0.13%
17 France 13,795 0.68% 0.12%
18 Netherlands 9,923 0.49% 0.09%
19 Japan 9,462 0.47% 0.08%
20 Other Asia 5,886 0.29% 0.05%
21 Greece 5,871 0.29% 0.05%
22 Switzerland 5,505 0.27% 0.05%
23 India 4,376 0.22% 0.04%
24 Other Europe 4,305 0.21% 0.04%
25 Other countries 3,512 0.17% 0.03%
Total immigrants 2,017,902 100% 17.54%

1931 census

[edit]
Total immigrant population by country of birth, 1931 Canadian census[28][29]: 9 [30]: 374 
Immigrant refers to all those who hold or have ever held permanent resident status in Canada, including naturalized citizens.
Rank Country Immigrant population Portion of immigrants in Canada Portion of Canadian population Notes
— Canada 2,307,525 — 22.24% —
1 United Kingdom 1,031,398 44.7% 9.94% England: 723,864
Scotland: 279,765
Wales: 22,348
Lesser Isles: 5,421
2 United States 344,574 14.93% 3.32%
3 Poland 171,169 7.42% 1.65%
4 USSR 133,869 5.8% 1.29% Russian SFSR: 114,406
Ukrainian SSR: 13,759
Lithuanian SSR: 5,704
5 Ireland 107,544 4.66% 1.04% Also includes Northern Ireland.
6 Scandinavia 90,042 3.9% 0.87% Sweden: 34,415
Norway: 32,679
Denmark: 17,217
Iceland: 5,731
7 Italy 42,578 1.85% 0.41%
8 China 42,037 1.82% 0.41%
9 Romania 40,322 1.75% 0.39%
10 Germany 39,163 1.7% 0.38%
11 Austria 37,391 1.62% 0.36%
12 Finland 30,354 1.32% 0.29%
13 Hungary 28,523 1.24% 0.27%
14 Newfoundland 26,410 1.14% 0.25%
15 Czechoslovakia 22,835 0.99% 0.22%
16 Yugoslavia 17,110 0.74% 0.16%
17 Belgium 17,033 0.74% 0.16%
18 France 16,756 0.73% 0.16%
19 Japan 12,261 0.53% 0.12%
20 Netherlands 10,736 0.47% 0.1%
21 Switzerland 6,076 0.26% 0.06%
22 Greece 5,579 0.24% 0.05%
23 India 4,672 0.2% 0.05%
24 West Indies 4,537 0.2% 0.04%
25 Syria 3,953 0.17% 0.04%
26 Australia 3,565 0.15% 0.03%
27 Other Europe 2,887 0.13% 0.03%
28 Other British Commonwealth 2,304 0.1% 0.02%
29 South Africa 2,235 0.1% 0.02%
30 Bulgaria 1,467 0.06% 0.01%
31 New Zealand 1,434 0.06% 0.01%
32 South America 1,296 0.06% 0.01%
33 Turkey 921 0.04% 0.01%
34 Other Asia 803 0.03% 0.01%
35 At Sea 731 0.03% 0.01%
36 Armenia 633 0.03% 0.01%
37 Spain 572 0.02% 0.01%
38 Other countries 1,755 0.08% 0.02%
— Total immigrants 2,307,525 100% 22.24% —

1921 census

[edit]
Total immigrant population by country of birth, 1921 Canadian census[28][29]: 9 [31]: 238 
Immigrant refers to all those who hold or have ever held permanent resident status in Canada, including naturalized citizens.
Rank Country Immigrant population Portion of immigrants in Canada Portion of Canadian population Notes
— Canada 1,955,725 — 22.25% —
1 United Kingdom 931,820 47.65% 10.6% England: 686,663
Scotland: 226,483
Wales: 13,779
Lesser Isles: 4,807
Other British Isles: 88
2 United States 373,024 19.07% 4.24%
3 Soviet Union & Poland 177,716 9.09% 2.02% Russian SFSR: 101,055
Galicia: 36,025
Poland: 29,279
Ukrainian SSR: 11,357
4 Ireland 93,301 4.77% 1.06%
5 Germany & Austria 82,801 4.23% 0.94% Austria: 57,535
Germany: 25,266
6 Scandinavia 64,795 3.31% 0.74% Sweden: 27,700
Norway: 23,127
Denmark: 7,192
Iceland: 6,776
7 China 36,924 1.89% 0.42%
8 Italy 35,531 1.82% 0.4%
9 Newfoundland 23,107 1.18% 0.26%
10 Romania 22,779 1.16% 0.26%
11 France 19,249 0.98% 0.22%
12 Belgium 13,276 0.68% 0.15%
13 Finland 12,156 0.62% 0.14%
14 Japan 11,650 0.6% 0.13%
15 Hungary 7,493 0.38% 0.09%
16 Netherlands 5,828 0.3% 0.07%
17 West Indies 4,393 0.22% 0.05%
18 Czechoslovakia 4,322 0.22% 0.05%
19 Syria–Lebanon 3,879 0.2% 0.04%
20 India 3,848 0.2% 0.04%
21 Greece 3,769 0.19% 0.04%
22 Switzerland 3,479 0.18% 0.04%
23 Other Europe 3,183 0.16% 0.04%
24 Australia 2,855 0.15% 0.03%
25 Other British Commonwealth 2,755 0.14% 0.03%
26 Yugoslavia 1,946 0.1% 0.02%
27 South Africa 1,760 0.09% 0.02%
28 New Zealand 1,085 0.06% 0.01%
29 Bulgaria 1,005 0.05% 0.01%
30 Other Asia 782 0.04% 0.01%
31 At Sea 653 0.03% 0.01%
32 Turkey 401 0.02% 0%
33 Other countries 3,171 0.16% 0.04%
— Total immigrants 1,955,725 100% 22.25% —

1911 census

[edit]
Total immigrant population by country of birth, 1911 Canadian census[28]
Immigrant refers to all those who hold or have ever held permanent resident status in Canada, including naturalized citizens.
Rank Country Immigrant population Portion of immigrants in Canada Portion of Canadian population Notes
N/A Canada 1,586,961 N/A 22.02%
Total immigrants 1,586,961 100% 22.02%

1901 census

[edit]
Total immigrant population by country of birth, 1901 Canadian census[28]
Immigrant refers to all those who hold or have ever held permanent resident status in Canada, including naturalized citizens.
Rank Country Immigrant population Portion of immigrants in Canada Portion of Canadian population Notes
N/A Canada 699,500 N/A 13.02%
Total immigrants 699,500 100% 13.02%

1891 census

[edit]
Total immigrant population by country of birth, 1891 Canadian census[28]
Immigrant refers to all those who hold or have ever held permanent resident status in Canada, including naturalized citizens.
Rank Country Immigrant population Portion of immigrants in Canada Portion of Canadian population Notes
N/A Canada 643,871 N/A 13.32%
Total immigrants 643,871 100% 13.32%

1881 census

[edit]
Total immigrant population by country of birth, 1881 Canadian census[28]
Immigrant refers to all those who hold or have ever held permanent resident status in Canada, including naturalized citizens.
Rank Country Immigrant population Portion of immigrants in Canada Portion of Canadian population Notes
N/A Canada 602,984 N/A 13.94%
Total immigrants 602,984 100% 13.94%

1871 census

[edit]
Total immigrant population by country of birth, 1871 Canadian census[28]
Immigrant refers to all those who hold or have ever held permanent resident status in Canada, including naturalized citizens.
Rank Country Immigrant population Portion of immigrants in Canada Portion of Canadian population Notes
N/A Canada 594,207 N/A 16.11%
Total immigrants 594,207 100% 16.11%

Annual sources of immigration

[edit]

2020s

[edit]
Permanent residents admitted in 2024, by top 10 source countries (up to September 2024)[3][4]
Rank Country Number Percentage
1 India 104,755 27.57%
2 Philippines 25,920 6.82%
3 China[a] 23,975 6.31%
4 Nigeria 15,690 4.13%
5 Cameroon 14,960 3.94%
6 Eritrea 11,180 2.94%
7 Afghanistan 10,295 2.71%
8 Iran 9,300 2.45%
9 Pakistan 8,670 2.28%
10 France 7,775 2.05%
Top 10 Total 232,520 61.2%
Other 147,420 38.8%
Total 379,940 100%
Permanent residents admitted in 2023, by top 10 source countries[3][4]
Rank Country Number Percentage
1 India 139,715 29.63%
2 China[a] 31,765 6.74%
3 Philippines 26,950 5.72%
4 Afghanistan 20,165 4.28%
5 Nigeria 17,445 3.7%
6 Pakistan 11,850 2.51%
7 Cameroon 11,685 2.48%
8 Eritrea 10,670 2.26%
9 Iran 10,670 2.26%
10 United States 10,635 2.26%
Top 10 Total 291,550 61.83%
Other 180,000 38.17%
Total 471,550 100%

The 471,550 permanent residents (immigrants) admitted in 2023 was alongside approximately 78,500 Ukrainians arriving during the year,[32] the vast majority of which were not counted in the official immigration statistics for the year, instead arriving under temporary resident visas.

Permanent residents admitted in 2022, by top 10 source countries[3][4]
Rank Country Number Percentage
1 India 118,215 27.02%
2 China[a] 31,835 7.28%
3 Afghanistan 23,750 5.43%
4 Nigeria 22,115 5.05%
5 Philippines 22,090 5.05%
6 France 14,150 3.23%
7 Pakistan 11,600 2.65%
8 Iran 11,110 2.54%
9 United States 10,410 2.38%
10 Syria 8,505 1.94%
Top 10 Total 273,780 62.58%
Other 163,720 37.42%
Total 437,500 100%

The 437,500 permanent residents (immigrants) admitted in 2022 was alongside approximately 137,800 Ukrainians arriving during the year,[33] the vast majority of which were not counted in the official immigration statistics for the year, instead arriving under temporary resident visas.

Permanent residents admitted in 2021, by top 10 source countries[3][4]
Rank Country Number Percentage
1 India 127,795 31.5
2 China[a] 30,970 7.6
3 Philippines 17,990 4.4
4 Nigeria 15,580 3.8
5 France 12,685 3.1
6 United States 11,930 2.9
7 Brazil 11,420 2.8
8 Iran 11,285 2.8
9 Afghanistan 8,550 2.1
10 Pakistan 8,410 2.1
Top 10 Total 256,615 63.3
Other 148,715 36.7
Total 405,330 100
Permanent residents admitted in 2020, by top 10 source countries[3][4]
Rank Country Number Percentage
1 India 42,875 23.3
2 China[a] 16,550 9.0
3 Philippines 10,970 5.9
4 United States 6,380 3.5
5 Nigeria 6,345 3.4
6 Pakistan 6,215 3.4
7 Syria 4,835 2.6
8 France 4,600 2.5
9 Iran 3,805 2.1
10 Brazil 3,695 2.0
Top 10 Total 106,270 57.6
Other 78,100 42.4
Total 184,370 100

2010s

[edit]
Permanent Residents admitted in 2019, by top 10 source countries[3][34][35]
Rank Country Number Percentage
1 India 85,585 25.1
2 China[a] 30,260 8.9
3 Philippines 27,815 8.2
4 Nigeria 12,595 3.7
5 United States 10,800 3.2
6 Pakistan 10,790 3.2
7 Syria 10,120 3.0
8 Eritrea 7,025 2.1
9 South Korea 6,110 1.8
10 Iran 6,055 1.8
Top 10 Total 207,155 60.7
Other 134,025 39.3
Total 341,180 100
Permanent Residents admitted in 2017, by top 10 source countries[3][36]
Rank Country Number Percentage
1 India 51,651 18
2 Philippines 40,857 14.3
3 China[a] 30,279 10.6
4 Syria 12,044 4.2
5 United States 9,100 3.2
6 Pakistan 7,656 2.7
7 France 6,600 2.3
8 Nigeria 5,459 1.9
9 United Kingdom[b] 5,293 1.8
10 Iraq 4,740 1.7
Top 10 Total 173,679 60.6
Other 112,800 39.4
Total 286,479 100
Permanent Residents admitted in 2016, by top 10 source countries[3][37]
Rank Country Number Percentage
1 Philippines 41,791 14.1
2 India 39,789 13.4
3 Syria 34,925 11.7
4 China[a] 26,852 9.1
5 Pakistan 11,337 3.8
6 United States 8,409 2.8
7 Iran 6,483 2.2
8 France 6,348 2.1
9 United Kingdom[b] 5,812 2.0
10 Eritrea 4,629 1.6
Top 10 Total 186,375 62.9
Other 109,971 37.1
Total 296,346 100
Permanent Residents Admitted in 2015, by Top 10 Source Countries[9][3][38]
Rank Country Number Percentage
1 Philippines 50,846 18.7
2 India 39,530 14.5
3 China[a] 19,532 7.2
4 Iran 11,669 4.3
5 Pakistan 11,329 4.2
6 Syria 9,853 3.6
7 United States 7,522 3.0
8 France 5,807 2.0
9 United Kingdom[b] 5,451 2.0
10 Nigeria 4,133 2.0
Top 10 Total 165,672 61.5
Other 106,173 38.5
Total 271,845 100
Permanent Residents admitted in 2011, by top 10 source countries[9][39]
Rank Country Number Percentage
1 Philippines 34,991 14.1%
2 China[a] 28,696 11.5%
3 India 24,965 10%
4 United States 8,829 3.5%
5 Iran 6,840 2.7%
6 United Kingdom[b] 6,550 2.6%
7 Haiti 6,208 2.5%
8 Pakistan 6,073 2.4%
9 France 5,867 2.4%
10 United Arab Emirates 5,223 2.1%
Top 10 Total 134,242 54%
Remaining Total 114,506 46%
Total 248,748 100%

1950s

[edit]
Permanent Residents admitted in 1959[8][28]
Rank Country Number Percentage
1 Italy 25,655 24%
2 United Kingdom[b] 18,222 17%
3 Other Europe 12,061 11.3%
4 United States 11,338 10.6%
5 West Germany 10,423 9.7%
6 Netherlands 5,243 4.9%
7 Greece 4,867 4.6%
8 Portugal 4,080 3.8%
9 France 2,153 2%
10 Hong Kong 2,018 1.9%
11 South America 1,750 1.6%
12 Australasia 1,512 1.4%
13 Israel 1,490 1.4%
14 Caribbean 1,369 1.3%
15 Switzerland 855 0.8%
16 Yugoslavia 958 0.9%
17 India 585 0.5%
18 China 519 0.5%
19 Other Africa 436 0.4%
20 Lebanon 377 0.4%
21 Other Asia 317 0.3%
22 South Africa 287 0.3%
23 Egypt 120 0.1%
24 Pakistan 62 0.1%
25 Other North America 160 0.1%
26 Others[I] 71 0.1%
Total - 106,928 100%
Permanent Residents admitted in 1958[8][28]
Rank Country Number Percentage
1 Italy 27,043 21.7%
2 United Kingdom[b] 24,777 19.8%
3 Other Europe 17,288 13.8%
4 West Germany 13,888 11.1%
5 United States 10,846 8.7%
6 Netherlands 7,420 5.9%
7 Greece 5,190 4.2%
8 France 2,727 2.2%
9 Australasia 2,344 1.9%
10 South America 2,168 1.7%
11 Portugal 1,938 1.6%
12 Hong Kong 1,752 1.4%
13 Caribbean 1,360 1.1%
14 Switzerland 1,024 0.8%
15 Yugoslavia 984 0.8%
16 China 894 0.7%
17 Other Africa 872 0.7%
18 Israel 531 0.4%
19 South Africa 367 0.3%
20 Other Asia 347 0.3%
21 India 325 0.3%
22 Lebanon 312 0.2%
23 Other North America 159 0.1%
24 Egypt 116 0.1%
25 Pakistan 62 0%
26 Others[I] 117 0.1%
Total - 124,851 100%
Permanent Residents admitted in 1957[8][28]
Rank Country Number Percentage
1 United Kingdom[b] 108,989 38.6%
2 Other Europe 61,847 21.9%
3 West Germany 28,430 10.1%
4 Italy 27,740 9.8%
5 Netherlands 11,934 4.2%
6 United States 11,008 3.9%
7 France 5,869 2.1%
8 Greece 5,460 1.9%
9 Portugal 4,423 1.6%
10 Australasia 3,345 1.2%
11 South America 2,376 0.8%
12 Other Africa 2,085 0.7%
13 Switzerland 1,800 0.6%
14 Caribbean 1,414 0.5%
15 Yugoslavia 1,048 0.4%
16 Hong Kong 866 0.3%
17 China 856 0.3%
18 Israel 482 0.2%
19 South Africa 464 0.2%
20 Egypt 421 0.1%
21 Lebanon 401 0.1%
22 Other Asia 370 0.1%
23 Other North America 172 0.1%
24 India 186 0.1%
25 Pakistan 83 0%
26 Others[I] 95 0%
Total - 282,164 100%
Permanent Residents admitted in 1956[8][28]
Rank Country Number Percentage
1 United Kingdom[b] 50,390 30.6%
2 Italy 27,739 16.8%
3 West Germany 26,061 15.8%
4 Other Europe 21,113 12.8%
5 United States 9,777 5.9%
6 Netherlands 7,792 4.7%
7 Greece 4,986 3%
8 France 3,809 2.3%
9 Australasia 1,924 1.2%
10 Portugal 1,697 1%
11 South America 1,551 0.9%
12 China 1,516 0.9%
13 Switzerland 1,514 0.9%
14 Caribbean 1,245 0.8%
15 Hong Kong 615 0.4%
16 Other Africa 543 0.3%
17 Lebanon 454 0.3%
18 Yugoslavia 453 0.3%
19 South Africa 342 0.2%
20 Other Asia 339 0.2%
21 Israel 309 0.2%
22 India 254 0.2%
23 Egypt 194 0.1%
24 Other North America 106 0.1%
25 Pakistan 50 0%
26 Others[I] 84 0.1%
Total - 164,857 100%
  1. ^ a b c d 'n.e.s.' – not elsewhere specified.

1910s

[edit]
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1917 fiscal year)[40][41]
Country Number Percentage
United States 61,389 81.45%
United Kingdom[b] 8,282 10.99%
Japan 648 0.86%
China 393 0.52%
Others 4,662 6.19%
Total 75,374[c] 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1916 fiscal year)[40][41]
Country Number Percentage
United States 36,937 76.1%
United Kingdom[b] 8,664 17.85%
Japan 401 0.83%
China 89 0.18%
India 1 0.002%
Others 2,445 5.04%
Total 48,537[c] 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1915 fiscal year)[40][41]
Country Number Percentage
United States 59,779 41.29%
United Kingdom[b] 43,276 29.89%
China 1,258 0.87%
Japan 592 0.41%
Others 39,884 27.55%
Total 144,789[c] 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1914 fiscal year)[40][41][42]: 102–112 
Country Number Percentage
United Kingdom[b] 142,622 37.06%
United States 107,530 27.94%
China 5,512 1.43%
Japan 856 0.22%
India 88 0.02%
Others 128,270 33.33%
Total 384,878[c] 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1913 fiscal year)[40][41][42]: 102–112 
Country Number Percentage
United Kingdom[b] 150,542 37.41%
United States 139,009 34.54%
China 7,445 1.85%
Japan 724 0.18%
India 5 0.001%
Others 104,707 26.02%
Total 402,432[c] 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1912 fiscal year)[40][41][42]: 102–112 
Country Number Percentage
United Kingdom[b] 138,121 38.99%
United States 133,710 37.75%
China 6,581 1.86%
Japan 765 0.22%
India 3 0.001%
Others 75,057 21.19%
Total 354,237[c] 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1911 fiscal year)[40][41][42]: 102–112 
Country Number Percentage
United Kingdom[b] 123,013 39.54%
United States 121,451 39.04%
China 5,320 1.71%
Japan 437 0.14%
India 5 0.002%
Others 60,858 19.56%
Total 311,084[c] 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1910 fiscal year)[40][41][42]: 102–112 
Country Number Percentage
United States 103,798 49.71%
United Kingdom[b] 59,790 28.64%
China 2,302 1.1%
Japan 271 0.13%
India 10 0.005%
Others 42,623 20.41%
Total 208,794[c] 100%

1900s

[edit]
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1909 fiscal year)[40][41][42]: 102–112 
Country Number Percentage
United States 59,832 40.73%
United Kingdom[b] 52,901 36.01%
China 2,106 1.43%
Japan 495 0.34%
India 6 0.004%
Others 31,568 21.49%
Total 146,908[c] 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1908 fiscal year)[40][41][42]: 102–112 
Country Number Percentage
United Kingdom[b] 120,182 45.79%
United States 58,312 22.22%
Japan 7,601 2.9%
India 2,623 1%
China 2,234 0.85%
Others 71,517 27.25%
Total 262,469[c] 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (June 1906-March 1907)[40][41][42]: 102–112 
Country Number Percentage
United Kingdom[b] 55,791 44.75%
United States 34,659 27.8%
India 2,124 1.7%
Japan 2,042 1.64%
China 291 0.23%
Others 29,760 23.87%
Total 124,667[d] 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1906 fiscal year)[40][41][42]: 102–112 
Country Number Percentage
United Kingdom[b] 86,796 45.91%
United States 57,796 30.57%
Japan 1,922 1.02%
India 387 0.2%
China 168 0.09%
Others 41,995 22.21%
Total 189,064[c] 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1905 fiscal year)[40][41][42]: 102–112 
Country Number Percentage
United States 43,543 29.77%
United Kingdom[b] 65,359 44.69%
China 77 0.05%
Japan 354 0.24%
India 45 0.03%
Others 36,888 25.22%
Total 146,266[c] 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1904 fiscal year)[40][41][42]: 102–112 
Country Number Percentage
United Kingdom[b] 50,374 38.65%
United States 45,171 34.66%
China 4,847 3.72%
Others 29,939 22.97%
Total 130,331[c] 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1903 fiscal year)[40][41][42]: 102–112 
Country Number Percentage
United States 49,473 38.54%
United Kingdom[b] 41,792 32.56%
China 5,329 4.15%
Others 31,770 24.75%
Total 128,364[c] 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1902 fiscal year)[40][41][42]: 102–112 
Country Number Percentage
United States 26,388 39.16%
United Kingdom[b] 16,947 25.15%
Austria-Hungary[e] 7,918 11.75%
Italy 3,828 5.68%
China 3,587 5.32%
Russian Empire[f] 2,467 3.66%
Finland 1,292 1.92%
Syria-Lebanon 1,066 1.58%
German Empire 1,048 1.56%
Norway 1,015 1.51%
Sweden 1,013 1.5%
Romania 551 0.82%
France 431 0.64%
Ireland 312 0.46%
Iceland 260 0.39%
Belgium 223 0.33%
Denmark 163 0.24%
Greece 161 0.24%
Armenia 112 0.17%
Netherlands 35 0.05%
Switzerland 17 0.03%
Australia 11 0.02%
Bulgaria 1 0%
Others 2,032 3.02%
Total 67,379[c] 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1901 fiscal year)[40][41][42]: 102–112 
Country Number Percentage
United States 18,055 36.74%
United Kingdom[b] 11,740 23.89%
Austria-Hungary[e] 5,476 11.14%
Italy 4,710 9.58%
China 2,544 5.18%
Russian Empire[f] 1,044 2.12%
German Empire 984 2%
Iceland 912 1.86%
Finland 682 1.39%
Sweden 485 0.99%
Syria-Lebanon 464 0.94%
France 360 0.73%
Norway 265 0.54%
Romania 152 0.31%
Belgium 132 0.27%
Denmark 88 0.18%
Greece 81 0.16%
Ireland 70 0.14%
Armenia 62 0.13%
Switzerland 30 0.06%
Netherlands 25 0.05%
Serbia 23 0.05%
Japan 6 0.01%
Australia 3 0.01%
Others 3,256 6.62%
Total 49,149[c] 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (January-June 1900)[40][41]
Country Number Percentage
United States 8,543 35.75%
United Kingdom[b] 5,141 21.51%
Others 10,211 42.73%
Total 23,895[g] 100%

1860s

[edit]
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1865)[43]
Country Number Percentage
England 9,296 43.53%
Europe 4,770 22.34%
Ireland 4,682 21.92%
Scotland 2,601 12.18%
Others 6 0.03%
Total 21,355 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1864)[43]
Country Number Percentage
Europe 7,453 38.93%
England 5,013 26.18%
Ireland 3,767 19.67%
Scotland 2,914 15.22%
Others — —
Total 19,147 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1863)[43]
Country Number Percentage
England 6,317 32.53%
Ireland 4,949 25.49%
Europe 4,182 21.54%
Scotland 3,959 20.39%
Others 12 0.06%
Total 19,419 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1862)[43]
Country Number Percentage
Europe 7,728 34.85%
England 6,877 31.01%
Ireland 4,545 20.5%
Scotland 2,979 13.43%
Others 47 0.21%
Total 22,176 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1861)[43]
Country Number Percentage
Europe 10,618 53.3%
England 7,780 39.05%
Scotland 1,112 5.58%
Ireland 413 2.07%
Others — —
Total 19,923 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1860)[43]
Country Number Percentage
England 6,481 63.85%
Europe 2,314 22.8%
Scotland 979 9.65%
Ireland 376 3.7%
Others — —
Total 10,150 100%

1850s

[edit]
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1859)[43]
Country Number Percentage
England 4,846 55.21%
Europe 2,722 31.01%
Scotland 793 9.03%
Ireland 417 4.75%
Others — —
Total 8,778 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1858)[43]
Country Number Percentage
England 6,441 50.28%
Europe 3,578 27.93%
Scotland 1,424 11.12%
Ireland 1,153 9%
Others 214 1.67%
Total 12,810 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1857)[43]
Country Number Percentage
England 15,471 48.2%
Europe 11,368 35.42%
Scotland 3,218 10.03%
Ireland 2,016 6.28%
Others 24 0.07%
Total 32,097 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1856)[43]
Country Number Percentage
England 10,353 46.14%
Europe 7,343 32.72%
Scotland 2,794 12.45%
Ireland 1,688 7.52%
Others 261 1.16%
Total 22,439 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1855)[43]
Country Number Percentage
England 6,754 31.75%
Scotland 4,859 22.84%
Europe 4,864 22.86%
Ireland 4,106 19.3%
Others 691 3.25%
Total 21,274 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1854)[43]
Country Number Percentage
England 18,175 34.18%
Ireland 16,165 30.4%
Europe 11,537 21.69%
Scotland 6,446 12.12%
Others 857 1.61%
Total 53,180 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1853)[43]
Country Number Percentage
Ireland 14,417 39.28%
England 9,585 26.12%
Europe 7,456 20.32%
Scotland 4,745 12.93%
Others 496 1.35%
Total 36,699 100%
Immigrant arrivals in Canada by country of birth (1852)[43]
Country Number Percentage
Ireland 15,983 40.8%
England 9,276 23.68%
Europe 7,256 18.52%
Scotland 5,477 13.98%
Others 1,184 3.02%
Total 39,176 100%

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Officially, the People's Republic of China. Excludes Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan (listed separately).
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Officially, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Includes: Scotland, Wales, England, Northern Ireland, Crown Colonies, and British Overseas Territories.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Total figures indicated detail fiscal year and not calendar year.
  4. ^ Incomplete figures as data for fiscal year cut short; nine months ended March 31.
  5. ^ a b Including Austria, Hungary, Bukovina, and Galicia.
  6. ^ a b Including Russia, Poland, and Ruthenia.
  7. ^ Incomplete figures; data for six months from January to June, inclusive.

References

[edit]
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  41. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (10 August 2009). "Record of oriental immigrants, fiscal years ended 1901 to 1936". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (11 October 2017). "Canada Year Book 1913". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (4 November 2010). "Immigration, arrivals from 1852 to 1865". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
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