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Campynema

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Campynema
Campynema lineare Labill.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Campynemataceae
Genus: Campynema
Labill.[1]
Species:
C. lineare
Binomial name
Campynema lineare
Synonyms[2]

Campynema pygmaeum F.Muell. ex Benth.

Campynema is a genus in the family Campynemataceae first described in 1805.[1][3] It contains only one known species (monotypic), Campynema lineare, endemic to the island of Tasmania in Australia.[2][4] Its closest relative is Campynemanthe, endemic to New Caledonia,[5] sole other genus of the family.

Campynema lineare

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C. lineare, also known as the green mountain lily,[6][7] is a small inconspicuous erect herb that grows to 15–30 cm in height. Its leaves consist of a single, curved basal leaf, with smaller leaves ascending up the flower stem.[7] It is most distinguishable by its striking green flower, which blooms in summer.[7] The flower is usually solitary, with 6 green tepals, sometimes with a burgundy tinge and developing brown edges with age,[7] lacking apparent nectaries.[8] The anthers are dorsifixed, styluli are free but thickened and contiguous below. The seeds are numerous and are flattened, sometimes almost discoid, with a spongy outer coat.[8] It is a geophyte,[9] and its leaves are deciduous in winter.

C. lineare is approximately 57 million years old.[10] It is considered to a key member of Tasmania's palaeoendemic flora.[10] A study of the gene sequences of RuBisCO in C. lineare, found that the family Campynemataceae is the oldest of the order Liliales.[11]

C. lineare was once considered to be part of the family Liliaceae.[7]

  • Variation in flower coloration

Distribution

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C. lineare can be found in boggy sites in the central, western and central mountains of Tasmania, mostly in the subalpine and alpine regions.[12] It is most commonly found in herbfields, heathlands, cushion plant communities, and lake edges.[13]

Threats and Conservation

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C. lineare is not considered under any specific threats due to being situated predominantly in protected areas,[14] however some of the habitats in which it is found are predicted to decline due to climate change.[15] The most likely declines in Australian alpine ecosystems have been shown to be in alpine herbfield and cushion plant communities.[15] Due to its palaeoendemic status, the Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service consider C. lineare to be of high conservation significance.[14]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Labillardière 1804, i p. 93.
  2. ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. ^ Tropicos, Campynema Labill.
  4. ^ George, A.S. (ed.) (1987). Flora of Australia 45: 1-521. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  5. ^ Vinnersten, A.; Bremer, K. (2001). "Age and Biogegraphy of Major Clades in Lilliales". American Journal of Botany. 88 (9): 1695–1703. doi:10.2307/3558415. JSTOR 3558415. PMID 21669704.
  6. ^ Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. "Species Campynema Lineare". Natural Values Atlas Tasmania. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  7. ^ a b c d e Howells, Christine (2012). Tasmania's Natural Flora. Hobart, Tasmania: Australian Plants Society Tasmania Inc., Hobart Group. p. 391. ISBN 9780909830663.
  8. ^ a b Kubitzki, K. (1998). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, III. Flowering Plants - Monocotyledons Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Berlin: Springer. pp. 173–174. ISBN 9783662035337.
  9. ^ Associate Professor Greg Jordan 2018, personal communication, 19 February.
  10. ^ a b Jordan, Gregory J.; Harrison, Peter A.; Worth, James R.P.; Williamson, G.J.; Kirkpatrick, J.B. (2016). "Palaeoendemic plants provide evidence for persistence of open, well-watered vegetation since the Cretaceous". Global Ecology and Biogeography. 25 (2): 12–140. Bibcode:2016GloEB..25..127J. doi:10.1111/geb.12389 – via Wiley Online Library.[permanent dead link]
  11. ^ Janssen, T; Bremer, Kåre (2015). "The age of major monocot groups inferred from 800+ rbcL sequences". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 146 (4): 385–398. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00345.x.
  12. ^ Jordan, Greg (2017). "Key to Tasmanian Vascular Plants". University of Tasmania. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  13. ^ Smith, Andrew (2009). "Family Index: Campynema lineare". Understorey Network. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  14. ^ a b Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service (2014). Melaleuca - Southwest National Park - Site and Rehabilitation Plan. Hobart: Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. p. 15. ISBN 9780992362829.
  15. ^ a b Slatyer, Rachel. "Climate change impacts on Australia's alpine ecosystems". Australian National University Press. Retrieved 28 February 2018.

Bibliography

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